苦槛蓝叶的黄酮类成分及其荔枝霜疫霉抑制活性研究

为了解苦槛蓝(Myoporum bontioides)的化学成分,采用色谱分离法从叶中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为：5,7,3’-三羟基-4’-甲氧基黄酮(1)、3,5,7,4’-四羟基-3’-甲氧基黄酮(2)、5,7,4’-三羟基-3’,5’-二甲氧基黄酮(3)、木犀草素(4)、山奈酚(5)、鼠李黄素(6)、5,7-二羟基二氢黄酮(7)、7,4’-二羟基二氢黄酮(8)、5,7,3’,4’-四羟基二氢黄酮(9)、5-O-乙酰基-3,7,3’,4’-四羟基二氢黄酮(10)和7-甲氧基香橙素(11)。除化合物4、7、11之外,其他化合物均为首次从苦槛蓝叶中分离得到。菌丝生长速率法测试表明化合物4、7～9和11对荔枝霜疫霉菌具有较好的抑菌活性。     

苦槛蓝的开发利用

苦槛蓝属(Myoporum)是隶属于苦槛蓝科的双子叶植物。此属植物共约32种,主要分布于亚洲(例如我国和日本)、大洋洲(例如澳大利亚和新西兰)、太平洋的夏威夷群岛和印度洋的毛里求斯等地。我国只有苦槛蓝(M.bonti-oides)一种,产两广、福建和台湾的海边。在澳大利亚南部和东部的温带地区和半干旱地区,该属植物分布很广,少数还分布于干旱地区或北部的热带地区。     

苦槛蓝叶的化学成分及其抑菌活性研究

为研究苦槛蓝(Myoporum bontioides A.Gray)的化学成分,采用多种柱色谱技术从苦槛蓝叶中分离得到13个化合物,它们的结构分别鉴定为:野黑樱苷(1)、类叶升麻苷(2)、5,7-二羟基二氢黄酮(3)、3-O-β谷甾醇苷(4)、(3R)-oct-1-en-3-ol-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1″→2′)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5)、7-甲氧基香橙素(6)、异樱花素(7)、匙叶桉油烯醇(8)、愈创木醇(9)、(1S,2R,5S,6R)-2,6-bis(5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane(10)、(1R,2S,5R,6S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane(11)、去甲基川陈皮素(12)和3′,4′,5,6,7,8-六甲氧基黄酮(13),其中化合物4、5、7~11为首次从苦槛蓝植物中分离得到。刃天青显色法测试部分化合物对大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制活性,结果表明,5,7-二羟基二氢黄酮(3)对大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌有一定的抑制作用,其MIC值为62.50μg mL–1。     

苦槛蓝—南方沿海绿化好树种

苦槛蓝（Myoporumbontioi－des）为苦槛蓝科常绿灌木,茎直立,高１—２米,多分枝;叶互生,稍肉质,倒披针状椭圆形至矩圆形;花腋生,漏斗状钟形,白而具紫斑,美丽;核果卵球形。该种枝繁叶茂,树形优美,连片生长,形成优势群落,远看略似夹竹桃,所以有的群众称它为“海生夹竹桃”。苦槛蓝属植物约有３０种,我国只有苦槛蓝１种,产于广西、广东、海南、香港、福建、浙江（洞头）、台湾等地沿海地区,日本也有。根据我们近来在福建的泉州、厦门、莆田沿海地区的调查,该种原有的大面积天然群落由于兴建开发区或筑海堤而几乎破坏殆尽…     

苦槛蓝挥发油对小菜蛾的生物活性

研究了苦槛蓝挥发油对小菜蛾的生物活性.结果表明,苦槛蓝挥发油对小菜蛾成虫具有强烈的驱避作用.小菜蛾成虫在四臂嗅觉仪中首选次数、平均停留时间从多到少的顺序是3臂、1臂、4臂、2臂,具有远离处理臂的趋势,其中雄虫比雌虫明显,且气体流速为200ml·min^-1时驱避作用最为显著.按方法3处理第一天对小菜蛾成虫的产卵驱避率(OCR)、干扰作用控制指数(IIPC)分别为94.48%、0.0552.此外,从挥发油中分离到一个液体成分,经鉴定确定为myoporone(C₁₅H₂₂O₃).     

