新书推介北大核心CSCD

红树林微生物天然产物化学研究 徐静编著;科学出版社化学分社;2015;页码：429;定价：128 内容简介：红树林微生物是一个寻找天然活性物质的巨大宝库,其独特的生境必然会造成独特而丰富的微生物类群。《红树林微生物天然产物化学研究》一书对红树林微生物及其代谢产物进行了全面介绍,描述化合物超过850个,其中新化合物480多个,生物活性产物270余个,系统地阐述了国内外红树林微生物来源天然产物化学研究的发展现状和研究成果。     

红树林区微生物资源

随着工业的迅猛发展,工业废料源源不断地向海洋输出,污染日趋严重。人们在大力开发海洋微生物自净能力的同时,也对海岸线的绿色卫士——红树林给予了密切关注,积极展开红树林区微生物资源的开发利用。本文从红树林区微生物库的资源多样性、微生物在物质循环和能量流动中的作用、生理活性物质、代谢产物和污染治理等几个方面进行综述。     

海洋微生物资源多样性

海洋微生物资源多样性李越中（山东大学生命科学学院微生物技术国家重点实验室济南２５０１００）陈琦（山东省农业科学院农业部绿色食品检测中心济南２５０１００）丰富的海洋微生物新资源以其广阔的应用前景,吸引了世界各国和组织的大量财力和物力的投入。海洋微生物的研究内容目前主要是天然药物提取,海洋动植物病害,污染物清理等。由于基础研究的薄弱,我们对海洋微生物的了解远远落后于陆地微生物。因此在我国海洋八六...     

海洋微生物抗肿瘤天然产物研究进展

近年来,海洋微生物已成为抗肿瘤天然产物研究的热点,目前从海洋微生物中发现了大量新的抗肿瘤天然产物。文章综述了近几年从海洋微生物(海洋放线菌、真菌和细菌)中分离得到的抗肿瘤活性天然产物的研究进展。     

海洋微生物资源及其产生生物活性代谢产物的研究

海洋微生物,尤其海洋细菌以其分类的多样性和规模而言,作为生物活性物质产生菌的潜力是巨大的。海洋微生物研究依据分离菌的生境来源可分为海水、沉积物、共栖、共生和深海菌群。生境的不同,不但影响菌群的分布,而且影响微生物代谢产物的合成。从报道的研究结果看,沉积物细菌、共栖细菌和共生细菌是海洋微生物天然药物筛选的重要来源。目前海洋微生物生物活性代谢产物资源的研究仍主要限制在那些在“标准”条件下易于生长和培养的微生物类群。本文对海洋微生物资源产生的生物活性物质的研究进展进行了综述。     

中国南海海洋真菌资源及其活性次级代谢产物研究评述

南海海域广阔,生物资源丰富多样,其中微生物资源尚未得到全面系统的研究和挖掘。本文回顾了中山大学25年来在南海微生物资源及其活性代谢产物方面的研究成果,着重介绍了近10年来本校团队研究红树林真菌资源并对其次生代谢产物开展靶向抗结核、抗炎、抗Ⅱ型糖尿病和抗肿瘤筛选的进展。最后介绍近年来我们利用中山大学海洋科考计划在西沙群岛及其海域初步开展的微生物资源的研究。     

深海细菌及其活性物质防控植物病原真菌的研究进展

近年来,从天然产物中开发生物农药成为了研究者关注的热点,海洋微生物因其独特的生存环境,产生了许多从陆地微生物中未曾发现的生物活性物质,为新型生物农药开发带来了佳音。从微生物多样性、抑菌物质的种类与结构和抑菌机理3个方面阐述深海细菌防控植物病原真菌的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望,以期为抗植物病原真菌的海洋微生物的开发利用提供参考。     

海洋真菌代谢产物STb对垂体瘤GH3细胞的毒性作用及其机制探讨

垂体腺瘤是一种严重影响患者生活质量的良性肿瘤,从海洋天然产物筛选具有高效低毒的抗肿瘤药物是目前新药研究的趋势。本实验通过用大鼠垂体瘤GH3细胞系对中山大学化工学院提供的海洋化合物STb（我国南海红树林真菌代谢产物）进行抗垂体瘤活性的筛选,期望能够从海洋天然产物中寻找一种高效的抗垂体瘤药物。     

