幽门螺杆菌CagA蛋白N端片段的表达、纯化及其与磷脂酰丝氨酸的亲和力检测

目的:表达和纯化幽门螺杆菌不同菌株的CagA蛋白N端片段,检测其与磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)的相互作用及亲和力。方法:用PCR方法从幽门螺杆菌3个菌株中扩增出CagA蛋白N端基因,并连接到表达载体pET-28a上;转化大肠杆菌BL21,经IPTG诱导可溶性表达CagA蛋白N端880残基片段;经镍柱亲和纯化后,利用PLOA法检测CagA蛋白与PS的相互作用。结果:构建了3种幽门螺杆菌菌株cagA基因的原核表达质粒pET-28a/cagAJ99、pET-28a/cagA11637及pET-28a/cagASS1,并在大肠杆菌中获得可溶性表达,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹证实得到目标融合蛋白,亲和纯化得到高纯度CagA蛋白。PLOA结果表明,CagA蛋白与PS有明显的相互作用。结论:3种幽门螺杆菌菌株CagA蛋白与PS之间存在相互作用,且不同的CagA与PS有不同的亲和力。     

幽门螺杆菌cagA克隆表达

克隆表达4株幽门螺杆菌的cagA基因,以方便地获得大鼠CagA蛋白和重组表达质粒,为临床诊断CagA阳性幽门螺杆菌感染,以及进一步研究不同类型CagA功能及其与疾病关系提供材料。PCR扩增幽门螺杆菌的cagA基因,克隆至PinPoint^TMXa-1T载体,酶切鉴定连接方向,IPTG诱导正向连接克隆表达CagA融合蛋白并进行SDS－PAGE和Western blots鉴定。结果显示PCR扩增得到3.5-3.8kb的CagA基因,PCR及酶切鉴定得到正向连接的重组克隆,SDS－PAGE及Western blots证实正向连接的重组克隆表达CagA融合蛋白。构建了4种cagA的重组表达质粒,通过转化同一宿主菌可研究不同CagA的功能和致病性差异;通过亲和层析纯化融合蛋白可获大量CagA蛋白,用于血清学诊断CagA阳性幽门螺杆菌感染,及不同抗原性CagA与疾病之间的关系。     

幽门螺杆菌CagA蛋白研究进展

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)分泌的许多毒力因子与胃部疾病有关,其中毒素相关基因A(cytotoxin-associated gene A,cagA)表达的蛋白CagA得到特别关注.cag致病岛(cag pathogenicity island,cagPAI)编码的Ⅳ型分泌系统(T4SS)将CagA运输到胃上皮细胞,一旦进入胃上皮细胞,CagA通过依赖或不依赖酪氨酸磷酸化与多种细胞蛋白作用,调控细胞生长和运动相关的信号通路,使胃上皮细胞发生转化而致癌变.     

利用杆状病毒表达幽门螺杆菌cagA基因

幽门螺杆菌cagA基因克隆到杆状病毒表达系统的 pBlueBacHis2A转移载体中 ,将重组质粒 pBlueBacHis2A CagA与亲本病毒Bac N blueDNA共转染Sf9细胞 ,以空斑法纯化获得的重组杆状病毒。经PCR法鉴定后进行扩增培养 ,SDS PAGE和Westernbolt检测结果证实所表达的蛋白为CagA蛋白 ,间接ELISA分析表明 ,表达产物可与Hp感染者血清发生特异性的免疫反应     

幽门螺杆菌VacA和CagA的研究进展

幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染呈全球性分布,多数地区感染达50%,细胞空泡毒素(VacA)及细胞毒相关蛋白(CagA)在Hp致病过程中起重要作用.不同Hp菌株的VacA和CagA存在基因型和表型的差异.研究Hp的vacA和cagA基因及其产物对于进一步阐明与临床的关系、Hp感染疾病的防治都有十分重要的意义.     

