共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 12 毫秒
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Javier Canales Concepción ávila Francisco R. Cantón David Pacheco-Villalobos Sara Díaz-Moreno David Ariza Juan J. Molina-Rueda Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo M. Gonzalo Claros Francisco M. Cánovas 《Trees - Structure and Function》2012,26(2):609-619
The shoots of young conifer trees represent an interesting model to study the development and growth of conifers from meristematic
cells in the shoot apex to differentiated tissues at the shoot base. In this work, microarray analysis was used to monitor
contrasting patterns of gene expression between the apex and the base of maritime pine shoots. A group of differentially expressed
genes were selected and validated by examining their relative expression levels in different sections along the stem, from
the top to the bottom. After validation of the microarray data, additional gene expression analyses were also performed in
the shoots of young maritime pine trees exposed to different levels of ammonium nutrition. Our results show that the apex
of maritime pine trees is extremely sensitive to conditions of ammonium excess or deficiency, as revealed by the observed
changes in the expression of stress-responsive genes. This new knowledge may be used to precocious detection of early symptoms
of nitrogen nutritional stresses, thereby increasing survival and growth rates of young trees in managed forests. 相似文献
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Natural seedling regeneration and establishment after stand replacing wildfires is influenced by a series of environmental
and biological constraints. In this study, we characterized the diversity and structure of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal
community associated with post-fire naturally regenerated maritime pine saplings, and individuate the environmental factors
responsible for fungal species distribution. We also identify the main environmental factors responsible for maritime pine
regeneration variability and assessed the relation between saplings performance and ECM fungal diversity indices. Fungal species
were identified by direct sequencing of internal transcribed spacer regions. Five years after the disturbance event, a total
of 30 taxa colonized the pine saplings. The ECM fungal community was dominated by ruderal species of the genus Rhizopogon (present in almost half of the samples). Almost one third of the identified ECM fungal species belonged to the family Thelephoraceae. Typical k-selected species like Amanita pantherina, Boletus aestivalis, Lactarius chrysorrheus, and Russula densifolia were found on pine saplings collected in proximity of unburnt pine trees, in correspondence with low erosion extents. Pine
regeneration varied throughout the study areas and was enhanced at higher elevations, in correspondence with moderate slopes,
shallower soils, and a reduced cover of ericaceous shrubs and bare ground. These conditions were found in close proximity
to patches of pine trees that survived the disturbance event and were previously characterized by a higher pre-fire pine biomass.
Even though no correlations were found between saplings performance and ECM fungal diversity indices, common environmental
factors (i.e., ericaceous shrub cover, extent of erosion, slope, and soil depth) were responsible for shaping the ECM fungal
distribution and for describing most of the explained regeneration variability. 相似文献
4.
A. I. DE-LUCAS S. C. GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍNEZ† G. G. VENDRAMIN‡ E. HIDALGO M. HEUERTZ†§ 《Molecular ecology》2009,18(22):4564-4576
Habitat fragmentation, i.e., the reduction of populations into small isolated remnants, is expected to increase spatial genetic structure (SGS) in plant populations through nonrandom mating, lower population densities and potential aggregation of reproductive individuals. We investigated the effects of population size reduction and genetic isolation on SGS in maritime pine ( Pinus pinaster Aiton) using a combined experimental and simulation approach. Maritime pine is a wind-pollinated conifer which has a scattered distribution in the Iberian Peninsula as a result of forest fires and habitat fragmentation. Five highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellites were genotyped in a total of 394 individuals from two population pairs from the Iberian Peninsula, formed by one continuous and one fragmented population each. In agreement with predictions, SGS was significant and stronger in fragments ( Sp = 0.020 and Sp = 0.026) than in continuous populations, where significant SGS was detected for one population only ( Sp = 0.010). Simulations suggested that under fat-tailed dispersal, small population size is a stronger determinant of SGS than genetic isolation, while under normal dispersal, genetic isolation has a stronger effect. SGS was always stronger in real populations than in simulations, except if unrealistically narrow dispersal and/or high variance of reproductive success were modelled (even when accounting for potential overestimation of SGS in real populations as a result of short-distance sampling). This suggests that factors such as nonrandom mating or selection not considered in the simulations were additionally operating on SGS in Iberian maritime pine populations. 相似文献
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Asset G Baugé E Wolff RL Fruchart JC Dallongeville J 《Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids》2000,62(5):307-310
The goal of this study was to compare the lipid lowering properties of maritime pine and fish oils in apolipoprotein E-deficient (KOE) mice, an animal model of hyperlipidemia. KOE mice were supplemented with either lard, fish or maritime pine oil (10% w/w) for one month. Compared to lard, fish and maritime pine oils decreased cholesterol (-31% and -52% respectively) and phospholipid (-41 and -52%) levels and increased triglyceride (+182% and +123%) levels. These lipid changes resulted in an enrichment in triglycerides and a depletion in cholesterol of VLDL+IDL plasma fraction as compared to lard-fed mice. These findings suggest that VLDL-triglyceride lipolysis is impaired in KOE mice fed fish or maritime pine oil. 相似文献
6.