海洋微生物资源及其产生生物活性代谢产物的研究

海洋微生物,尤其海洋细菌以其分类的多样性和规模而言,作为生物活性物质产生菌的潜力是巨大的。海洋微生物研究依据分离菌的生境来源可分为海水、沉积物、共栖、共生和深海菌群。生境的不同,不但影响菌群的分布,而且影响微生物工谢产物的合成。从报道的研究结果看,沉积物细菌、共栖细菌和共生细菌是海洋微生物天然药物筛选的重要来源。目前海洋微生物生物活笥代谢产物资源的研究仍主要限制在那些在“标准”条件下易于生长和培养     

链霉菌次级代谢物及其应用研究进展

链霉菌作为一种普遍存在于土壤中的微生物资源,因其能产生新药用抗生素等一些天然活性物质,具有巨大的商业和医用开发价值。主要从抗生素、酶类和其他成分3个方面综述了近年来从陆地、海洋和一些极端环境等生境中分离出的链霉菌及其所产生次级代谢产物的新的类型,并对这些新型代谢产物在农业、医药和环境修复等不同领域潜在应用前景进行总结。     

湛江沿海潮间带产胞外纤溶活性酶类海洋真菌的生物多样性分析

【目的】研究湛江沿海硇洲岛和徐闻珊瑚礁自然保护区潮间带产胞外纤溶酶样酶和纤溶酶原激活物海洋真菌的生物多样性,为发掘新型溶栓药物奠定基础。【方法】采用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)和酵母膏蛋白胨葡萄糖(YPD)培养基分离培养海洋真菌,采用真菌r DNA转录间隔区1-5.8S r DNA-转录间隔区2(ITS1-5.8S-ITS2)片段的序列分析及其系统进化树构建的方法鉴定分离培养的海洋真菌,采用脱脂牛奶马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(SM-PDA)培养基培养法筛选产胞外蛋白酶的海洋真菌,采用海水纤维蛋白马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(FN-PDA)培养基培养法筛选产胞外纤溶酶样酶和/或纤溶酶原激活物的海洋真菌。【结果】从湛江沿海的硇洲岛和徐闻珊瑚礁自然保护区潮间带分离、培养和鉴定了海洋真菌446株,含真菌的98个种,分布于真菌域子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)的6个纲、18个目、46个科、65个属;其中产胞外蛋白酶的海洋真菌有265株,61个种,分布于41个属;产胞外纤溶酶样酶的海洋真菌有67株,22个种,分布于14个属;产胞外纤溶酶原激活物的海洋真菌有84株,23种,分布于13个属;优势属为曲霉属(Aspergillus),其次为青霉属(Penicillium)。【结论】湛江沿海潮间带可分离培养的产胞外纤溶酶样酶和纤溶酶原激活物的海洋真菌物种丰富多样,是发掘新型溶栓药的丰富资源。     

Design and synthesis of spiro[indole-thiazolidine]spiro[indole-pyrans] as antimicrobial agents

A series of novel spiro[indole-thiazolidine]spiro[indole-pyran] derivatives were synthesized from N-(bromoalkyl)indol-2,3-diones via monospiro-bisindole intermediates; the two indole nuclei being connected via N-(CH(2))(n)-N linker. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities in vitro against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermis), four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumonia) as well as four fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans) using Cup plate method. Bis spiro-indoles exhibited stronger antibacterial and antifungal efficiency than their corresponding mono spiro-indoles. Compound 10e, the most active derivative was shown to inhibit the growth of all bacterial strains and two fungal strains (A. niger and C. albicans).     

CTBT (7-chlorotetrazolo[5,1-c]benzo[1,2,4]triazine) producing ROS affects growth and viability of filamentous fungi

CTBT (7-chlorotetrazolo[5,1-c]benzo[1,2,4]triazine) causes intracellular superoxide production and oxidative stress and enhances the susceptibility of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, and C.?glabrata cells to cycloheximide, 5-fluorocytosine, and azole antimycotic drugs. Here, we demonstrate the antifungal activity of CTBT against 14 tested filamentous fungi. CTBT prevented spore germination and mycelial proliferation of Aspergillus niger and the pathogenic Aspergillus fumigatus. The action of CTBT is fungicidal. CTBT increased the formation of reactive oxygen species in fungal mycelium as detected by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and reduced the radial growth of colonies in a dose-dependent manner. Co-application of CTBT and itraconazole led to complete inhibition of fungal growth at dosages lower than the chemicals alone. Antifungal and chemosensitizing activities of CTBT in filamentous fungi may be useful in combination treatments of infections caused by drug-resistant fungal pathogens.     

