运用免疫蛋白质组学方法筛选羊种布鲁氏菌免疫反应性蛋白

布鲁氏菌是布鲁氏菌病的病原体,能引起人类慢性感染,造成家畜流产和不孕.在不同种布鲁氏菌中,羊种布鲁氏菌毒力最强,在中国布鲁氏菌病流行中占主导地位.目前,还没有安全的用于预防人类布鲁氏菌感染的疫苗.用于预防家畜布鲁氏菌感染的弱毒活疫苗产生的抗体能够干扰对免疫动物感染布鲁氏菌野毒的诊断,从而对根除布鲁氏菌病的计划实施有负面影响.然而,羊种布鲁氏菌免疫蛋白质谱目前还不完善.为了研制更安全、有效且能区分野毒感染的疫苗,本研究应用免疫蛋白质组学技术筛选羊种布鲁氏菌疫苗株M5的免疫反应性蛋白.经二维电泳结合免疫杂交技术筛选到88个具有免疫反应性的蛋白质点,后经质谱鉴定其归属于61个蛋白,包括许多新的免疫反应性蛋白,如延伸因子G,F0F1ATP合成酶亚单位？？,OMP1.本研究为布鲁氏菌病疫苗研制提供了许多免疫反应性候选蛋白.     

猪型布鲁氏菌rOmp3148-74-BLS融合肽的诱导表达与纯化

目的:为了研究布鲁氏菌Omp31分子的抗原性质,以及布鲁氏菌BLS蛋白质的聚合功能,通过融合PCR技术,制备布鲁氏菌Omp3148-74与BLS的融合蛋白质,并且进行蛋白质的纯化。方法:以猪型布鲁氏菌Omp31基因和BLS基因作为研究对象,通过融合PCR技术构建重组表达载体,IPTG诱导融合蛋白质表达之后,利用His-tag亲和层析柱进行亲和纯化。结果:Omp3148-74-BLS融合DNA长度为531 bp,编码177个氨基酸;加上原核表达载体上的His-tag标签,融合蛋白质的实际大小为25.07 kD,实验结果证实表达载体构建正确,重组表达正确。结论:通过融合PCR技术构建的重组子pET-28-a-Omp3148-74-BLS,可以在大肠杆菌中成功表达;His-tag亲和层析技术可以纯化到Omp3148-74-BLS融合蛋白,而且蛋白质纯度较高。     

ε-聚赖氨酸生物合成及其产生菌遗传转化研究进展

ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-poly-L-lysine,ε-PL)是由25-35个L-赖氨酸(L-lysine)通过α-ε酰胺键连接的具有很强抗菌活性的聚合物,是自然界中迄今为止仅发现的2种均聚氨基酸(ε-聚赖氨酸和γ-聚谷氨酸)之一。目前,研究发现ε-聚赖氨酸的合成酶是一种非核糖体肽合成酶,它催化前体物质L-lysine经多轮缩合反应合成链长不均一的ε-聚赖氨酸,与I型聚酮合成酶的合成过程相似。ε-聚赖氨酸的合成不受降解酶控制。同时,针对产生菌遗传转化的穿梭质粒载体pLAE001和pLAE003已构建成功,为进一步探索ε-聚赖氨酸生物合成提供了条件。本文主要就ε-聚赖氨酸生物合成及产生菌遗传转化体系进行综述。另外,扼要介绍了作者所在课题组的相关研究工作、取得的进展并提出了相应的见解,论文最后部分对组合生物合成在ε-PL产生菌菌种改造中的应用前景进行了探讨。     

Tn抗原、sTn抗原和T抗原的结构和合成

糖基化是蛋白质翻译后修饰主要方式之一。糖基化主要包括N-糖基化和O-糖基化两种方式。肿瘤细胞常常伴随异常的O-糖基化,并且与肿瘤的不良预后具有密切联系。O-聚糖(Tn、s Tn和T抗原)在多种糖基转移酶(T抗原合成酶、唾液酸转移酶等)的帮助下在高尔基体合成。Cosmc是T抗原合成酶唯一的分子伴侣,它可以帮助新合成的T抗原合成酶氨基酸片段正确的折叠,并形成具有生物活性的T抗原合成酶。本文就O-聚糖的结构和一般合成过程做一简要介绍。     

