基因工程半成品中大肠杆菌蛋白残余量测定方法研究—双抗体夹心ELISA法

用大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α菌体蛋白免疫家兔制备抗血清,建立了双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ方法。经初步测定,该方法的灵敏度为１．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ,与间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法的灵敏度相似,比聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的考马斯亮兰染色方法的灵敏度高将近７００倍,比银染色方法的灵敏度高将近３０倍。在２０～１００００ｎｇ／ｍｌ范围内呈直线关系,直线相关系数为０．９９６。经八次重复测定,显示很好的重复性。该方法可用于测定基因工程产品中ＤＨ５α菌体蛋白的残余量。     

The contribution of tellurite resistance genes to the fitness of Escherichia coli uropathogenic strains

The presence of tellurite resistance gene operons has been reported in several human pathogens despite the fact that tellurium, as well as its soluble salts, are both rare in nature and are no longer in use as antimicrobial agents. We have introduced the cloned terWZA-F genes from an uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolate into another clinical E. coli isolate that was shown to be ter-gene free. The presence of the introduced genes increased the level of potassium tellurite resistance, as well as the level of resistance to oxidative stress mediated by hydrogen peroxide; and prolonged the ability of particular strains to survive in macrophages. We therefore propose that the contribution of tellurite resistance genes to oxidative stress resistance in bacteria is at least one reason for their presence in the genomes of a broad range of pathogenic microorganisms.     

The in vitro fitness cost of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli varies with the growth conditions

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of stressful growth conditions on the fitness cost of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli BJ4 caused by chromosomal mutations and plasmid acquisition. The fitness cost of chromosomal streptomycin resistance increased significantly when the bacteria were grown under all stress conditions tested, while the cost in 1/3 Luria–Bertani was not significantly changed in a streptomycin+rifampicin mutant. The increase in the fitness cost depended in a nonregular manner on the strain/stress combination. The fitness cost of plasmid-encoded resistance on R751 did not differ significantly, and was generally less under stressful growth conditions than in rich media. The fitness cost associated with R751 with the multiple drug resistance cassette from Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 increased significantly only under stressful conditions at low pH and at high-salt concentrations. Strains with an impaired rpoS demonstrated a reduced fitness only during growth in a high-salt concentration. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that bacterial fitness cost in association with antimicrobial resistance generally increases under stressful growth conditions. However, the growth potential of bacteria with antimicrobial resistances did not increase in a straightforward manner in these in vitro experiments and is therefore probably even more difficult to predict in vivo .     

抗噬菌体工程菌的筛选

噬菌体污染常引起溶菌,造成人力物力浪费。应用自发突变的原理成功地从溶菌液中筛选到抗噬菌体的工程菌株;在发酵罐中培养,该菌株生长行为和表达水平没有变化。     

λpL/pR-cI857温控系统的改造及其对大肠杆菌菌蜕制备的影响

菌蜕是革兰氏阴性菌在噬菌体Phix174的溶菌基因E的作用下形成的细菌空壳,通常由λpL/pR-cI857温控系统通过调控E基因的表达制备。通过重叠PCR技术,将λpL/pR-cI857温控系统中λpR启动子的第2个操纵基因(OR2)的第9位碱基由T突变为C(T→C)。溶菌试验结果表明,突变后的λpL/pR-cI857系统在37℃时仍能稳定抑制基因E的表达,对大肠杆菌的溶菌率为99.9%。通过对λpR启动子的改造,扩大了λpL/pR-cI857温控系统的温度调控范围,为菌蜕疫苗的研制提供了参考。     

光复活对紫外线照射大肠杆菌后突变率的影响

通过改变UV照射时间、照射后的操作速度、光复活时的温度、时间和光强度,以光复活和暗处理后细胞存活数的比值为依据,研究了不同条件下E．coli受UV照射后的光复活效应。并以E．coli对5μg/ml链霉素抗性突变率为指标,比较了不同剂量UV照射后光复活和暗处理对E．coli突变率的影响。结果表明：光复活效应在温度10℃时最明显,且与照射时间、照射后的操作速度、光复活时间和光强度成正相关;在中、低剂量UV照射后,暗处理较光复活后E．coli对链霉素抗性突变率明显高,而在高剂量下,光复活则显著高于暗处理后的突变率。     