Screening of antifungal activity of various plant leaves extracts from Indian plants

The present study was designated to evaluate the antifungal activity and to root out the antifungal plant leaf extracts from this Indian folk-flore. The in vitro antifungal assay was performed by agar diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water plant leaf extracts. Extraction of 17 different plant leaves was carried out in different solvents such as hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water. Among them extractive yield of methanol was maximum than the rest of the three solvents. These extracts were screened for their antifungal activity against nine different fungi. Among these ethyl acetate extracts of Adhatoda vasica, Ocimum sanctum and Holoptelea integrifolia exhibited maximum antifungal activity against Alternaria sp., Aspergillus parasi, Aspergillus nidulans, Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus flavus with MIC of 80, 40 and 20 ppm against Aspergillus nidulans and Alternaria sp. Ethyl acetate extracts showed promising antifungal activity against Adhatoda vasica, Ocimum sanctum and Holoptelea integrifolia against Aspergillus nidulans, and Alternaria sp. might be applicable as fungicide against fungal plants disease.     

具有抗哈维氏弧菌活性共生真菌HLZ-3菌株的筛选、鉴定及其培养条件

【背景】目前,海水养殖业中主要利用抗生素来防治哈维氏弧菌等病原菌,但抗生素的长期使用或滥用会对环境和人体健康带来危害,因此既环保又有效的生物防治方法具有广阔的应用前景。【目的】从海水产品共生微生物中筛选具有抗菌活性的菌株,对活性菌株进行鉴定并确定其合成抗菌活性物质的培养条件。【方法】利用沙氏和2216E培养基,以稀释涂布平板法从海水养殖动物中分离真菌和细菌;利用牛津杯法测定微生物发酵液抗水产病原哈维氏弧菌的活性;通过菌株的培养特征、形态特征和ITS序列分析对抗菌活性菌株进行鉴定;通过筛选发酵培养基的种类及盐度确定培养条件。【结果】从海蚌、白虾、海蛎子等9种样品中分离出微生物52株,其中真菌30株、细菌22株;筛选得到2株具有抗哈维氏弧菌活性的真菌菌株;其中一株活性菌株HLZ-3被鉴定为塔宾曲霉;菌株HLZ-3合成抗菌活性物质的培养条件为4%NaCl的大米培养基,28°C静置培养2周。【结论】实验结果为进一步分离纯化菌株HLZ-3所产抗菌活性次生代谢产物提供了基础。     

Exploring the Antibacterial and Antifungal Potential of Jellyfish-Associated Marine Fungi by Cultivation-Dependent Approaches

Fungi isolated from marine invertebrates are of considerable importance as new promising sources of unique secondary metabolites with significant biomedical potential. However, the cultivable fungal community harbored in jellyfish was less investigated. In this work, we seek to recover symbiotic fungi from different tissues of jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai. A total of seven morphotypes were isolated, which were assigned into four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Purpureocillium, and Tilletiopsis) from two phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) by comparing the rDNA-ITS sequences with the reference sequences in GenBank. The most fungi were found in the inner tissues of subumbrella. Two of the cultivation-independent procedures, changing media type and co-cultivation, were employed to maximize the complexity of metabolites. Thus, thirteen EtOAc gum were obtained and fingerprinted by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a photodiode array (PDA) detector. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of these complex mixtures were tested against a panel of bacterial and fungal pathogens. The antimicrobial results showed that all of the 13 EtOAc extracts displayed different levels of antibacterial activity, three of which exhibited strong to significant antibacterial activity to the bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella entrica. Antifungal activity indicated that the EtOAc extracts from pure culture of Aspergillus versicolor and co-culture of A. versicolor and Tilletiopsis sp. in rice media were promising for searching new compounds, with the maximal mycelial growth inhibition of 82.32% ± 0.61% for Rhizoctonia solani and 48.41% ± 11.02% for Botrytis cinerea at 200 μg/ml, respectively. This study is the first report on the antibacterial and antifungal activity of jellyfish-associated fungi and allows the first sight into cultivable fungal community residing in jellyfish. Induced metabolites by cultivation-dependent approaches provides a new reservoir for drug discovery from jellyfish-derived fungi.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of guanylsulfonamides