我国辽宁，吉林地区恙虫病东方体分离株的PCR分型

为鉴定我国东北地区恙虫病东方体(Ot)型别,本文应用Ot外膜主要蛋白型特异抗原56ku构建的群、型引物,采用PCR技术对分离自辽宁、吉林地区的6株恙虫病东方体目的基因进行分析研究,并与Gilliam,Karp,Kato国际参考株进行比较.结果表明,辽宁、吉林恙虫病东方体分离株至少存在Gilliam和Karp2种型别.     

大熊猫布鲁氏菌病、弓形虫病以及心丝虫病的血清学调查研究

为摸清大熊猫布鲁氏菌病、弓形虫病以及心丝虫病的血清学感染资料,采用虎红平板凝集试验、试管凝集试验以及外膜蛋白BCSP3基因PCR扩增检测布鲁氏菌病;同时采用弓形虫间接血凝试验和犬心丝虫抗原快速诊断对样品进行检测。结果表明,6只大熊猫RBPT检测为阳性,进一步采用SAT和血液细菌BCSP31基因PCR扩增结果均为阴性,排除了布鲁氏菌感染;大熊猫蜀兰弓形虫抗体检测呈阳性,复查也为阳性,表明存在弓形虫感染;所有大熊猫心丝虫抗原检测结果均为阴性,表明无心丝虫感染。本次检测的3种疾病中,仅发现1只熊猫(蜀兰)存在弓形虫感染,布鲁氏菌病和心丝虫病均为阴性,表明目前成都大熊猫繁育研究基地内大熊猫疾病的预防工作成果显著。     

百日咳毒素单克隆抗体对百日咳杆菌感染后的调节

<正>百日咳毒素(PT)是一种原生型A-B结构毒素,由一酶活性A原体结合一B寡聚物组成。A原体是由单一的亚单位(S_1)组成,以腺苷二磷酸核糖基化鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合调节蛋白(G_1)而起作用,它能去除膜接合腺苷环化酶的抑制作用。B寡聚物是由S_2-S_4和S_3-S_4二聚体和一个S_5连接物组成的五聚体,它的功能是结合于细胞受体并促使A原体接近于它的被作用物。PT正如在动物模型的被动和自动免疫中所显示的,是一种保护性抗原。     

真菌聚酮化合物生物合成研究进展

具有广泛生物活性的真菌聚酮化合物因具有复杂的化学结构,其生物合成途径一般包含多样且新颖的酶催化反应。文中主要综述了2013-2016年来源于还原性聚酮合成酶(HR-PKSs)、非还原性聚酮合成酶(NR-PKSs)、聚酮-非核糖体多肽合成酶(PKS-NRPSs)和还原性-非还原性聚酮合成酶(HR-NR PKSs)杂合型等四大类型的真菌聚酮类化合物的生物合成研究进展。众多真菌聚酮类化合物生物机理的阐明,为未来新型真菌聚酮类天然产物生物合成基因簇的挖掘、新结构化合物的发现及其类似物的研究提供了方向和理论基础。     

茶毛虫核型多角体病毒的血清学特性

用免疫双扩散、对流免疫电泳、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),固相免疫电镜(SPIEM)等技术,对茶毛虫核型多角体病毒(EpNPV)的抗原特性及与其它10种核型多角体病毒的血清学关系进行分析。结果表明,EpNPV粒子的抗血清只能与EpNPV粒子起反应,不与EpNPV的多角体蛋白及其它10种昆虫核型多角体病毒(NPV)粒子发生交叉反应;EpNPV多角体蛋白抗血清除了和其同源的多角体蛋白起反应外,还能和其它两种NPV的多角体蛋白起反应。以上结果说明了EpNPV的结构蛋白具有较高的抗原特异性,而多角体蛋白则没有种间特异性。同时将固相免疫电镜技术应用到昆虫病毒的血清学检测中,取得了较为理想的结果。     