苦槛蓝挥发油对小菜蛾的生物活性

研究了苦槛蓝挥发油对小菜蛾的生物活性。结果表明,苦槛蓝挥发油对小菜蛾成虫具有强烈的驱避作用．小菜蛾成虫在四臂嗅觉仪中首选次数、平均停留时间从多到少的顺序是3臂、1臂、4臂、2臂,具有远离处理臂的趋势,其中雄虫比雌虫明显。且气体流速为200ml·min^-1时驱避作用最为显著。按方法3处理第一天对小菜蛾成虫的产卵驱避率(OCR)、干扰作用控制指数(IIPC)分别为94．48％、0．0552。此外,从挥发油中分离到一个液体成分,经鉴定确定为myoporone(C15H22O3)。     

蜂胶中的黄酮类化合物

黄酮类化合物是蜂胶中最重要的组成成分和生物活性物质.本文对国内外从蜂胶中鉴定出的黄酮类化合物进行了分类总结,给出每种成分的中英文名称及化学名称,以避免同物异名或同名异物现象的出现.本文共列出黄酮类化合物135种,其中黄酮及黄酮醇类化合物46种,二氢黄酮及二氢黄酮醇类36种,异黄酮类11种,查耳酮和二氢查耳酮类17种,以及最近几年从蜂胶中鉴定出的新黄酮类似物25种.     

元宝枫叶黄酮类化合物分离与鉴定

用聚酰胺和SephadexLH20柱层析方法对元宝枫叶化学成分进行研究。分离纯化得到一种黄酮类化合物,根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定化学结构为3,5,7,3′,4′五羟基黄酮,即槲皮素。这种化合物是首次从元宝枫叶中获得。     

小叶红光树中的黄酮类化合物

小叶红光树 (Ｋｎｅｍａｇｌｏｂｕｌａｒｉａ (Ｌａｍｋ .)Ｗａｒｂ .)为肉豆蔻科红光树属植物 ,产云南省西双版纳、屏边、河口、盈江、沧源等地。对采自云南省西双版纳的小叶红光树的乙醇粗提物进行了活性筛选 ,结果表明具有抗ＰＡＦ活性 ,并具有对抗花生四烯酸和ＡＤＰ诱导能力。该植物的化学成分尚未见报道 ,为寻找其中的活性成分 ,对该植物进行了化学研究。现报道从小叶红光树地上部分分离获得的 5个黄酮类化合物 ,经1ＨＮＭＲ ,13 ＣＮＭＲ ,ＭＳ等波谱测定 ,确定了它们的结构 ,分别为 :山奈酚 (Ｋａｅｍｐｆｅｒｏｌ 1 ) ,山奈酚 - 3…     

长叶榧黄酮类化合物含量及成分分析

对长叶榧不同营养器官和不同居群的3种营养器官黄酮类化合物含量进行测定,并利用聚酰胺薄层层析法对黄酮类化合物的成分进行分析。结果表明：（1）长叶榧各个营养器官均含有黄酮类化合物,其含量高低顺序依次是一年生叶>一年生枝>幼根>老根>树皮>老枝>茎;（2）长叶榧不同营养器官其黄酮类化合物的种类有很大的差异,以一年生叶、一年生枝最多,幼根次之,老根、老枝第三,树皮、茎最少;（3）不同长叶榧居群3种营养器官黄酮类化合物含量各不相同,但均以一年生叶最高,一年生枝次之,老枝最低;（4）不同长叶榧居群一年生叶黄酮类化合物含量差异不显著,一年生枝、老枝差异较大;（5）不同长叶榧居群3种营养器官其黄酮类化合物的种类在一年生叶中没有差异,一年生枝中差异较小,老枝中差异较大。     

Flavonoids and the taxonomy of Camarea (Malpighiaceae)

Camarea is a South-American endemic genus comprising eight species. In the present work leaf flavonoids of seven species of Camarea were identified, aiming to evaluate the usefulness of their distribution as a taxonomic aid. A total of 12 flavonoids were isolated and identified. Free aglycones, such as apigenin, chrysoeriol, kaempferol and quercetin, as well as 7-O-glycosides of apigenin and luteolin, 3-O-glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin were identified. Flavonoid distribution in Camarea species, taking into account aglycones and aglycone moieties of glycosides, was used to obtain a phenogram of chemical affinities. Apigenin, chrysoeriol and kaempferol were the main discriminating characters for links establishment. The resultant tree suggests the links: 1) Camarea hirsuta, Camarea affinis and C. affinis × C. hirsuta; 2) Camarea elongata and Camarea axillaris; 3) Camarea sericea and Camarea humifusa. The results are in agreement with morphological similarities and disagree with several points of n-alkane evidence. The results support the recognition of Camarea triphylla as synonymy of C. axillaris.     