Impact of microbial diversity on rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in surface waters

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are a physiologically, immunologically and genetically diverse collection of strains that pose a serious water-borne threat to human health. Consequently, immunological and PCR assays have been developed for the rapid, sensitive detection of presumptive EHEC. However, the ability of these assays to consistently detect presumptive EHEC while excluding closely related non-EHEC strains has not been documented. We conducted a 30-month monitoring study of a major metropolitan watershed. Surface water samples were analyzed using an immunological assay for E. coli O157 (the predominant strain worldwide) and a multiplex PCR assay for the virulence genes stx(1), stx(2) and eae. The mean frequency of water samples positive for the presence of E. coli O157, stx(1) or stx(2) genes, or the eae gene was 50%, 26% and 96%, respectively. Quantitative analysis of selected enriched water samples indicated that even in samples positive for E. coli O157 cells, stx(1)/stx(2) genes, and the eae gene, the concentrations were rarely comparable. Seventeen E. coli O157 strains were isolated, however, none were EHEC. These data indicate the presence of multiple strains similar to EHEC but less pathogenic. These findings have important ramifications for the rapid detection of presumptive EHEC; namely, that current immunological or PCR assays cannot reliably identify water-borne EHEC strains.     

大肠杆菌FC40系统静止期突变中的F因子转移

本研究采用大肠杆菌GM133 rifr细胞和营养收集细胞HB214 strr进行适应性突变实验。在混合30min和2d 后添加链霉素杀死GM133基因型细胞,继续培养5d后,在选择平板上出现了一定数量的lac+strr基因型回复突变菌落。根据这些突变菌落的数量,估计在lac+突变产生之前,GM133和HB214细胞之间的接合频率分别为0.07%和7.47%。在培养了7d的选择平板上添加含链霉素的M9选择培养基,2d 后也观察到大量发生lac+突变但没有形成肉眼可见菌落的营养收集细胞。此外,在lac+突变发生后,也有F因子从GM133细胞转移进入HB214细胞。这些事实表明,在FC40系统的适应性突变实验中发生了真正的F因子转移。Abstract:The experiment of adaptive mutation was performed by using Escherichia coli GM133 rifr as test cells and HB214 strr as scavenger cells.Transfer frequency between GM133 and HB214 was estimated,based on the number of revertants appeared on the selective plates when GM133 were killed by addition of M9 selective medium containing 100μg/mL of streptomycin at different time.After 30 minutes the cells of GM133 and HB214 were mixed,the estimated transfer frequency was about 0.07%,and two days,7.47%.After selection of 7 days,some HB214 cells with F` factor from GM133 cells and lac+ mutation were observed,but these cells failed to form the colonies which can be seen by the naked-eye.It was demonstrated that actual F` factor transfer events from test cells GM133 to scavenger cells HB214 occurred during the selection.     

微重力诱变大肠杆菌快速生长突变株特性

利用旋转培养装置处理大肠杆菌,筛选生长曲线发生变化、提前进入对数期的突变菌株,对菌株进行基因芯片的表达谱分析和质谱分析,研究微重力条件下微生物的生理代谢变化和对微重力条件的适应机制。结果发现突变菌株有114个差异表达基因,其中99个基因表达上调。表达上调基因主要集中在ABC转运系统、糖代谢、三羧酸代谢、磷酸转移酶系统、核酸代谢、脂类代谢等方面。质谱分析从蛋白水平上验证了这个结果。表明经过微重力处理可以筛选到生长加快的菌株,生长加快是菌株相关代谢水平上调的结果。空间微重力通过对微生物生长代谢相关基因的影响来使菌株适应空间环境。     

The Nature of the Nucleotide at the 5' Side of the tRNA Su9 Anticodon Affects UGA Suppression in Escherichia coli

In Escherichia coli a UGA codon can be efficiently suppressedby a suppressor tRNA^Trp called Su9. Here, we show that the levelof UGA suppression is determined by the nature of the nucleotideat the 5' side of the anticodon of the suppressor (position33). UGA suppression occurs when a pyrimidine residue is locatedin position 33 of the tRNA, and suppression is more efficientwith a U than with a C in this position. On the other hand,when a purine residue is located at this position UGA suppressionis extremely low. These results show that in the case of tRNASu9, the UGA codon context effect does not require base pairingbetween the nucleotide at the 3' side of the codon and the 5'side of the anticodon.     