蛋白质组学技术在布鲁氏菌病研究中的应用及发展

布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的重大人畜共患病之一,给我国养殖业发展和公共安全带来严重危害。有效控制和逐步消灭布鲁氏菌病对于公共卫生安全和养殖业的发展具有重要意义。然而,由于布鲁氏菌为胞内寄生菌且结构复杂,其致病机制和相关毒力因子仍不十分清楚;加之我国现有的布鲁氏菌疫苗均为光滑型疫苗,其诱导产生的抗体与自然感染在临床诊断上存在着干扰,给种群净化带来严重困难。虽然已有许多研究通过多种技术尝试解决上述问题,但进展多较为缓慢。蛋白质组学作为研究蛋白质组成和变化规律的新兴学科,随着其研究手段的逐步发展和完善,通过蛋白质组学的手段揭示布鲁氏菌的致病机理、免疫机制等的研究逐渐增多,对于解决布鲁氏菌带来的上述问题提供了崭新的思路。本文结合实验室自身研究,主要从蛋白质组学对布鲁氏菌特异性蛋白的挖掘和对鉴别诊断的意义等方面做一简要阐述。     

A genomic island in Brucella involved in the adhesion to host cells: Identification of a new adhesin and a translocation factor

Adhesion to host cells is the first step in the virulence cycle of any pathogen. In Gram‐negative bacteria, adhesion is mediated, among other virulence factors such as the lipopolysaccharides, by specific outer‐membrane proteins generally termed adhesins that belong to a wide variety of families and have different evolutionary origins. In Brucella, a widespread zoonotic pathogen of animal and human health concern, adhesion is central as it may determine the intracellular fate of the bacterium, an essential stage in its pathogenesis. In the present paper, we further characterised a genomic locus that we have previously reported encodes an adhesin (BigA) with a bacterial immunoglobulin‐like domain (BIg‐like). We found that this region encodes a second adhesin, which we have named BigB; and PalA, a periplasmic protein necessary for the proper display in the outer membrane of BigA and BigB. Deletion of bigB or palA diminishes the adhesion of the bacterium and overexpression of BigB dramatically increases it. Incubation of cells with the recombinant BIg‐like domain of BigB induced important cytoskeletal rearrangements and affected the focal adhesion sites indicating that the adhesin targets cell–cell or cell–matrix proteins. We additionally show that PalA has a periplasmic localisation and is completely necessary for the proper display of BigA and BigB, probably avoiding their aggregation and facilitating their transport to the outer membrane. Our results indicate that this genomic island is entirely devoted to the adhesion of Brucella to host cells.     

The use of an arbitrarily primed PCR product for the specific detection of Brucella

A 1.3 kb Brucella-specific DNA fragment produced through the use of arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was tested for its specificity by DNA–DNA hybridization to Brucella and non-Brucella bacteria. The digoxigenin (DIG)-labelled 1.3 kb DNA fragment hybridized with Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis but did not hybridize with other non-Brucella bacteria tested. The sensitivity of the reaction was determined; as little as 150 fg DNA or 30 Brucella cells could be detected. The specificity and sensitivity of the 1.3 kb DNA fragment combined with the simplicity and speed of the technique suggest the potential of this fragment as a DNA probe for the quick and reliable detection of Brucella organisms.     

Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the Brucella melitensis bp26 gene coding for a protein immunogenic in infected sheep

Abstract We have previously identified a Brucella melitensis 28 kDa cytosoluble protein (CP28) which was highly immunogenic in infected sheep and which in addition made possible the serological differentiation between infected and B. melitensis Rev.l vaccinated sheep. Monoclonal antibodies against CP28 were used to screen a B. melitensis 16M genomic library and to clone the corresponding gene. DNA sequencing of the gene encoding CP28 of B. melitensis 16M revealed that it was nearly identical to that of the recently published bp26 gene of Brucella abortus vaccine strain S19 coding for a periplasmic protein. The differences between the B. melitensis 16M gene and that of B. abortus S19 consisted of single nucleotide substitutions, one or two codon deletions, one codon addition, and most importantly a 21-bp deletion. The corresponding region of B. abortus S19 contains two 10-bp direct repeats which could have been involved in the genesis of the deletion. Expression of the B. melitensis 16M bp26 gene in Escherichia coli studied by the use of the monoclonal antibodies showed the same characteristics as reported for the B. abortus S19 bp26 gene, i.e. the presence of a higher molecular mass preprotein and a lower molecular mass band which probably corresponds to the mature protein exported to the periplasm. Immunoblotting performed with sera from either naturally infected or B. melitensis H38 experimentally infected sheep confirmed the importance of the B. melitensis CP28/BP26 protein as diagnostic antigen.     