毛山小橘枝叶中生物碱类成分的研究

为了解毛山小橘(Glycosmis craibii)的化学成分,采用硅胶柱层析、ODS柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析和高效液相色谱等现代色谱分离技术,从毛山小橘枝叶95%乙醇提取物中分离得到9个生物碱类化合物。根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据,其结构分别鉴定为de-N-methyl-O-noracronycine (1)、去甲山油柑碱(2)、glycocitrine Ⅱ (3)、acrifoline (4)、3-hydroxy- 2, 4-dimethoxy-10-methyl-9-acridanone (5)、阿塔宁(6)、glycosolone (7)、3-(3?, 3?-dimethylallyl)-4, 8-dimethoxy-N-methyl-quinolin- 2-one (8)和4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-quinolone (9)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离,其中化合物2、3、5、6和9为首次从山小橘属植物中分离得到。     

Conidial germination and germ tube elongation of Phomopsis amaranthicola and Microsphaeropsis amaranthi on leaf surfaces of seven Amaranthus species: Implications for biological control

Microsphaeropsis amaranthi and Phomopsis amaranthicola are potential biological control agents for several Amaranthus species. In an effort to understand the initial infection processes with these pathogens, a study was conducted of the conidial germination and germ tube length (μm) on the weed leaf surfaces at 21 °C and 28 °C. Weeds included Amaranthus rudis, A. palmeri, A. powellii, A. retroflexus, A. spinosus, A. hybridus, and A. albus. For P. amaranthicola, conidial germination and germ tube length varied among the seven weed species at both temperatures, while for M. amaranthi the differences in germ tube lengths were significant among weed species only at 21 °C. While the conidia of M. amaranthi and P. amaranthicola germinated on the leaf surfaces of all seven weed species, temperature appeared to impact the number and length of germ tubes on the leaf surfaces. The percentage of germinated conidia and the length of germ tubes at both temperatures were often greater for M. amaranthi than for P. amaranthicola. In order for the fungal pathogen to successfully infect and kill a weedy host, conidia must germinate and form a germ tube, two processes that vary with host species and temperature for M. amaranthi and P. amaranthicola. The extent to which successive infection processes, e.g., penetration, invasion and colonization, contribute to host specificity warrants study.     

Characterization and biological activity of the main flavonoids from Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris subspecies cycla)

The molecular components of a phenolic fraction (P2), obtained from liquid chromatography of a Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cycla) extract, were identified using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The primary P2 components were: vitexin-2'O-rhamnoside, its demethylated form 2'-xylosylvitexin, isorhamnetin 3-gentiobioside, and rutin. P2 "in toto" and the single components were characterized for antioxidant capacity, antimitotic activity on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and for toxicity to human lymphocytes and macrophages. P2 inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation (IC(50) value = 9 microg/ml) without inducing apoptosis, showed no toxicity to human lymphocytes and slight toxicity to macrophages. Vitexin-2'O-rhamnoside strongly inhibited DNA synthesis in MCF-7 cells, whereas 2'-xylosylvitexin and isorhamnetin 3-gentiobioside were activators; combinations of activators and inhibitors maintained the over-all inhibitory effect.     

桄榔子黄酮类化学成分研究

桄榔子为桄榔(Arenga pinnata)的果实,具有明显的镇痛活性。为研究桄榔子的化学成分,该文采用反复硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱法并结合HPLC法进行分离纯化,并运用 NMR 波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构,为植物资源的合理开发和可持续利用提供科学依据。结果表明:从桄榔子70%乙醇提取物中分离得到 12 个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为新落新妇苷(1)、甘草素(2)、染料木黄酮(3)、2, 4, 4''-三羟基查耳酮(4)、甘草苷(5)、染料木素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、异甘草苷(7)、新异甘草苷(8)、大豆苷(9)、7-O-primverosylformononetin(10)、异甘草素-葡萄糖-芹糖苷(11)、毛蕊异黄酮苷(12)。化合物1-12均为首次从桄榔属植物中分离得到。     

Flavonoids and other constituents of Hymenostegia afzelii (Caesalpiniaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark and leaves of Hymenostegia afzelii resulted in the isolation of three new flavonoids, named afzelin A-C (1–3), together with five known compounds: 7,6-(2″,2″-dimethylpyrano)-3,5,4′-trihydroxyflavone, apigenin, 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosylcincholic acid, 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosylcincholic acid, and dodecanoic acid 1,1′-[(1S)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediyl] ester. The structures of 1–3 were determined by means of spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1–3 were tested in vitro for their preliminary cytotoxicity using the Artemia salina assay.