儿童幽门螺杆菌及CagA阳性感染的临床研究

目的探讨非侵入性检查方法对儿童幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)的诊断及治疗价值。方法对2004年10月至2005年12月在梅县人民医院门诊及住院154例慢性反复腹痛患儿进行粪便幽门螺杆菌抗原(HPSA)血清(H.pylori)抗体(HP-Ab)及产细胞毒素相关蛋白(CagA)、H.pylori检查测验,并对CagA阳性患者于短程三联抗H.pylori干预治疗。结果154例患儿中H.pylori阳性33.8%(52/154),CagA阳性61.5%(32/52)。H.pylori阳性及CagA阳性者以上腹疼痛,恶心呕吐多于H.pylori阴性患者,但它们之间差异无显著性,P>0.05;H.pylori阳性及CagA阳性与H.pylori阴性者病程上差异无显著性,P>0.05。对CagA阳性干预治疗后4周临床症状消失达90.6%(29/32),HPSA转阴率为87.5(28/32),结论H.pylori阳性及CagA阳性与否不能以临床表现作为判断标准,H.pylori及CagA的检测可作为对儿童特别是幼儿诊断H.pylori感染及治疗后复查,简便,患儿易接受,特别适用基层的一种非侵入性检测方法。     

幽门螺杆菌毒素蛋白CagA诱导的蛋白的差异表达分析及其基因在胃癌组织中的表达

为了研究胃癌细胞中幽门螺杆菌(Hp)毒素蛋白CagA诱导的蛋白差异表达及其基因在人胃癌组织中的表达,用Hp感染胃癌细胞系SGC 7901和AGS及用含CagA基因的表达载体稳定转染SGC 7901细胞, 构建3组实验模型.提取各组细胞的总蛋白进行双向凝胶电泳,筛选3组重叠的差异表达蛋白质斑点进行质谱鉴定.共获得135个差异表达的蛋白质,其中上调蛋白质73个,下调蛋白质62个. 鉴定出10个差异表达蛋白质, 其中有6个差异表达蛋白是首次发现,它们主要参与细胞的能量代谢和信号转导等.最后定量检测了这10个差异表达蛋白基因在人胃癌组织中的表达, 发现有4个基因高表达和1个基因低表达. 本结果将为研究幽门螺杆菌感染引起胃癌的分子机制提供新的线索.     

幽门螺杆菌CagA蛋白及其致病机制的研究进展

幽门螺杆菌感染是导致从胃炎到胃癌等一系列胃相关疾病的主要病因,但具体的致病机制仍不是很清楚。细胞毒素相关蛋白A(cytotoxin-associated gene A,Cag A)是幽门螺杆菌编码的一种重要毒力因子,且作为细菌来源的唯一癌蛋白被大量研究。Cag A蛋白是由幽门螺杆菌Ⅳ型分泌系统介导并注入宿主胃上皮细胞内,一旦进入细胞,Cag A能够与多个分子发生相互作用,扰乱细胞正常的信号通路,引起细胞病变和转化,而动物实验也证明了Cag A蛋白的致癌特点。本文重点对Cag A蛋白的序列特征,转位方式及致病机制等方面的最新进展进行了综述,希望能进一步阐释Cag A介导的幽门螺杆菌的致病机制,为以后的研究提供一定的方向和指导。     

幽门螺杆菌东、西方株CagA的序列差异及其对胃癌细胞生长与凋亡的影响

【背景】幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)是胃癌的主要致病因素,其分泌的细胞毒素相关基因A蛋白(Cytotoxin associated gene A,CagA)是目前已知唯一能被H.pylori注入胃上皮细胞并模拟细胞内蛋白发挥作用的癌蛋白,参与胃癌的发生发展。【目的】比较H.pylori东亚株和西方株CagA结构差异,初步探讨H.pylori-CagA对胃癌细胞增殖与凋亡的影响。【方法】对H.pylori东亚株和西方株CagA的核酸及氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析,构建含东亚株和西方株cagA基因的真核表达载体,转染胃癌细胞AGS,用Western blot法检测CagA蛋白的表达,用CCK8法测定细胞的生长曲线,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。【结果】生物信息学分析发现H.pylori东亚、西方菌株CagA的核酸序列和氨基酸序列均存在特征性差异。构建了含东亚、西方菌株cagA基因的表达载体[命名为GZ7/cagA(东亚株)和26695/cagA(西方株)]。与空载体组比较,GZ7/cagA和26695/cagA转染组均表达CagA蛋白,两组比较表达量无显著性差异,GZ7/cagA转染组细胞生长显著增加,而26695/cagA转染组细胞生长显著降低(P0.05)。GZ7/cagA转染组、26695/cagA转染组细胞的凋亡率分别为7.23±0.96及9.17±1.40,均高于空载体组(5.03±0.63),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。【结论】东亚株与西方株CagA之间有结构和功能的差异,东亚株CagA能促进细胞增殖,而西方株CagA却抑制细胞增殖,但两者均能促进细胞凋亡。     

