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摘要:【目的】微生物诱导碳酸盐矿物沉淀机理的研究有可能为CO2的矿物捕获提供科学依据。【方法】本研究在Mg/Ca 为2的B4培养基中对赖氨酸芽孢杆菌GW-2菌株进行了为期50天的培养实验,同时完成了一组无菌对照实验。在实验过程中,对沉淀物重量、培养液的pH值、电导率及其中细菌数量、Ca2+ 和Mg2+浓度等进行了动态监测。利用扫描电子显微镜对矿物形态进行了跟踪观察,利用X-射线衍射仪对矿物成分进行了测定。【结果】(1)在对GW-2菌株进行培养的过程中发现,沉淀物的质量随着培养时间的延长而逐
渐增加,而在无菌对照实验中未收集到沉淀物;(2)各时间段平均沉淀速率与细菌数量之间(r=0.67,P<0.05)、沉淀物质量与培养液pH值之间(r=0.79,P<0.05)均具有显著的正相关关系;(3)沉淀物质量与电导率、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度均呈极显著的负相关关系(r分别为0.89、0.93和0.98,P<0.001);(4)在赖氨酸芽孢杆菌作用下,3种碳酸盐矿物按如下顺序先后形成:非晶态碳酸钙→碳钙镁石→高镁方解石。【结论】(1)赖氨酸芽孢杆菌GW-2菌株具有诱导碳酸盐矿物形成的能力;(2)细菌数量是控制碳酸盐矿物沉淀的直接因素,而较高的pH值是碳酸盐沉淀的必要条件;(3)电导率以及Ca2+和Mg2+浓度的明显降低可以间接地指示碳酸盐矿物沉淀的发生;(4)碳钙镁石可能主要是非晶态碳酸钙经过老化作用而形成,碳钙镁石可能经脱镁作用转变为高镁方解石。 相似文献
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【目的】白云石(Dolomite)是一种含有钙镁的碳酸盐矿物[CaMg(CO3)2],广泛存在于陆地和海洋等环境并常与油气埋藏共存。尽管白云石(或岩)的发现已经有三百多年的历史,但是对白云石的成因仍然没有定论,地质学上称之为"白云石之谜"。20世纪90年代Vasconcelos C.提出了"微生物白云石模型",为白云石成因的研究带来了新的思路。但是这一模型并不完善,白云石的形成与所介导的微生物生理状态以及环境参数之间的关系不明确。另外,所有报道的实验都是在地表压强条件下进行,无法表征自然界中白云石所处的高压环境。本研究中引入压力这一环境参数,结合菌株本身生理特性参数,综合考察多重因子对微生物介导形成白云岩的影响。【方法】利用球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus sphaericus)和嗜冷芽孢八叠球菌(Sporosarcina psychrophila)两株具有尿素水解活性的细菌作为生物材料,在不同的温度(15°C和30°C)压强(常压和20 MPa)氧气浓度(常压好氧条件和常压微氧条件)不同的尿素水解活性下进行生物矿化实验。通过SEM(扫描电子显微镜)和EDS(X射线能谱分析)相结合的方法观察沉淀物形貌和矿物成分构成。通过XRD(X射线衍射分析)定性测定碳酸盐矿物沉淀物的种类。【结果】球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌和嗜冷芽孢八叠球菌在实验中所设计的所有矿化条件下都能够介导形成碳酸盐矿物沉淀。XRD和SEM检测均证实球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌在30°C的20 MPa微氧条件下能够介导形成不规则菱面型和椭球型白云石。高压条件更有助于白云石的形成。除了白云石晶体,实验中还观察到有其他矿物(如方解石,碳氢镁石,钙镁碳酸石等)。【结论】实验证实球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌和嗜冷芽孢八叠球菌具有矿化能力,特别是球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌具有介导形成白云石的能力。微生物介导形成的碳酸盐矿物组分受到微生物的代谢活性以及温度、压力等生物矿化实验条件控制。这一研究结果帮助完善"微生物白云石模型",为解释白云石的深部成因提供数据支持。 相似文献
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《生态学杂志》2014,(11)
为阐明喀斯特地区土壤演变过程(脱钙镁富铁铝化作用)中土壤特有矿物对碳释放的影响,本文以喀斯特区典型的高和低有机碳含量水平的棕色石灰土和红壤为研究对象,通过80 d室内培养试验,研究土壤碳释放(有机碳和无机碳)对添加土壤中特有矿物质(Ca14CO3和Fe(OH)3)的响应。结果表明:添加Ca14CO3和Fe(OH)3均对棕色石灰土和红壤中原有碳的释放有正激发效应,以前者(培养结束时土壤原有碳累积释放量为823.8~1367.2 mg·kg-1)显著大于后者(502.5~635.7 mg·kg-1),说明喀斯特地区土壤由富钙镁的石灰土向富铁铝的红壤演变过程可能是土壤碳库逐渐稳定的过程。添加Ca14CO3和Fe(OH)3后,土壤原有碳的累积释放量的大小与土壤有机碳本身含量水平密切相关,均以高量有机碳红壤低量有机碳红壤和石灰土高量有机碳石灰土(P0.05)。培养过程中,无论是添加Ca14CO3还是Fe(OH)3,土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量与碳释放激发效应的变化趋势一致,表明DOC可用于指示棕色石灰土和红壤激发效应强弱。土壤微生物生物量碳与碳释放激发效应的变化趋势不一致,说明添加Ca14CO3或Fe(OH)3对土壤原有碳的激发效应主要源于外源物添加后改变了土壤物理和化学环境,而土壤微生物的贡献相对较少。 相似文献
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【目的】为了探讨细菌对碳酸盐矿物种类和形态的影响。【方法】本文利用丛毛单胞菌HJ-1菌株进行了持续50 d的培养实验。在实验过程中,对细菌数量、沉淀物重量、培养液中Ca2+和Mg2+浓度等进行了动态监测。利用扫描电子显微镜对矿物形态进行了观察,并利用X-射线衍射仪对矿物成分进行测定。【结果】丛毛单胞菌HJ-1菌株具有显著的诱导碳酸盐矿物沉淀的能力,碳酸盐矿物的重量随着培养时间的延长而逐渐增加。X-射线衍射结果表明,形成的碳酸盐沉淀主要由文石和高镁方解石组成,其中文石的最高含量达86%。上述矿物在形态上复杂多样,主要有杆状、柱状、哑铃形、球状和板状以及不规则状和鳞片状集合体。【结论】通常,在Mg/Ca≤2并且有微生物参与的条件下极少形成文石。本文在Mg/Ca为2,不含碳酸根离子的培养基中培养HJ-1菌株的过程中发现了文石。作者认为,低Mg/Ca条件下文石的形成主要与HJ-1菌株分泌较多的胞外多糖有关。 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献