Enhancing effects of mini-cells prepared from Salmonella typhimurium on anti-tumor immunity in sarcoma 180-bearing mice

Summary The enhancing effect of mini-cells of Salmonella typhimurium which do not contain chromosomal DNA on anti-tumor immunity in mice was studied. The growth of sarcoma 180 cells which were subcutaneously transplanted into ICR mice was significantly retarded in mice treated with Salmonella mini-cells at the same time or 7 days after S180 transplantation, while no or only a little growth inhibition was observed in mice treated 7 days prior to S180 transplantation. Treatment with mini-cells inoculation alone did not increase the survival time of mice that had received intraperitoneal transplants of S180 cells. However, a statistically significant increase of survival time was observed in mice treated with a combination of mini-cells and surgical resection of subcutaneous tumors when S180 cells were injected 7 days after the surgical resection. The injection of mini-cells restored macrophage chemotaxis in S180-bearing mice in which macrophage chemotaxis was greatly retarded but lymphocyte activity was not.     

Enhanced human tumor cell transplantability in a new congenic immunodeficient mouse; KSN-BNX

We introduced two mutant genes (beige; bg that induces the deficiency of natural killer (NK) activity andxid that decreases the production of immunoglobulin) into KSN nude mice with high reproductive performances. We produced KSNbg/bg(nu/nu) (KSN-bg), KSN-xid/xid(nu/nn) (KSN-xid), KSNxid/xid;bg/bg(nu/nu) (KSN-BNX) and KSN-nu/+ (KS) mice by backcross (cross-intercross method). All strains showed as high a reproductivity rate as the parental KSN mice. KSN-xid and KSN-BNX mice had a reduced percentage of B220 positive cells in the spleens compared to KSN and KSN-bg mice, but they showed increased percentages, of Thy-1 and asialo GM1 positive cells. The serum immunoglobulin concentrations of KSN-BNX were as low as KSN-xid. Both KSN-bg and KSN-BNX mice showed deficient NK activity in spleens, whereas KSN-xid mice showed an elevated NK activity. Compared to nude mice, the growth of both human tumor cell TCO-1 and BxPc-3 transplanted subcutaneously was enhanced in KSN-BNX mice. However Panc-1 cells that was rejected in nude mice was not accepted in KSN-BNX mice. Liver metastasis of human pancreatic tumor cells; Capan-1, BxPc-3 and MIAPaCa-2 were studied. No significant difference was observed in the percentage of metastasis formed mice between nude and KSN-BNX mice.     

Long‐term infection of adult mice with murine polyomavirus following stereotaxic inoculation into the brain

Murine polyomavirus is used in various models of persistent virus infection. This study was undertaken to assess the spatial and temporal patterns of MPyV infection in the brains of immunocompetent (BALB/c) and immunocompromised (KSN nude) mice. MPyV was stereotaxically microinfused into the brain parenchyma, and the kinetics of infection were examined by quantitative PCR. In BALB/c mice, the amount of viral DNA in the brain peaked at 4 days p.i. and then rapidly diminished. In contrast, MPyV DNA levels increased up to 4 days and then gradually decreased over the 30‐day observation period in the brain of KSN mice. In both mouse strains, viral DNA was readily detected around the sites of inoculation from 2 to 6 days p.i., and continued to be detected for up to 30 days p.i. In addition, MPyV infection did not lead to a drastic induction of innate immune response in the brains, nor did MPyV‐inoculated mice show any signs of disease. These results indicate that MPyV establishes an asymptomatic long‐term infection in the mouse brain.     

Purine metabolic enzymes in lymphocytes. II. Adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities in the immune response

ICR mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells (sRBC). Both adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activities in spleen lymphocytes increased faster than the serum antibody titer and reached a peak one week after the immunization. ADA activity increased significantly in T lymphocytes but not in B lymphocytes collected from the spleens of the immunized mice. A statistically significant increase in PNP activity was found in both T and B lymphocytes from the spleens of the immunized mice. Spleen lymphocytes collected from ICR mice which had been immunized with mitomycin C-treated sarcoma 180 (S180) cells one week earlier showed cytotoxic activity against viable S180 cells. Both ADA and PNP activities in spleen lymphocytes of S180-immunized mice increased significantly, and both activities increased in T lymphocytes prepared from spleen of immunized mice. In contrast, an increase was found in PNP activity but not in ADA activity in B lymphocytes. These results suggest that an increase in both ADA and PNP activities may by necessary for the T-cell response in both humoral and cellular immune responses, and that an increase in PNP activity may be necessary for the B-cell response.     