The scale insect Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) contributes to the production of pine honey in Turkey and Greece via the honeydew excreted when it feeds on pine trees. Although it is an insect of prime economic importance, there is no information on its genetic structure. Preliminary data were obtained based on sequencing analysis of 12s rDNA and COI mtDNA gene segments from samples from four areas of Turkey. Sequences of the 12s rDNA gene segment from Greek samples available in GenBank were also included. No variability was detected concerning the COI mtDNA gene segment analysis, although 13 haplotypes were revealed based on the 12s rDNA gene segment. The most distant population was from Mudanya-Bursa Province (Turkey). Further research is necessary on the genetic structure and variability of M. hellenica populations from the two neighboring countries. 相似文献
7.
This paper studies the craniological variability of closely related species—the pine marten Martes martes, the American marten M. americana, and the sable M. zibellina. The study included the data on 22 nonmetric characters of skulls in 2344 individuals. The studied Martes species were revealed to have an evident species-specific manifestation of the investigated craniological characters. Sables stand apart most of all in the interspecific comparison of populations. The degree of epigenetic variability is somewhat higher in the sable than in the pine marten. The American marten significantly differs from Eurasian species in the manifestation of the nonmetric skull characters, which is noted when analyzing even a small number of samples. 相似文献
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Delphine Grivet Komlan Avia Aleksia Vaattovaara Andrew J. Eckert David B. Neale Outi Savolainen Santiago C. González‐Martínez 《Molecular ecology》2017,26(24):6857-6870
Comparing related organisms with differing ecological requirements and evolutionary histories can shed light on the mechanisms and drivers underlying genetic adaptation. Here, by examining a common set of hundreds of loci, we compare patterns of nucleotide diversity and molecular adaptation of two European conifers (Scots pine and maritime pine) living in contrasted environments and characterized by distinct population genetic structure (low and clinal in Scots pine, high and ecotypic in maritime pine) and demographic histories. We found higher nucleotide diversity in Scots pine than in maritime pine, whereas rates of new adaptive substitutions (ωa), as estimated from the distribution of fitness effects, were similar across species and among the highest found in plants. Sample size and population genetic structure did not appear to have resulted in significant bias in estimates of ωa. Moreover, population contraction–expansion dynamics for each species did not affect differentially the rate of adaptive substitution in these two pines. Several methodological and biological factors may underlie the unusually high rate of adaptive evolution of Scots pine and maritime pine. By providing two new case studies with contrasting evolutionary histories, we contribute to disentangling the multiple factors potentially affecting adaptive evolution in natural plant populations. 相似文献
10.