Detection of a specifically amplified DNAfragment in Brucella abortus by arbitrarilyprimed polymerase chain reaction

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles of Brucella and non-Brucella DNA were established after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Five arbitrary oligonucleotide primers were screened to generate Brucella-specific DNA fingerprints. The arbitrary primer OPB-01 (5-GTTTCGCTCC-3) produced DNA bands specific to Brucella. Amplification conditions must be optimized for reproductibility. Accordingly, we optimized and established the conditions, which included Mg²⁺, enzyme (DNA polymerase), primer, template and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) concentrations as well as the optimum number of thermal cycles to produce OPB-01 directed Brucella DNA fingerprints.The optimized RAPD method can produce a 1.3 kb DNA fragment specific to Brucella. This DNA fragment was common to eight biovars of B. abortus and one biovar of B. melitensis. The fragment was not detected in genetically related species such as Ochrobactrum anthropi and other non-Brucella organisms associated with farm animals. We anticipate the use of this fragment as a possible probe for the detection of Brucella organisms.     

Identification of a unique gene cluster of Brucella spp. that mediates adhesion to host cells

Brucella, the causative agent of brucellosis, a major zoonotic disease affecting a broad range of mammals, is a gram-negative bacterium whose virulence is dependent on the capacity to attach and invade different cells of the host. The bacterium is able to infect through a diverse repertoire of epitheliums: skin, airways or gastric. Although much has been studied on the mechanisms Brucella uses to establish an intracellular replication niche, almost none is known on how the bacterium adheres and invades host cells. We report here the identification of a pathogenicity island that harbors a gene homologous to proteins with bacterial immunoglobulin-like domains present in other pathogens that play a role in attachment and invasion. Deletion of the entire island results in a mutant with a reduced attachment capacity measured by intracellular replication and adhesion assays. Intraperitoneal and oral experimental infection of mice strongly suggests that this island plays a role during the oral infection probably mediating attachment and trespassing of the gastric epithelium to establish a systemic infection.     

pUC19K质粒的构建及其在布鲁氏菌突变株构建中的应用

突变株的构建是细菌基因功能研究的前提。本研究构建了一个可用于布鲁氏菌突变株构建的自杀质粒。在pUC19质粒的多克隆位点插入卡那霉素抗性基因,在该基因两侧添加多个酶切位点,构建成为pUC19K。利用该质粒,我们构建了布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白Omp25基因的突变株。结果表明,利用该自杀质粒,通过一轮筛选即可得到目标基因被抗性基因替换的突变株。pUC19K质粒的构建及成功应用,为布鲁氏菌突变株的构建提供了一个快速有效的手段,也为布鲁氏菌的基因功能研究奠定了基础。     

布氏杆菌病疫苗的应用和研究现状

布氏杆菌病是由布氏杆菌引起的一种重要的人兽共患病。布氏杆菌具有宿主广泛、传染性强以及感染后根治困难等特点,对畜牧业和人类健康均构成严重威胁,疫苗免疫是预防和控制布氏杆菌病的主要措施。迄今国内外已有多个弱毒活疫苗在使用,但均存在一定的缺陷,因此研究更理想的疫苗一直是控制布氏杆菌病的重点。目前除了常规诱变筛选新的弱毒株外,人们正通过基因工程技术构建重组弱毒疫苗、DNA疫苗以及亚单位疫苗。本文简述了布氏杆菌病疫苗的应用及新型疫苗的研究现状。     