老龄ICR小鼠对SARS-CoV的易感性

目的为探讨SARS的发病机制并提供易感的SARS动物模型。方法利用RT-PCR和病毒分离后免疫荧光技术检测成龄鼠和老龄鼠接种SARS-CoV后肺组织内病毒复制情况,同时观察两组动物的肺脏和肺外组织器官的病理变化,对肺组织进行免疫组化分析,观察SARS-CoV在肺内复制的主要部位。结果老龄鼠的感染率明显高于成龄鼠;老龄鼠肺脏出现更为严重的弥漫性肺泡损伤,其中两只老龄鼠的肺外器官出现了变性、灶状坏死以及血管广泛的扩张充血等全身中毒性变化;肺脏内病毒抗原主要存在于肺泡上皮细胞和间质的血管内皮细胞。结论老龄ICR小鼠对SARS-CoV的易感性明显高于成龄鼠,有可能作为研究SARS发病机制以及药物评价的动物模型。     

软骨多糖对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能影响的初步研究

目的研究软骨多糖对荷瘤小鼠的作用,并探讨其对免疫功能的影响。方法采用小鼠肉瘤S180细胞建立动物腹水瘤模型,然后随机将小鼠分为生理盐水对照组和软骨多糖给药组,连续腹腔注射生理盐水或软骨多糖,分别测量ConA和LPS刺激下小鼠脾细胞淋巴增殖情况、外周血NK细胞的活性,及外周血单个核细胞E花环形成率。结果软骨多糖能刺激淋巴细胞增殖,明显提高NK细胞的活性,提高E花环形成率。结论软骨多糖能通过增强S180荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能而抑制肿瘤的生长。     

雌性小鼠不适于构建HFD-STZ联合诱导的2型糖尿病模型

目的 探讨雌性小鼠在高脂饲料(HFD)-链脲佐菌素(STZ)联合诱导2型糖尿病模型中的可行性.方法 分别以高脂饲料、高脂饲料-果糖饮水(HFDF)和常规饲料(对照)喂养3周龄的封闭群ICR和近交系C57BL/6J (B6)小鼠6周后,HFD和HFDF组腹腔注射STZ,对照组注射相应体积柠檬酸钠溶液,然后分别以相应饲料继续喂养6周.每周测定小鼠体重,于注射前1周和注射后1～4周测定非空腹血糖浓度.结果 实验结束时各组小鼠体重较初始体重均显著增加.ICR小鼠HFD和HFDF组体重与对照组S无差异,HFD与HFDF组间也无显著变化.虽然B6小鼠HFD与HFDF组体重组间差异不显著,但两组体重均显著低于对照组.注射STZ后1～4周,两品系小鼠HFD与HFDF组血糖水平没有显著升高,组间也没有显著差异,且均没有达到2型糖尿病小鼠成模非空腹血糖标准(11 mmol/L).结论 果糖饮水不能促进高脂饲料诱导的育肥作用,而雌性小鼠也不是HFD-STZ联合诱导2型糖尿病模型的理性选择.     

Reduced fecundity of Hymenolepis nana due to thymus-dependent immunological responses in mice

Reduced fecundity of Hymenolepis nana due to thymus-dependent immunological responses in mice. International Journal for Parasitology16: 81–85. The fecundity of the dwarf tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana, was enhanced in congenitally athymic nude CD-1 (ICR) mice but depressed to the same degree as in phenotypically normal littermates when they were reconstituted with thymocytes before infection. The reduction in fecundity of this parasite was clear only when H. nana were recovered from those strains of mice which demonstrate a “late response” against luminal cysticercoid challenge before the established worms become fully mature (within 15 days of initial immunizing egg inoculation). The fecundity of H. nana in dd mice, which acquire the late response within 30–40 days, was greatly advanced than that in BALB/c or CD-1 (ICR) mice and somewhat better than even that in the nude CD-1 (ICR) mice and appeared to be little, or not at all, depressed. The fecundity and longevity of this parasite, highly variable among mouse strains, is discussed in terms of variations in the rapidity of expression of protective immunity against the lumen phase.     