Josefa Gómez‐Maldonado Isabelle Lesur Noe Fernández‐Pozo Marina Rueda‐López Dario Guerrero‐Fernández Vanessa Castro‐Rodríguez Hicham Benzekri Rafael A. Cañas María‐Angeles Guevara Andreia Rodrigues Pedro Seoane Caroline Teyssier Alexandre Morel François Ehrenmann Grégoire Le Provost Céline Lalanne Céline Noirot Christophe Klopp Isabelle Reymond Angel García‐Gutiérrez Jean‐François Trontin Marie‐Anne Lelu‐Walter Celia Miguel María Teresa Cervera Francisco R. Cantón Christophe Plomion Luc Harvengt Concepción Avila M. Gonzalo Claros Francisco M. Cánovas 《Plant biotechnology journal》2014,12(3):286-299
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The bast scale Matsucoccus feytaudi is a specific pest of maritime pine, but the damage inflicted by the insect on the host trees is variable, ranging from no apparent effect to severe decline of the maritime pine stands. Rangewide variation of mitochondrial DNA among M. feytaudi populations was analysed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-RFLP-SSCP) analysis and the results compared with the genetic information already available for its host. Three main nonoverlapping lineages can be distinguished in M. feytaudi. The phylogeography of the pest population is clearly related to the history of its host. Most local associations could result from common evolution while others must be interpreted as intraspecific host shifts. Because the distribution of cultivated tree species is greatly influenced by humans, much may be learned concerning their genetic structure from the indirect study of their specific pests. 相似文献
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Initiation of somatic embryogenesis in Pinus banksiana,
P. strobus, P. pinaster, and P. sylvestris at three laboratories
in Canada and France 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Y. S. Park M. A. Lelu-Walter L. Harvengt J. F. Trontin I. MacEacheron K. Klimaszewska J. M. Bonga 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,86(1):87-101
During 2002–2004, three laboratories in Canada and France collaborated to improve initiation of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), eastern white pine (P. strobus L.), maritime pine (P. pinaster Ait.), and Scots pine (P.␣sylvestris L.), giving particular attention to the effects of (1) N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) versus various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzyladenine (BA), (2) differences in basal nutrient media, i.e., macro- and microelements, and (3) gelling agent concentration. The work was carried out separately at␣each laboratory, but the details of media compositions were shared and tested on their respective species. Results indicate that the developmental stage of the zygotic embryo (ZE) and genotype effects had a large influence on SE initiation, and that genetic effects were consistent over time. Different species responded differently to PGR types and concentration, basal nutrient media, trace elements, and their combinations. Currently, our best initiation rates based on a selected group of genotypes, optimal development stage of ZE, and medium are 3.9% for jack pine, 54.6% for eastern white pine, 76.2% for maritime pine, and 19.7% for Scots pine. 相似文献
15.
A. Humánez M. Blasco C. Brisa J. Segura I. Arrillaga 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2012,111(3):373-383
The somatic embryogenesis (SE) capacity of megagametophytes belonging to Continental and Mediterranean Spanish provenances of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) was studied, noting factors (megagametophyte developmental stage and culture medium) that enhanced the induction and establishment of SE lines. In both provenances, initiation and establishment of embryogenic calli was higher on megagametophytes in which the dominant zygotic embryo had begun to develop. In the Mediterranean provenance, however, SE lines were also established from megagametophytes enclosing zygotic embryos with well-developed cotyledons. A modified Litvay medium (mLV) containing 9.9???M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4.4???M 6-benzyladenine (BA) was superior to DCR medium containing 13.6???M 2,4-D and 4.4???M BA for SE induction, but there were no differences between media in terms of the number of SE lines established after 4?months in culture (153 vs. 155 established SE lines, for mLV and DCR media respectively). Of the 26 embryogenic lines tested for maturation, 15 (58?%) produced cotyledonary somatic embryos and 75?% of these gave rise to plants on germination medium. SE-like cultures from adult maritime pine trees were also initiated, but embryogenic lines could not be established. This is the first report on the production of SE in maritime pine of Continental and Mediterranean origin. The micropropagation protocols presented here provide an important tool for the vegetative multiplication of selected families and breeding programs for maritime pines from Spain. 相似文献
16.
Nadya Wahid Krassimir D. Naydenov Salim Kamari Abdelali Boulli Francine Tremblay 《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》2010
Pinus pinaster is one of the most popular conifers used for reforestation in Morocco and represents an economically and ecologically important species for the region. In this study, nuclear microsatellites (ncSSRs) are used to compare genetic structure and diversity estimates of natural populations of Moroccan maritime pine. Samples were collected among 10 natural populations distributed in three biogeographically different regions, the Rif Mountain, the Middle and the High Atlas. Forty-five nuclear alleles at seven variable loci were found with a mean of 6.4 alleles per locus. A number of private alleles (17.1%) were shown in populations from Rif and Middle Atlas. Moreover, in Morocco, P. pinaster showed a lower genetic diversity than in other parts of its geographic range. Significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with excess homozygosity are observed indicating a high level of mating inside populations. Genetic diversity was structured with high variability among populations (Fst = 12%). Results show a correlation between genetic and geographic distances with an R-squared of 0.436. Two clusters were found using STRUCTURE, whereas three main clusters can be distinguished based on genetic distances of phylogenetic tree. Genetic relationships among maritime pine populations in Morocco appear to be related to historical, ecological as well as anthropogenic factors, suggesting the need for conservation strategies at the population level. 相似文献
17.