幽门螺杆菌vacA和cag毒力岛基因的变异、表达及其临床意义

所有幽门螺杆菌菌株均有vacA基因,但部分菌株不表达VacA蛋白,不同的vacA等位基因组合后组成sla/ml、sla／m2、slb／m1、elh／m2、s2／m1和s2／m2等亚型。cag毒力岛是部分幽门蠕杆菌具有的与致病力相关的基因组。CagA和VacA可能不是幽门螺杆菌不变或可靠的毒力标志,不能单纯以I型菌株(CagA^ ／VacA^ )和Ⅱ型酋株(CagA^-／VacA^-)来区分细菌致病性强弱。幽门螺杆菌的毒力具有宿主依赖性,其遗传多样性和毒力因子差异、基因型地理分布不同、宿主易感性及环境因素不同也可能手致感染后出现不同的临床结局。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000     

Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin

The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.     

Synthesis of hapten and conjugates of coumestrol and development of immunoassay

3-O-Carboxymethylcoumestrol was prepared as the hapten for immunoassay by a partial alkylation of coumestrol with ethyl chloroacetate in acetone alkalized with potassium carbonate. 3-O-Ethoxycarbonylmethylcoumestrol was separated by column chromatography and finally was hydrolyzed with formic acid. 1H and 13C NMR data (APT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) revealed that the reaction was regioselective, as 3-O-ethoxycarboxymethylcoumestrol was the only monosubstituted derivative. The hapten was then conjugated to bovine serum albumin and used for immunization of rabbits. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system was established based on the polyclonal antiserum and a 125I-labeled hapten-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate as the radioligand. Parameters of the RIA: sensitivity: 12 pg per tube, 50% intercept: 140 pg per tube, working range: 20-4000 pg per tube. The cross-reactivity of a panel isoflavonoid and lignan phytoestrogens was either negligible (e.g. formononetin 0.07%; biochanin A 0.06%) or not detectable at all. The major immunoreactive peak in HPLC fractions from an alfalfa extract had the same retention time as coumestrol standard and represented 94.8% of the signal. The remaining 5.2% of immunoreactivity was distributed between five minor peaks. We conclude that after the validation for particular matrices, the method will be a useful tool for analysis of coumestrol, especially in low volume and low concentration samples.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.     

Effect of soil salinity and water stresses on growth and content of nitrogen,chloride and phosphate of wheat and triticale

Summary Three wheats and one triticale were grown, up to flowering stage, in pots on calcareous soil adjusted to a range of salinities (S₁=3.5, S₂=6, S₃=8.5, and S₄=11 mmhos/cm, 20°C, soilpaste extract) by adding solution consisting of 3∶2∶1 of Na-, Ca- and Mg chlorides in chemical equivalent amounts. Moisture in the pots was kept at 100% (W₁), 40% (W₂) and 20% (W₃) of the available water. The vegetative growth, nitrogen and phosphate were affected by S and W treatments, chloride was affected only by S. The interaction S×W affected only dry weight. Varietal effect was observed between wheat as a group and triticale. Multiple quadratic regression equations of these properties on salinity and water revealed that the higher the available water the wider the range of tolerable salinity. Triticale was relatively more tolerant to water stress. Salinity increases Cl and decreases N, whereas water stress enhances N accumulation to a certain extent. However, in triticale at S₃ and S₄ the effect of water stress on N was overshadowed by the excessive salinity. This did not occur for the wheat (Florence). P trends were described. R² for P was low (0.7435–0.3603) which made interpretations rather difficult.