人胎脑源性神经前体细胞致瘤性评价

目的:研究体外培养的人胎脑源性神经前体细胞的致瘤性。方法:将人胎脑源神经前体细胞体外培养至第1、25、40、60代,且每代细胞分别制备成神经球及单个细胞混悬液两种制剂,并取293T细胞作为阳性对照,共9组,每组5只,分别皮下接种于4~8周龄的BALB/C裸鼠,接种后饲养6个月,定期观察裸鼠精神状态、饮食、排便、以及接种局部有无出现结节或肿块,接种6个月后处死裸鼠,对接种局部及内脏进行组织病理切片及HE染色。结果:将人胎脑源性神经前体细胞接种于裸鼠皮下6个月未见肿瘤形成,且未见其他异常组织形成;而阳性对照组293T细胞接种于裸鼠皮下1个月后可见明显肿瘤形成。结论:人胎脑源神经前体细胞对裸鼠不具有体内致瘤性。     

Epigallocatechin gallate induced apoptosis in Sarcoma180 cells in vivo: Mediated by p53 pathway and inhibition in U1B, U4-U6 UsnRNAs expression

The aim of this study was to understand the mode of action of tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in vivo. Swiss albino mice were treated i.p. with EGCG at two different doses i.e. 12-mg/kg body weight and 15-mg/kg body weight, for 7 days prior to inoculation of Sarcoma180 (S180) cells and continued for another 7 days. The growth of the S180, harvested 7 days after inoculation, was significantly reduced due to treatment with EGCG. The flowcytometric analysis of S180 cells, showed significant increase in apoptosis and reduction in the number of cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle due to treatment with EGCG. The induction of apoptosis has also been confirmed by the TUNEL and DNA fragmentation assays. Both RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed significant up-regulation of p53 and bax, and down-regulation of bcl-2 and c-myc due to EGCG treatment. No changes in the expression pattern of p21, p27, bcl-xl, mdm2 and cyclin D1 were seen. Interestingly, there was significant down-regulation of spliceosomal uridylic acid rich small nuclear RNAs (UsnRNAs) U1B and U4-U6 due to EGCG treatment. This indicates that these UsnRNAs may be involved in the apoptosis process. Taken together, our study suggests that in vivo EGCG could induce apoptosis in S180 cells through alteration in G2/M phase of the cell cycle by up-regulation of p53, bax and down-regulation of c-myc, bcl-2 and U1B, U4-U6 UsnRNAs.     

Histopathological studies ofSporothrix schenckii-inoculated mice

Defense mechanisms againstSporothrix schenckii were studied using mouse models. After an intracutaneous injection of the yeast form ofS. schenckii to the dorsal skin of the congenitally athymic nude and normal heterozygote littermate mice, nodules were formed. They regressed and disappeared in 10 weeks in the case of normal mice. On the other hand, nodules and then ulceration developed progressively in nude mice until all animals expired by dissemination of microorganisms at the 11th week of inoculation. Histopathologically the migrated cells were similar in both the normal and the nude mice, particularly during the early phase (within 24 h), with infiltration by PMNs being predominant. Fragmentation ofS. schenckii commenced early during the 12–24 h stage of inoculation in the normal mice, while such fragmentation was scarce in nude mice even though numerous PMNs accumulated. Microscopic observations in the early stages (within 24 h of inoculation) suggested that the lack of killing activity by PMNs in nude mice contributes more to the impaired defense than the lack of macrophage activation by T-cells.     

细胞因子在小鼠白色念珠菌性阴道炎发病机制中的作用研究

目的观察小鼠白色念珠菌性阴道炎IFN-γ、IL—10、IL-2表达特点,探讨IFN-γ、IL—10、IL-2在小鼠白色念珠菌性阴道炎发病中起的作用及意义。方法选用ICR品系雌性小鼠（8-10周龄）,随机分为对照组、模型组,各组30只。每组又随机分为2、4、8d三个时间点,每个时间点含动物10只。实验组眼球取血分离血清,用固相夹心法酶联免疫吸附法测定IFN-γ、IL—10、IL-2水平。结果实验组IFN-γ、IL-2表达水平较对照组高,差异有统计学意义。IL-10变化不明显。IFN-γ、IL-2组内比较显示,4d〉8d〉2d。结论IFN-γ、IL-2在小鼠白色念珠菌性阴道炎的发病机制中可能起着重要作用。     

基于16S rRNA基因测序研究蜥蜴胃康方对胃癌肝转移裸鼠肠道菌群的影响

观察不同剂量蜥蜴胃康方对胃癌肝转移裸鼠肠道菌群的影响。

60只裸鼠随机分为正常对照组(10只)和造模组(50只), 造模组用HGC-27胃癌细胞通过脾脏注射制备胃癌肝转移模型, 造模4周时, 随机取正常对照组1只与造模组5只, 取裸鼠肝组织通过病理切片对比验证造模是否成功。随后剩余造模组45只裸鼠随机分为模型组、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)组以及蜥蜴胃康方高(2.6 g/mL)、中(1.3 g/mL)、低(0.6 g/mL)剂量组, 每组9只。取最后一次灌胃2 h后各组裸鼠新鲜粪便进行16S rRNA基因测序。