犬种布鲁氏菌的遗传多样性分析

【背景】犬种布鲁氏菌是犬种布病的病原菌,主要导致犬流产和繁殖障碍。虽然犬种布鲁氏菌感染人群的病例极为少见,但是犬种布鲁氏菌对人的安全风险仍存在争议。目前,我国犬种布病的流行病学特征及犬种布鲁氏菌的遗传多样性的研究相对缺乏。开展犬种布病的流行特征及遗传多样性调查对加强犬种布病的监测防控具有重要意义。【目的】对犬种布病的流行病学特征和犬种布鲁氏菌的遗传多态性进行调查,为犬种布病的防控提供参考。【方法】采用常规鉴定方法和BCSS-PCR对63株试验菌株进行鉴定。采用HGDI (Hunter and Gaston diversity index)多态性指数调查犬种布鲁氏菌的遗传多态性,用MLVA方法基于BioNumerics5.0软件对菌株进行聚类分析,揭示犬种布病的流行病学特点。此外,基于MLVA-11采用goeBURST软件构建犬种布鲁氏菌的最小生成树(Minimum spanning tree,MST),阐述我国犬种布鲁氏菌的地理起源特征。【结果】常规鉴定方法和BCSS-PCR扩增结果显示63株试验菌株全部为犬种布鲁氏菌。BCSS-PCR与常规鉴定方法的符合率为100%,BCSS-PCR的分析敏感性为10-3 (即50 pg/μL犬种布鲁氏菌DNA)。我国犬种布鲁氏菌具有较高的遗传多样性,基于HGDI分析表明Panel 2B的5个位点具有较高的变异度,等位基因型由高到底依次为bruce09(11) bruce07(8)bruce16(7)bruce04(6)bruce30(5)。MLVA聚类分析表明北京地区出现了3次较小规模的犬种布病暴发流行,其余地区均为零星散发。我国犬种布鲁氏菌可分为5个地理集群,以MLVA-11基因26型克隆群为主导种群,该种群与来自美国、希腊、加拿大、法国、罗马尼亚和韩国等国家的菌株具有共同的地理起源,其余4个种群为中国特有。【结论】我国犬种布鲁氏菌呈现高度的遗传多样性并有广泛的地理来源,表现为输入性和中国特有血统共存的起源进化特征。     

Infection by Brucella melitensis or Brucella papionis modifies essential physiological functions of human trophoblasts

Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the Brucella genus. In ruminants, brucellosis causes abortion, followed by chronic infection and secretion of bacteria in milk. In humans, it usually presents as flu‐like symptoms, with serious complications if untreated. Epidemiological studies have only recently established that brucellosis can also cause pregnancy complications in women, but the pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. Pioneering studies in ruminants showed that Brucella infect trophoblasts and then colonise the placenta where they grow to high density. A recent study showed that the main zoonotic Brucella species can infect human cytotrophoblasts (CTB) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVT). In this work, we show that Brucella papionis (associated with stillbirth in primates) also infects human trophoblasts. However, it replicates actively in CTB, whereas its replication is very restricted within EVT. We also observed alteration of several trophoblastic functions upon infection by B. papionis or Brucella melitensis (the most prevalent species in human brucellosis). Infection altered the production of hormones, the ability of CTB to form syncytiotrophoblasts, and the invasion capacity of EVT. We also found that infection can spread between different types of trophoblasts. These findings constitute a new step in understanding how Brucella infection causes adverse pregnancy outcomes.     

Brucella pathogenesis, genes identified from random large-scale screens

Pathogenicity islands, specialized secretion systems, virulence plasmids, fimbriae, pili, adhesins, and toxins are all classical bacterial virulence factors. However, many of these factors, though widespread among bacterial pathogens, are not necessarily found among bacteria that colonize eukaryotic cells in a pathogenic/symbiotic relationship. Bacteria that form these relationships have developed other strategies to infect and grow in their hosts. This is particularly true for Brucella and other members of the class Proteobacteria. Thus far the identification of virulence factors for Brucella has been largely dependent on large-scale screens and testing in model systems. The genomes of the facultative intracellular pathogens Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis were sequenced recently. This has identified several more potential virulence factors for Brucella that were not found in large screens. Here, we present an overall view of Brucella virulence by compiling virulence data from the study of 184 attenuated mutants.