Alexandra Rodr��guez Jorge Dur��n Felisa Covelo Jos�� Mar��a Fern��ndez-Palacios Antonio Gallardo 《Plant and Soil》2011,345(1-2):211-221
The presence of a legume in a nitrogen (N)-limited forest ecosystem may not only create ??islands of N fertility?? but also affect the phosphorus (P) availability. The main objective of this study was to compare the effect of a pine (Pinus canariensis) and a leguminous (Adenocarpus viscosus) species on the spatial pattern and variability of different labile organic-N (microbial biomass-N [MB-N] and dissolved organic-N [DON]), as well as inorganic-N (IN) and ?CP fractions (NH4-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P), in a forest soil of the Canary Islands (Spain). Assuming some litter quantity and quality differences between these two species, we expected to find higher soil labile organic-N concentrations under isolated individuals of P. canariensis than under isolated individuals of A. viscosus. We also expected to find higher concentrations and spatial dependence (percentage of total variance explained by spatial autocorrelation) of NO3-N beneath A. viscosus than beneath P. canariensis canopies, and higher spatial scaling of soil variables under the influence of P. canariensis canopies than under the presence of A. viscosus individuals. Moreover, we tested whether the soil variables measured under isolated individuals of both species showed a different spatial variability than the same soil variables measured under overlapping pine canopies inside a pine forest. To test these hypotheses, soil samples under isolated mature individuals of each species were collected in the winter and summer, whereas under a pine forest canopy, the sampling was performed only in the winter. The winter MB-N and DON concentrations were significantly higher beneath the pine individual, whereas the winter NO3-N, NO3-N-to-IN ratio, and PO4-P were significantly higher under the leguminous individual; these differences were not observed in the summer samples. We found higher spatial ranges under the pine than under the legume canopy in the winter sampling, and the spatial dependence of NO3-N was twice as high beneath the legumes as under the pines at both sampling dates. The soil spatial variability was higher (up to 17 times higher) under isolated individuals than inside the pine forest. The results of this study suggest that both the morphological and physiological characteristics of P. canariensis and A. viscosus, as well as the spatial pattern of P. canariensis, may influence the spatial pattern and variability of soil resources. 相似文献
18.
Using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the genetic variation of proteins was examined in three organs (needle, bud, and pollen) from 18 trees of maritime pine. Three types of variation were noted: presence/absence, staining intensity, and position variation of the spots. Of the 902 polypeptides scored in the three organs, 245 (27.2%) were polymorphic. Moreover, among these variable spots, 117 were found in a single organ, demonstrating an increased polymorphism of the organ-specific polypeptides (56.0% vs 18.4% for the organ-unspecific polypeptides). Finally, a positive correlation was found between variability level and subunit molecular weight for spots showing position variation but not for spots showing presence/absence or staining intensity variations. Possible explanations for this observation are discussed.Correspondence to: N. Bahrman 相似文献
19.
I. Arrillaga M. A. Guevara J. Muñoz-Bertomeu D. Lázaro-Gimeno E. Sáez-Laguna L. M. Díaz L. Torralba I. Mendoza-Poudereux J. Segura M. T. Cervera 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2014,118(1):147-155
The potential of haploid tissues for genetic studies in conifers is hampered by the lack of abundant and homogeneous plant material suitable for DNA isolation. In this work we have determined factors promoting haploid callus induction and proliferation from megagametophytes of Oria 6, a genotype of Pinus pinaster Aiton (maritime pine) from the natural population Sierra de Oria (Almería, Spain), selected based on its response to extreme drought conditions. The generation of haploid callus was restricted to megagametophytes isolated from light-brown cones with no dehydrated seeds collected in September. Culture medium composition did not significantly affect callus induction, but a modified Murashige and Skoog medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzyladenine favored further multiplication. The ploidy status of the callus lines was determined by flow cytometry and seven polymorphic microsatellites. A total of sixteen haploid callus lines were established and one of these is being used as a source of DNA for massive sequencing of maritime pine genome. 相似文献