通过“现代微生物学技术”课程教学培养研究生创新能力的实践

创新能力提升是当前研究生培养的核心目标,为了探索提高硕士研究生创新能力的课程教学新模式,笔者以微生物学相关专业学术型硕士研究生的选修课程——“现代微生物学技术”课程为例,对课程的教学内容、方法、考核方式等开展了探索与实践。授课教师通过案例教学、研讨式课堂和评价方式的改革,不仅让研究生掌握了现代微生物学技术的相关专业知识和学科前沿,更加提升了学生发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力,进而提高了研究生的创新能力。     

以职业教育为导向探究地方高师微生物学实验教学

针对地方性高等师范院校的人才培养目标,结合中学新课改下的微生物学实验教学,从强化师范生职业技能的角度对微生物学实验教学进行了改革.以培养学生的实践技能和创造性思维为出发点,从实验内容、教学方法、考核体系及毕业论文选题等方面入手,尝试建立一套适合地方性高等师范院校微生物学实验课程的教学体系.     

中药学专业微生物学教学课程设计探索

对中药学专业微生物学课程教学内容及模式进行优化改革，以期提升课程的教学质量，进一步激发学生的学习兴趣，夯实基础知识和专业技能。首先分析了目前中药学专业开设的微生物学课程中出现的实际问题，其次在总课时不变的前提下，基于中药材及其相关微生物，并结合地方及中医药特色，进行教学内容的调整、教学手段的改革和考核方式的完善等，使该门课程更符合专业发展需求。在理论教学中调整课时比例，突出微生物学基础知识及微生物在药学中的应用两部分内容。在实践教学中进行分层教学，加深学生对课程知识的理解，同时突出目标导向，培养学生综合实践能力。在教学手段方面，采用模块化与其他教学模式相结合的方式，帮助学生构建微生物学相关知识体系，理解并掌握所学知识。此外，增加平时学习情况及实践方面的考核比例，促使学生重视课程学习及实践能力培养。课程优化后，学生的学习难度有所下降，学习目标更加明确，所学的微生物学知识与中药学专业联系更为密切，更加符合人才培养目标。     

基于应用技术型人才培养模式下的环境微生物学教学改革探索

环境微生物学是环境工程专业的必修专业课,课程的开展对培养学生应用技术能力和提高综合素质等至关重要。传统教学模式使应用技术型人才的培养受到局限,通过分析环镜微生物学课程的理论教学、实验教学、教学形式和师资建设等方面现状,阐述了改革思路和具体措施,以期达到提高学生应用能力的目的,为实现应用技术型人才培养目标进行探索与实践。     

“新工科”背景下环境微生物学课程实践教学育人模式的探索

从"新工科"背景下环境微生物学课程实践教学改革的现实意义出发,阐述了构建基于"新工科"要求的环境微生物学课程实践教学模式。该实践教学模式从学科基础实验、校企合作实训、课程设计实践和教学实践德育等4个方面进行设计,要求以提升学生的思想道德素质和实践能力为目标,达到契合环境微生物行业发展需求的目的。实践教学环节有效地加强了师生间的互动交流,激发了学生的实践创新积极性,为培养符合"新工科"要求的复合型、实践型具有环境微生物学知识背景的工程师提供了良好的实践平台。     

化学生物学专业微生物学课程教学探索与实践

随着科学技术的发展,微生物学的研究内容与对象都发生了较大变化,与其他学科的交叉会产生新的学科与专业,对新型专业的微生物学课程进行教学改革与探索对于培养复合型与创新型人才十分重要。为适应我校化学生物学专业学生的培养要求,我们对微生物学的教学内容、教学方法和考核方式3个方面进行调整。化学生物学专业微生物学课程独立开课5年来基本达到我校教学目标与化学生物学专业学生的培养要求,本文介绍我校化学生物学专业微生物学课程的改革内容与方向,供同行指正。     

融美育于微生物学教学的实践与思考

众多自然科学课程中,蕴藏着丰富的美育教育资源。近年来,华中农业大学微生物学课程教学团队把美育纳入教育目标,丰富课程教学中的美育实践,通过开展形象化教学、实践型教学、启发式教学,在教学过程中有机融入美的欣赏、美的表现和美的创造。实践表明,融美育于微生物学教学不仅有助于开发和增强学生的审美需求、审美能力和审美意识,还有助于激发学生学习兴趣、提升专业自信、培养健全人格。     

