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1.
胸腺嘧啶乙二醇(thymine glycol,Tg)是常见的氧化性DNA损伤碱基之一。DNA中的Tg能够分别阻止DNA聚合酶和RNA聚合酶进行DNA复制和转录,导致相应的生物学过程终止,进而会引起细胞的死亡,因此DNA中的Tg需要被修复。核酸内切酶Ⅲ(endonuclease Ⅲ,EndoⅢ)是一种双功能DNA糖苷酶,能够切除DNA中的Tg,从而启动碱基切除修复途径进行修复DNA中的Tg。细菌、古菌和真核生物的基因组序列中均存在有EndoⅢ蛋白的编码基因。目前,源自于细菌和真核生物的EndoⅢ已有较多的研究,而古菌EndoⅢ的研究相对较少。基于目前已有的极端嗜热古菌EndoⅢ的研究报道,本文综述了极端嗜热古菌EndoⅢ的研究进展,并展望了今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

2.
高温会加快碱基脱氨基反应形成损伤碱基的速率,进一步对脱氨基的碱基进行复制会导致突变。因此,极端嗜热古菌基因组的稳定性面临着其生存高温环境的挑战。胞嘧啶脱氨基形成尿嘧啶,是常见的脱碱基类型,复制DNA中尿嘧啶会造成GC→AT的突变。尿嘧啶DNA糖苷酶(Uracil DNA glycosylase,UDG)是修复DNA中尿嘧啶的关键酶。基于识别底物的特异性,UDG分为6个家族,广泛分布在细菌、古菌、真核生物以及一些病毒中。基因组序列显示,极端嗜热古菌至少编码一种UDG。目前,对于细菌和真核生物的UDG已进行了大量的研究,但是关于极端嗜热古菌UDG的研究相对较少,尚处于初期阶段。本文综述了极端嗜热古菌UDG的研究进展,并对今后的研究提出了展望。  相似文献   

3.
宋吴涛  刘喜朋  缪晓玲 《微生物学报》2021,61(12):4070-4085
[目的] 表达纯化嗜酸嗜热硫化叶菌(Sulfolobus acidocaldarius)的核酸内切酶V (Saci_0544),对其核酸内切酶活性及酶学特征进行探究。[方法] 将Sulfolobus acidocaldarius核酸内切酶V (SacEndoV)在大肠杆菌中进行重组表达,经亲和层析纯化得到目标蛋白;利用带有不同类型损伤的寡核苷酸作为底物,结合变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,鉴定SacEndoV对相应损伤寡核苷酸底物的剪切活性。[结果] SacEndoV特异性剪切含脱氧肌苷(Deoxyinosine)的损伤DNA底物,明显偏好单链DNA底物。SacEndoV在70-95℃温度范围内酶活性高,酶活性依赖于二价金属离子,Mg2+为最佳辅助离子,其最佳反应pH为7.5-8.0,高于200 mmol/L的NaCl会明显抑制其剪切活性。损伤DNA中脱氧肌苷3''端相邻的脱氧核糖核苷酸的结构完整性对于SacEndoV识别并剪切相应底物具有重要影响,脱氧肌苷3''端无碱基位点的存在使得SacEndoV不能够切断损伤DNA。此外,经测定SacEndoV对于含肌苷的损伤RNA底物具有剪切活性。[结论] 本研究证实SacEndoV是一种典型的核酸内切酶V,对含脱氧肌苷的损伤DNA具有特异性的内切酶活性,推测其在Sulfolobus acidocaldarius体内参与脱氧肌苷的切除修复。  相似文献   

4.
7,8二氢-8-氧鸟嘌呤(7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine,8oxoG)是一种常见的DNA损伤碱基.由于8oxoG能够与腺嘌呤配对,在DNA中的8oxoG被修复之前进行复制,DNA将会产生GC→TA的突变,从而造成基因组的不稳定.目前,碱基切除修复(Base excision repair,BER)是修...  相似文献   

5.
采用Qsepharose离子交换层析、磷酸纤维素P1 1吸附层析、肝素琼脂糖吸附层析、Su perdex 2 0 0凝胶过滤和PhenylSuperose疏水层析等步骤 ,从嗜酸热芝田硫化叶菌细胞裂解液中分离纯化了一个DNA解旋酶。该解旋酶具有受DNA激活的ATP酶活性。根据SDS PAGE测定结果 ,该酶的分子质量约为 63kD。芝田硫化叶菌DNA解旋酶可以解开底物上 70bp的双链区 ,其解旋活性依赖于双链区旁的单链分叉。该解旋酶的活性依赖于Mg2 + 和ATP的水解 ,在NaCl浓度超过 2 0 0mmol L时受到抑制。该酶的最适pH为 6 7。该酶在 40℃~ 80℃之间均有活性 ,70℃时活性最高。芝田硫化叶菌DNA解旋酶是从古菌中分离得到的第一个天然DNA解旋酶。  相似文献   