Alkaline phosphatase isozyme conversion by cell-free extract of Escherichia coli

Isozyme type 1 of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli K-12 was converted to types 2 and 3 after incubation of type 1 isozyme with the supernatant of a sonicated cell-free extract prepared from the cells carrying the cloned iap+ gene on a multi-copy plasmid. By comparison, the lysate prepared from cells carrying the iap+ gene only on the chromosome showed much less isozyme-converting activity. The reaction was promoted by Mg2+ at concentrations of 10 to 50 mM. Protease inhibitors, antipain and leupeptin which inhibit the isozyme conversion in vivo, also inhibited the isozyme conversion in vitro. These results suggest that cells carrying the multiple copy iap+ plasmid overproduce a kind of proteolytic enzyme which removes the amino-terminal arginine residues from isozymes 1 and 2.     

一种用质粒DNA转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞的实用操作技巧

目的是建立一种简化、实用的用质粒DNA转化大肠杆菌的操作方法.采用氯化钙法制备大肠杆菌感受态细胞.以质粒pUC18,pCSN44,pAN52-1Not,pETts,pANth和植物双元表达栽体pCAMBIA1301分别转化用于质粒扩增与保存的常用大肠杆菌菌株Top10和DH5α以及用于原核表达的常用大肠杆菌菌株BL21(DE3)和TB1.质粒与感受态细胞的混合液置冰上作用一定时间后,直接涂布含有筛选抗生素的LB平板,于37℃培养12～16h.结果表明,用不同大小的质粒DNA转化不同的大肠杆菌菌株,都可以获得满足实验要求,转化效率可高达103～4阳性克隆/μg.该方法较标准的转化流程更加简便、省时、实用.     

An amino acid substitution that blocks the deacylation step in the enzyme mechanism of penicillin-binding protein 5 of Escherichia coli

A mutant of Escherichia coli has been described that produces an altered form of penicillin-binding protein 5 which still binds penicillin but is unable to catalyse the release of the bound penicilloyl moiety. We show that the mutation is caused by a single nucleotide transition that results in a change from glycine at residue 105 of the wild-type sequence of penicillin-binding protein 5 to aspartate in the mutant.     

Allelic subtyping of the intimin locus (eae) of pathogenic Escherichia coli by fluorescent RFLP

Intimin is a highly polymorphic protein encoded by the eae gene and plays a crucial role in the attaching-effacing phenotype of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and related pathogens. We have developed a method to quickly and accurately uncover allelic variation at the eae locus through the use of fluorescent RFLP (fRFLP). Application of fRFLP to 151 eae -positive strains (including the newly described Escherichia albertii ) revealed 26 different fRFLP types that correspond to 20 of the 28 previously described eae alleles. Two sequence variants of the γ, ι, κ, and ζ alleles and three variants of ɛ were also observed. In addition to being reliable and accurate, the method can be easily adapted to accommodate new eae allelic sequences, as they become known.     

大肠杆菌甘油激酶基因(glpK)和甘油脱氢酶基因(gldA)的敲除及其对甘油产量的影响

利用Red重组系统构建了大肠杆菌JM109甘油激酶基因(glpK)和甘油脱氢酶基因(gldA)缺失的双突变菌株JM109B,然后将表达酿酒酵母3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶基因(GPD1)和3-磷酸甘油酯酶基因(HOR2)的质粒pSE-gpd1-hor2转化到JM109B突变菌株中,在含1%葡萄糖的摇瓶发酵培养基中37℃发酵24 h,甘油的最高产量为5.61 g/L,是原始菌株JM109/pSE-gpd1-hor2甘油产量的1.59倍;在30 L发酵罐中发酵28 h,甘油的最高产量为103.12 g/L,是原始菌株JM109/pSE-gpd1-hor2甘油产量的1.59倍,是原始菌株BL21/pSE-gpd1-hor2甘油产量的1.41倍,葡萄糖转化率为50.39%。