A series of guanylsulfonamides, 2-amino-9-[2-substituted-4-(4-substituted piperidin-1-sulfonyl)phenyl]-1,9-dihydropurin-6-ones, was synthesized by adopting reductive aminoformylation of 2-amino-5-nitro-6-[4-(piperidin-1-sulfonyl)phenylamino]-3H-pyrimidin- 4-one and subsequent intramolecular ring condensation as key steps. All the guanylsulfonamides were assayed for their in vitro antibacterial activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis, and their antifungal activities against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans. Of the guanylsulfonamides, 13e and 13f displayed better antibacterial activities than that of Norfloxacin against the bacterial strains S. aureus and S. faecalis except 13f against S. faecalis, which exhibited the activity similar to that of Norfloxacin. Against the fungal strains A. flavus and A. niger, 13g and 13h showed similar activities to that of Griseoflavin-16 except 13h against A. niger, which displayed a profound drop in the activity compared to that of Griseoflavin-16. The remarkable inhibition of the growth of the bacterial and fungal strains makes these substances promising microbial agents.     

Screening of Brazilian basidiomycetes for antimicrobial activity

A total of 103 isolates of basidiomycetes, representing 84 species from different Brazilian ecosystems, were evaluated for their antifungal and antibacterial activity in a panel of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. Tissue plugs of the fruiting bodies were cultivated in liquid media and the whole culture extracted with ethyl acetate. Crude extracts from Agaricus cf. nigrecentulus, Agrocybe perfecta, Climacodon pulcherrimus, Gloeoporus thelephoroides, Hexagonia hydnoides, Irpex lacteus, Leucoagaricus cf. cinereus, Marasmius cf. bellus, Marasmius sp., Nothopanus hygrophanus, Oudemansiella canarii, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Phellinus sp., and Tyromyces duracinus presented significant activity against one or more of the target microorganisms. Eight isolates were active only against bacteria while three inhibited exclusively the growth of fungi. Two extracts presented wide antimicrobial spectrum and were active against both fungi and bacteria. Differences in the bioactivity of extracts obtained from isolates from the same species were observed.     

Bestowing antifungal and antibacterial activities by lipophilic acid conjugation to D,L-amino acid-containing antimicrobial peptides: a plausible mode of action

The dramatically increased frequency of opportunistic fungal infections has prompted research to diversify the arsenal of antifungal agents. Antimicrobial peptides constitute a promising family for future antibiotics with a new mode of action. However, only a few are effective against fungal pathogens because of their ability to self-assemble. Recently, we showed that the conjugation of fatty acids to the potent antibacterial peptide magainin endowed it with antifungal activity concomitant with an increase in its oligomeric state in solution. To investigate whether a high potency of the parental peptide is prerequisite for antifungal activity, we conjugated undecanoic acid (UA) and palmitic acid (PA) to inactive diastereomers of magainin containing four d-amino acids ([D]-4-magainin), as well as to a weakly active diastereomeric lytic peptide containing Lys and Leu ([D]-K(5)L(7)). All lipopeptides gained potent activity toward Cryptococcus neoformans. Most importantly, [D]-K(5)L(7)-UA was highly potent against all microorganisms tested, including bacteria, yeast, and opportunistic fungi. All lipopeptides increased the permeability of Escherichia coli spheroplasts and intact C. neoformans, as well as their corresponding membranes, phosphatidylethanol (PE)/phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC)/PE/phosphatidylinositol (PI)/ergosterol, respectively. The extent of membrane-permeating activity correlated with their biological function, suggesting that the plasma membrane was one of their major targets. Circular dichroism (CD) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that their mode of oligomerization in solution, structure, and organization in membranes have important roles regarding their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Together with the advantage of using diastereomers versus all l-amino acid peptides, this study paves the way to the design of a new group of potent antifungal peptides urgently needed to combat opportunistic fungal infection.     

石花菜和海蒿子提取物抗菌活性初步研究

采用圆形纸片法,对石花菜和海蒿子粗提取物及萃取得到的不同极性组分进行抗菌实验。结果表明,石花菜和海蒿子均有不同程度的抗菌作用,海蒿子粗取物的抗细菌活性强于抗真菌活性,而石花菜乙醇提取物抗黑曲霉活性大于抗大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及枯草杆菌活性,其抑菌圈可达4 mm。