16S rRNA测序结果显示, 与正常对照组相比模型组裸鼠肠道菌群在门水平表现为拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门丰度下降, 放线菌门、蓝藻菌门丰度富集。属水平表现为Muribaculaceae丰度显著降低(t=3.514 4, P=0.024 6), 拟普雷沃菌属丰度显著富集(t=-4.660 1, P=0.009 6), 副拟杆菌属丰度显著富集(t=-4.284 7, P=0.012 8), 瘤胃球菌属丰度显著降低(t=3.342 7, P=0.028 8)。经蜥蜴胃康方干预后, 胃癌肝转移裸鼠的肠道菌群结构得到了改善, 门水平表现为厚壁菌门丰度增加, 放线菌门丰度降低, 各组间差异有统计学意义(H=11.619 9, P=0.040 4);蓝藻菌门丰度降低, 组间差异有统计学意义(H=11.433 1, P=0.043 4)。属水平表现为Muribaculaceae丰度升高, 拟普雷沃菌属、副拟杆菌属丰度降低; 瘤胃球菌属(H=14.658 4, P=0.011 9)、乳杆菌属(H=11.386 0, P=0.044 2)丰度显著富集, 各组间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。

蜥蜴胃康方能增加厚壁菌门丰度, 降低放线菌门、蓝藻菌门丰度, 提高益生菌乳杆菌属、瘤胃球菌属丰度, 降低致病菌肠杆菌属、梭状芽胞杆菌属丰度。其中以蜥蜴胃康方高剂量组对肠杆菌属、梭状芽胞杆菌属的抑制作用最显著, 并能有效提高乳杆菌属丰度, 从而调节胃癌肝转移裸鼠肠道菌群的平衡, 增强肠黏膜免疫屏障, 激活免疫细胞释放肿瘤坏死因子来发挥对胃癌的抑制作用。

     

Oncostatic and immunomodulatory effects of a glycoprotein fraction from water extract of abalone,Haliotis discus hannai

Summary The liquid from heat-treatment of an abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, which is normally discarded as waste, was found to contain a new glycoprotein antineoplastic agent. A fraction of the liquid obtained from chromatography that was 22% carbohydrate and 44% protein was injected locally or systematically into ICR mice or BALB/c mice inoculated s.c. with allogeneic sarcoma 180 or syngeneic Meth-A fibrosarcoma, and growth of the tumors was strongly inhibited. There was an optimum dose range for the inhibition of the growth of sarcoma 180, and optimum timing. The fraction did not have antitumor activity in T cell-deficient nude mice (CD-1 nu/nu or BALB/c nu/nu mice), and administration of carrageenan in vivo decreased its activity in ICR mice. This fraction activated the cytostatic activity of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages in vivo. These results suggest that the antitumor activity is not due to a direct toxic effect but to stimulation of a host-mediated response.     

不同品系小鼠对实验感染念珠状链杆菌敏感性的观察

本文通过念珠状链杆菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｂａｃｉｌｕｓｍｏｎｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ,Ｓ．ｍ．）实验感染昆明、Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ、ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ、ＩＣＲ、ＮＩＨ、ＤＢＡ共６个品系小鼠,观察其对Ｓ．ｍ．敏感性的差异。其中昆明、Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ两个品系在腹腔接种后表现出明显的临床、病理改变。昆明小鼠发病率和死亡率分别为９２％和８０％;Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ分别是８０％和１２％。昆明小鼠较之Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ小鼠起病急、病情严重,多数动物死于感染的急性期。其余品系的发病率为：ＮＩＨ８％、ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ和ＤＢＡ４％,没有动物死亡;ＩＣＲ在接种后无任何临床病理改变。在实验感染后临床病理改变方面,昆明小鼠和Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ小鼠间有较大不同。昆明小鼠以末梢血管淤血、四肢尾部水肿、关节炎、截瘫、腹泻为主,而Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ小鼠则以注射部位和其它部位皮下脓肿、化脓性关节炎为主。本研究提示,中国昆明小鼠对Ｓ．ｍ．敏感性最高,可以将其作为“哨兵动物”用于实验大鼠Ｓ．ｍ．的常规监测;不同品系小鼠不仅对实验感染Ｓ．ｍ．的敏感性不同,而且表现出不同的临床病理改变。     