“双一流”建设背景下农业微生物学课程教学改革的探索

农业微生物学是农业院校的一门专业基础课。在微生物学领域研究成果日新月异的今天,改革传统的教学理念和教学方法势在必行。本文针对教学过程中的各个环节和层面探讨了农业微生物学教材内容的变化、实验教学内容的拓展和延伸、教学意识形态的转变等方面,以更好地培养学生的创新能力,向实现建设有中国特色社会主义一流农业大学的目标迈进。     

地方本科院校微生物学课程教学改革探索

微生物学是生命科学类专业重要基础课程之一,该课程应用性强。为了更好地实现地方本科院校应用型人才培养目标,本文结合我市产业特点及课程现状,对微生物学课程的理论、实验、实践教学及师资培养等环节尝试了一些改革探索,取得了一定的成效。     

基于网络微平台教学的微生物学实验精细化及个性化教学改革

为更好地适应信息化时代的微生物学实验教学特点,全面落实培养学生创新能力的全新微生物学实验教学手段体系的目标,在本次教改过程中,我们根据学生性格特点、学习成绩、爱好取向等多方面因素,对实验课程进行了精细化、个性化的分组,同时针对性地选取现代化网络微平台开展实验教学(课堂派、微助教、雨课堂、UMU、班级优化大师等),并进行了为期一年的试点改革。改革结果发现,基于网络微平台的精细化及个性化的混合交互式教学,促进了教学由"定性分析"向"精准定量分析"转变。学生深感多层次微生物学实验教学体系配合精细化教学手段和工具,能更加有助于个性化实践学习,极大激发了学习兴趣,提高了学习效果,全面提升了学生的综合创新能力。     

Antibiotics in the treatment of wounds in the victims of the earthquake in the Armenian SSR

Purulent wounds in 88 victims of the Armenian earthquake with the syndrome of long-term squeezing were examined microbiologically and the experience with using antimicrobial drugs for their treatment was analyzed. In all the cases microbial associations were detected, coliform and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, anaerobes and yeast-like fungi being isolated from 80, 20, 15 and 25 per cent of the patients respectively. 130 bacterial strains were studied in detail. 80 to 100 per cent of the bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotics routinely used in surgical practice, i.e. benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, levomycetin, kanamycin, cephalothin and cefazolin and highly sensitive to new antimicrobial drugs belonging to ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (cefoperazone and ceftazidime). Retrospective estimation of the antibiotic therapy revealed its inadequacy in 55.7 per cent of the patients for the most part because of the isolates resistance. The 19 variants of the antibiotic use prescribed by the physicians mainly included penicillins, aminoglycosides and their combinations (in 67.2 per cent of the cases). The use of the highly efficient drugs of the groups of ureidopenicillins and quinolones was extremely rare which was likely due to lacking of information on the drugs.     

Histogenesis of the taste buds of the vallate papilla in the in the rat in the postnatal stages of development

The developing taste buds of vallate papillae were studied with electron microscope in rats during the first 7 days after birth. Two types of cells--light and dark--are identified in the taste buds of a one day old animal. The apical parts of dark cells are characterized by numerous dark granules. A distinguishing feature of light cells is the presence of synaptic contacts with afferent intragemmal nerves. On the 4th day of development on the top of the apical parts of the cell, a microvillar apparatus is seen to form, which does not yet communicate with the oral cavity. On the 7th day, basal cells appear in the taste buds. Some of these cells are seen mitotically dividing. The differentiated microvillar apparatus now communicates with oral cavity. The structure of the taste buds is getting similar to that in the adults. The structural and functional peculiarities of the developing taste buds are discussed in association with the period of ontogenesis under consideration.     