6.
通过SPSepharose,DNA纤维素和磷酸纤维素等柱层析 ,从极端嗜热古菌———芝田硫化叶菌 (Sulfolobusshibatae)中纯化得到分子量为 11.5ku的DNA结合蛋白Ssh12 .Ssh12约占细胞总蛋白的 4% .该蛋白既能与负超螺旋DNA也能与松弛DNA结合 .利用含单切刻环状DNA进行的切刻闭合分析表明 ,Ssh12在与DNA结合时能够固定负超螺旋 .这种能力在室温 ( 2 2℃ )下很弱 ,而在 3 7℃以上则大大增强 .Ssh12的细胞内含量和固定负超螺旋的能力提示 ,该蛋白对于芝田硫化叶菌染色体DNA的组织以及热稳定性起着重要作用 .  相似文献   

7.
极端嗜热古菌的热休克蛋白   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
随着生物工程产业对于耐高温酶和菌体的需求, 极端嗜热古菌热休克蛋白(heat shock proteins, HSPs)的研究更受重视, 其热休克蛋白体系非常简洁, 不含HSP100s和HSP90s, 就是HSP70(DnaK)、HSP40、(DnaJ)和GrpE等嗜温古菌可能含有的在极端嗜热古菌中几乎不含有, 即仅包括HSP60, sHSP, prefoldin和AAA+蛋白四大类, 因此对其结构、功能和作用机制的研究在理论和实践上都特别有意义。系统地介绍了这四大类组分的结构、功能和作用机制和协同作用的研究进展, 论述了极端嗜热古菌热休克蛋白的系列研究难点和困惑, 展望了进一步的研究方向和重点。  相似文献   

8.
近年来,嗜极菌极端酶的分离鉴定取得了很大进展。本文简述了极端酶的分离纯化及其某些生化特性、极端酶的稳定因素和应用。极端酶的发现与研究,拓宽了传统的生物催化及应用的范围。但是,关于极端酶的稳定机制及其工业应用,仍有许多难题需要解决。  相似文献   

9.
极端嗜酸热古菌S5菌株的重新分类研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
对已经鉴定的嗜酸热硫球菌 (Sulfosphaerellusthermoacidophilumgen.nov .sp .nov)S5菌株的进一步研究发现 ,它既能在好氧条件也能在厌氧条件下代谢元素硫进行化能自养生长 ,结合其 1 6SrRNA基因的分子系统学分析 ,S5菌株应归于Acidianus属。另外 ,S5菌株与Acidianus属中三个已知种基因组DNA的同源性分别仅有 44%、2 2 %和 2 3% ,DNA中G +Cmol%为 38,与已知种 31 0和 32 7有较大差异 ;而且 ,在代谢特性上S5菌株为专性化能无机营养型 ,与Acidianusbrierleyi有明显不同。因此S5菌株应是Acidianus属中一个新种 ,建议定名为 :腾冲嗜酸两面菌 (Acidianustengchongensessp .nov .)。  相似文献   

10.
嗜极菌的极端酶   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
近年来,嗜极菌极端酶的分离鉴定以得了很大进展,本文简述了极端酶的分离纯化及其某些生化特性,极端酶的稳定因素和应用。极端酶的发现与研究,拓宽了传统的生物催化及应用的范围,但是,关于极端酶的稳定机制及其工业应用,仍有许多难题需要解决。  相似文献   

11.
RecA/Rad51/RadA家族蛋白是细胞内重要的重组修复蛋白,在功能上非常保守。研究发现在细菌、真核生物、甲烷古菌和嗜盐古菌细胞内RecA/Rad51/RadA均可以受紫外线辐射诱导转录。而对极端嗜热古菌中的RadA辐射可诱导性仍存在争议。通过体外表达极端嗜热古菌Sulfolobus tokodaii的RadA蛋白,制备抗体,利用免疫学方法并结合RT-PCR分析,对嗜热古菌S.tokodaii中RadA的辐射诱导进行了研究。经过100J/m2和200J/m2UV辐照处理,radA基因的转录分别上调了2倍和3倍,同时RadA蛋白的表达分别上升了1.5倍和1倍。实验结果表明S.tokodaii中RadA可以被紫外线辐射诱导表达,证实了极端嗜热古菌S.tokodaii细胞中存在DNA损伤诱导反应的观点。  相似文献   

12.
超嗜热古菌能够生活在80℃以上的高温环境中,它们的耐热性已经成为当前研究的热点之一。以往对超嗜热菌的认识多集中于蛋白质的耐热性,而很少有关于基因组热稳定性的综述文章。综述了当前对超嗜热古菌的基因组稳定性以及DNA损伤识别机制的研究进展,以期更好地了解超嗜热古菌的耐热机制。  相似文献   

13.
The XPF/Mus81 structure-specific endonucleases cleave double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) within asymmetric branched DNA substrates and play an essential role in nucleotide excision repair, recombination and genome integrity. We report the structure of an archaeal XPF homodimer alone and bound to dsDNA. Superposition of these structures reveals a large domain movement upon binding DNA, indicating how the (HhH)(2) domain and the nuclease domain are coupled to allow the recognition of double-stranded/single-stranded DNA junctions. We identify two nonequivalent DNA-binding sites and propose a model in which XPF distorts the 3' flap substrate in order to engage both binding sites and promote strand cleavage. The model rationalises published biochemical data and implies a novel role for the ERCC1 subunit of eukaryotic XPF complexes.  相似文献   

14.
    