婴儿双歧杆菌对小鼠肉瘤S180的抑制作用

本文主要观察婴儿双歧杆菌(Bif. 189—3)对小鼠皮下移植肉瘤180(S180)的抑制作用。结果发现,该菌无论在S180移植前或移植后经皮下注射,均能明显抑制皮下移植S180的增长,并使带瘤鼠存活期显著延长。病理检查见实验组肿瘤坏死明显,肿瘤周围有大量炎症细胞浸润。提示该菌能非特异性增强肿瘤局部的免疫反应。     

5-烯丙基-7-二氟亚甲基白杨素对人肺癌A549细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响

目的研究5-烯丙基-7-二氟亚甲基白杨素（ADFMChR）对人肺癌A549细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响。方法建立人肺癌A549细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型,测定荷人肺癌裸鼠移植瘤的大小和重量,应用免疫组化SP法检测移植瘤组织中PCNA、VEGF、CD31的表达。结果ADFMChR对肺癌移植瘤生长有显著抑制作用（P〈0.01）,5.0、10.0、20.0 mg/（kg.bw）的ADFMChR对移植瘤的瘤重抑制率分别为42.98%,82.31%和89.91%。免疫组化检测结果表明：ADFMChR具有抑制肺腺癌裸鼠移植瘤细胞PCNA、VEGF及CD31蛋白表达作用。结论ADFMChR抑制肺腺癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长作用与其抑制移植瘤细胞PCNA、VEGF以及CD31的蛋白表达相关。     

Herpes simplex virus type 1-induced hydrocephalus in mice.

Adult ICR/Slc or BALB/c mice developed hydrocephalus when attenuated herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (strain Ska) was injected intracerebrally 2 to 4 weeks earlier and then after mice were challenged with the same virus or virulent HSV-1. Initial inoculation of the Ska strain elicited acute meningitis and ependymitis with transient mild hydrocephalus. Viral antigen was seen in the meninges and subependymal areas, and the virus was titrated during the acute phase of infection. After the second virus inoculation, more prominent inflammation was evoked in the same area, and the animals developed hydrocephalus, although viral antigen and infectious virus were hardly detected. When the mice were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide, they ceased to develop hydrocephalus. BALB/c nude mice did not show the same pathology, even though they were treated in the same way. When irradiated mice, which had been infected with the Ska strain intracerebrally 2 weeks earlier, received syngeneic immune spleen cells, they developed hydrocephalus. The T-cell nature of the effector cells was confirmed by the elimination of the pathology after treatment of the donor cells with anti-Thy-1.2 plus complement. No hydrocephalic mice were observed after treatment of the donor cells with anti-Lyt-1.2 plus complement, which gave further evidence of the T-cell nature of the effector cells as the Lyt-1+.2+ antigen-bearing subsets. Intervals between priming and challenge virus inoculation could be more than 18 months. The presence of purified HSV-1 envelope protein was feasible for the development of the hydrocephalic animals.     

用尖吻蝮蛇毒、蝗蛇毒及抗蛇毒血清处理小鼠S_(180)、EAC腹水癌的初步观察

本文报道了尖吻蝮蛇毒、蝮蛇毒及抗蛇毒血清能使接种S_(180)、EAC腹水癌的小鼠明显延长存活时间、降低接种率,但不能完全阻止痛细胞生长。体外具有较明显的导致,菡细胞肿胀、膜破裂,核纤维化,坏死等。从腹水酶活力测定及抗血清初步研究结果表明,癌细胞病变中产生的某些抗原物质可能与蛇毒中的酶和毒蛋白相近。因此注射蛇毒后可在体内产生相关抗体,中和癌细胞产生的毒素以达到治疗目的。     

亚油酸铂靶向脂质体抗肿瘤特性的研究

用超声波制备了内部包裹亚油酸铂,表面有抗人乳腺癌单克隆抗体ＭｃＡｂＧｐ－１Ｄ８的亚油酸铂靶向脂质体和亚油酸铂非靶向脂质体,研究了这些脂质体绎腹部注射到荷瘤裸鼠之后的组织分布和抑瘤效果,实验结果表明,靶向脂质体亚油酸铂在肿瘤组织的含量明显高于游离亚油酸铂组;在肾,肝,肺,脾,心脏等器官中,前者的含量比后者有所降低,分别在接种癌细胞后６天,１２天和２４天,按６ｍｇ／ｋｇ的剂量分别注射ＰＢＳ,游离亚油酸