Changes in the size of the nucleoli of the Purkinje cells in the canine cerebellum in the postresuscitation period

The changes in the size of Purkinje cell (PC) nucleolus in the lateral and medial cerebellum zones were studied in dogs with different degree of neurologic status recovery after clinical death of various etiology and duration. PC always possess one nucleolus in the control and experimental groups. In the case of complete neurologic status recovery of animals the area of PC nucleolus increases in both zones studied, irrespective of the cause of clinical death. In the case of neurologic disorders the increase in PC nucleolus area is clearly expressed only in the medial zone of the cerebellum, being insignificant in the lateral zone. It is suggested that adaptive characteristics of PC are distinct in the two compared zones, which leads to greater PC vulnerability in the lateral zone during deep hypoxia.     

Frequency of the stages in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat

This study determined the optimum number of tubules to be counted per testis cross section, and the number of animals per treatment group, when changes in stage frequencies in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium are criteria for assessing effects of treatment on spermatogenesis. A data base of 9,672 observed and staged tubules was collected from testicular cross sections of 15 Sprague-Dawley rats. A significant variation between animals was found for the frequencies of Stages I, II, IV, VI, VIII, and XIII. Computer simulation was used to randomly select different combinations of animal and tubule numbers from the observed data. Stage frequency means from each simulation experiment were compared statistically to observed mean frequencies. A model that used data from all 14 stages was analyzed. The following conclusions were made: a) a minimum of 200 tubule cross sections/testis is recommended for estimating stage frequencies; b) for a fixed number of tubules scored, the number of animals sampled is more important than the number of tubules per animal in reducing variance; c) to detect a difference of 2 standard deviations from the mean with a 2% error rate and examining 200 tubules/testis, at least 12 animals must be used per group when assessing all 14 stages; d) when individual stages are examined using 10 animals per group, only Stage VII has 80% or greater power of test (alpha = 0.05) to detect a frequency difference; e) pooling stages into 3-4 groups is recommended to improve the power of detecting a treatment difference.     

Psychological Attributes of the Culture of the Ukrainians in the Modern Stage of the Development of Society and Trends in Changes in These Attributes in the Post-Soviet Period

The authors of the article focus on the transition of the former Soviet state of Ukraine to a market economy. One aspect of the analysis is the cultural values and attitudes of the citizens in a new situation. Market economy and entrepreneurship demand new types of motivation and individual values from people. A challenge for social psychology in the country is the further elaboration of methodological basis of research.     

Immunohistochemistry of the cytoskeleton in the excurrent ducts of the testis in birds of the Galloanserae monophyly

The presence, location and degree of immunoexpression of various microfilament (MF) and intermediate filament (IF) systems (actin, cytokeratins, desmin, vimentin) were studied in the excurrent ducts of the testis in sexually mature and active galliform (Japanese quail, domestic fowl, turkey) and anseriform (duck) birds. These proteins were variably expressed between the epithelia and periductal tissue (periductal smooth muscle cell layer and interductal connective tissue) types and between species. Variable heterogeneous co-expression of filament systems was also found in the various duct epithelia and periductal tissue types: co-expression of filament systems was the rule rather than the exception. In the duck, neither vimentin nor cytokeratin was present in any of the tissues, whereas actin and desmin (absent in the rete testis) were co-expressed in the efferent ducts and epididymal duct unit (comprising the ductus conjugens, ductus epididymidis and ductus deferens). Actin, desmin and vimentin were generally co-expressed in the rete testis, efferent ducts and epididymal duct unit of the quail, domestic fowl and turkey, with vimentin being more strongly immunoreactive than actin and desmin in the epididymal duct unit, but more weakly immunoexpressed in the efferent ducts. Cytokeratin was present and co-expressed with actin, desmin and vimentin in the rete testis, efferent ducts and epididymal duct unit of the domestic fowl and turkey, but not in the quail and duck. The periductal smooth muscle cell layer and interductal tissue co-expressed actin, desmin and vimentin variably in all birds. Luminal spermatozoa of both the turkey and duck were immunonegative for all protein systems, whereas those of the quail and domestic fowl co-expressed actin, desmin and vimentin moderately or strongly. The tissues of the reproductive tract of male birds thus contain cytoskeletal protein systems that are variably but mostly co-expressed and whose contractile ability appears necessary and sufficient for transportation through the various excurrent ducts of the voluminous testicular fluid and its high sperm content, characteristic features of male avian reproduction.