An 11.5-ku DNA binding protein, designated as Sshl2, was purified from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus shibatae by column chromatography in SP Sepharose, DNA cellulose and phosphocellulose. Sshl2 accounts for about 4 % of the total cellular protein. The protein is capable of binding to both negatively supercoiled and relaxed DNAs. Nick closure analysis revealed that Sshl2 constrains negative supercoils upon binding to DNA. While the ability of the protein to constrain supercoils is weak at 22℃ , it is enhanced substantially at temperatures higher than 37℃ . Both the cellular content and supercoil-constraining ability of Sshl2 suggest that the protein may play an important role in the organization and stabilization of the chromosome of S. shibatae.  相似文献   

15.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
An 11.5-ku DNA binding protein, designated as Sshl2, was purified from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus shibatae by column chromatography in SP Sepharose, DNA cellulose and phosphocellulose. Sshl2 accounts for about 4 % of the total cellular protein. The protein is capable of binding to both negatively supercoiled and relaxed DNAs. Nick closure analysis revealed that Sshl2 constrains negative supercoils upon binding to DNA. While the ability of the protein to constrain supercoils is weak at 22℃ , it is enhanced substantially at temperatures higher than 37℃ . Both the cellular content and supercoil-constraining ability of Sshl2 suggest that the protein may play an important role in the organization and stabilization of the chromosome of S. shibatae.  相似文献   

16.
To investigate how hyperthermophilic archaea can propagate their genomes accurately, we isolated Sulfolobus acidocaldarius mutants exhibiting abnormally high rates of spontaneous mutation. Our isolation strategy involved enrichment for mutator lineages via alternating selections, followed by screening for the production of spontaneous, 5-fluoro-orotate-resistant mutants in micro-colonies. Several candidates were evaluated and found to have high frequencies of pyrE and pyrF mutation and reversion. Neither an increased efficiency of plating of mutants on selective medium, nor the creation of a genetically unstable pyrE allele, could be implicated as the cause of these high frequencies. The strains had elevated frequencies of other mutations, and exhibited certain phenotypic differences among themselves. A large increase in sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents was not observed, however. These properties generally resemble those of bacterial mutator mutants and suggest loss of functions specific to genetic accuracy.  相似文献   

17.
    
Oxidatively generated guanine radical cations in DNA can undergo various nucleophilic reactions including the formation of C8-guanine cross-links with adjacent or nearby N3-thymines in DNA in the presence of O2. The G*[C8-N3]T* lesions have been identified in the DNA of human cells exposed to oxidative stress, and are most likely genotoxic if not removed by cellular defense mechanisms. It has been shown that the G*[C8-N3]T* lesions are substrates of nucleotide excision repair in human cell extracts. Cleavage at the sites of the lesions was also observed but not further investigated (Ding et al. (2012) Nucleic Acids Res. 40, 2506–2517). Using a panel of eukaryotic and prokaryotic bifunctional DNA glycosylases/lyases (NEIL1, Nei, Fpg, Nth, and NTH1) and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases (Apn1, APE1, and Nfo), the analysis of cleavage fragments by PAGE and MALDI-TOF/MS show that the G*[C8-N3]T* lesions in 17-mer duplexes are incised on either side of G*, that none of the recovered cleavage fragments contain G*, and that T* is converted to a normal T in the 3′-fragment cleavage products. The abilities of the DNA glycosylases to incise the DNA strand adjacent to G*, while this base is initially cross-linked with T*, is a surprising observation and an indication of the versatility of these base excision repair proteins.  相似文献   

18.
施静茹  张立奎 《微生物学报》2023,63(4):1318-1328
RecJ蛋白属于aspartate-histidine-histidine (DHH)磷酸酯酶超家族,存在于细菌、真核生物和古菌中。细菌RecJ蛋白是一种5′→3′ssDNA外切酶,参与错配修复、同源重组、碱基切除修复等生物学过程。真核生物cell division cycle 45 (Cdc45)蛋白是细菌RecJ核酸酶的同源物,但不具有核酸酶活性。Cdc45蛋白能够与minichromosomemaintenance(MCM)和Go-Ichi-Ni-San(GINS)形成Cdc45-MCM-GINS (CMG)复合物,是真核生物DNA复制的重要组分。在古菌中,几乎所有基因组已测序的古菌均编码一种或多种RecJ蛋白同源物。与细菌RecJ核酸酶不同,古菌RecJ蛋白具有多样化的核酸酶活性,并且能够与MCM和GINS形成类似于真核生物CMG的复合物。因此,古菌RecJ蛋白是参与古菌DNA复制、修复和重组的重要成分。基于目前古菌RecJ蛋白的研究报道,本文综述了古菌RecJ蛋白的活性、结构与功能方面的研究进展,聚焦于不同古菌RecJ蛋白以及它们与细菌RecJ核酸酶和真核生物RecJ同源物的...  相似文献   

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