黄土高原典型草原植物群落组成对降水变化的响应

探讨典型草原植物群落组成对降水变化的响应动态,可为草地管理应对全球变化提供理论和实践依据。本研究以黄土高原腹地宁夏固原云雾山封育20年的典型草原为研究对象(模拟降水实验进行4年),利用遮雨棚模拟3个不同的降水梯度,分别是自然降水量的50%(PR)、100%(CK)和150%(PI),每个降水梯度设置3个生物学重复。通过记录样地内植物的高度、频度、多度、密度和生物量,定量分析了降水量的变化对典型草原植物群落物种多样性和生物量的影响。结果表明:(1)植物功能群对不同降水处理的响应差异显著,与CK相比,豆科植物总生物量在PR和PI处理下分别降低了42.72%和11.81%,杂类草总生物量分别降低了74.49%和30.42%,而禾本科植物总生物量分别增加了26.71%和97.06%。(2)降水变化对物种丰富度(P <0.05)、Shannon-Wiener指数(P <0.05)、Simpson指数(P <0.01)均有显著或极显著影响。降水变化在一定程度上改变了植物群落物种丰富度和优势度,导致植物群落结构发生变化,从而改变植物群落组成。(3)随降水量增加,优势种星毛委陵菜(P...     

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘草本层对积雪变化的响应

草本层是古尔班通古特沙漠植物群落下层层片的构建者, 冬季积雪提供了其生长发育所需要的主要水分, 积雪的增加或减少对草本植物数量和生物量会产生显著的影响。该研究利用人工增减积雪的方法, 在古尔班通古特沙漠南缘设置了5个不同厚度的积雪处理: 0积雪、50%积雪、100%积雪、150%积雪和200%积雪, 其中100%积雪为自然积雪。采用1 m × 1 m的样方, 对草本层片的物种数、盖度、密度、高度进行了调查, 还采用收获法测定了草本层片的地上生物量和优势种小花荆芥(Nepeta micrantha)的单株地上生物量。对研究区内13个科29种草本植物的研究表明: 1)单位面积出土幼苗数量跟积雪厚度呈显著正相关关系, 草本层片的盖度、密度对积雪的变化响应显著, 随着积雪增加, 草本层片的密度和盖度呈递增趋势, 而草本层片的平均高度呈递减趋势, 但不同积雪处理间的物种数和总地上生物量没有显著差异; 2)积雪厚度与优势种的株高和地上生物量呈显著负相关关系, 积雪的增加导致优势种的单株生物量和株高显著降低; 3)积雪厚度的变化主要影响了草本层片植物种子萌发的数量, 但对物种数量没有显著影响。这表明: 虽然积雪是草本植物的主要水分来源之一, 但荒漠植物群落的草本植物对积雪的变化具有很强的缓冲能力, 即使积雪很少, 草本层片的物种构成也不会发生显著变化, 草本层片的净初级生产力也保持相对稳定。     

宁南山区华北落叶松林下草本层群落特征及其影响因素

林下草本植物是森林生态系统的基本组成要素,对森林的更新、生态系统结构、功能的维持和提升具有重要作用,理解林下草本层群落特征及其影响因素,有助于构建理想的林-草结合模式。本研究以宁南山区泾源县无人为干扰的华北落叶松林人工林、间伐处理的华北落叶松林人工林和华北落叶松与白桦自然混交林为研究对象,探究林下草本层群落特征(物种多样性和地上生物量)及其与土壤理化特性(土壤容重、含水量、全碳含量、全氮含量及全磷含量)和林分结构(密度和郁闭度)的关系。结果表明：(1)与人工林相比,自然混交林林下草本植物组成最丰富(34种),且物种多样性和地上生物量也最高;(2)自然混交林林下土壤特性均优于人工林,但间伐处理的人工林林下土壤特性较无人为干扰的人工林土壤特性有显著提高;(3)冗余分析表明,林下草本层物种多样性主要与土壤含水量、土壤全碳、全氮和全磷含量呈正相关,与土壤容重、林分密度和郁闭度呈负相关,且林分密度、0～20 cm土层含水量对林下草本物种多样性有显著影响(P<0.05);(4)回归分析结果表明,0～20 cm土层的土壤特性、物种丰富度和优势度、林分密度及郁闭度显著影响林下草本地上生物量的积累...     

荒漠草原土壤细菌和真菌群落对降水变化的响应

为揭示荒漠草原土壤细菌、真菌群落对降水变化的响应机制,利用人工控制的方法,采用单因素完全随机设计,设自然降水(T₀)、自然降水减少50%(T₁)、自然降水减少25%(T₂)、自然降水增加25%(T₃)、自然降水增加50%(T₄)5个处理,通过Illumina高通量测序和生物信息学分析,研究了不同降水增、减强度对荒漠草原土壤细菌和真菌群落的影响以及植物群落、土壤理化性状和微生物群落三者间的相互关系。结果表明：在荒漠草原的5个降水量下,T₄处理的土壤细菌、真菌群落丰富度指数均高于其他处理,与T₀处理间差异显著;细菌优势类群中绿弯菌门和真菌稀有类群的壶菌门相对丰度对降水变化敏感。冗余分析表明,环境因子能分别解释土壤细菌和真菌群落总变异的92.8%和87.4%。降水和土壤pH是影响细菌多样性和群落组成的主要环境因子,降水一方面对细菌多样性及群落组成产生极显著的直接正效应,另一方面通过影响土壤水分改变pH,进而对细菌多样性和群落组成产生显著的间...     

陕北“三北”防护林下草本群落特征及其与林分结构和土壤养分的关系

林下草本层是人工林生态系统的基础功能层,对维护人工林生态系统的健康、稳定和功能具有重要意义。了解陕北“三北”防护林建设对林下草本群落特征的影响,并解析林下草本群落发育与林分结构和土壤养分变化的响应关系,对合理评估防护林建设工作和指导未来生态建设具有重要价值。为此,调查了陕北典型风沙区和黄土区不同造林阶段防护林下草本地上生物量和物种多样性的变化,并分析其与林分结构和土壤养分的关系。结果表明：（1）风沙区不同造林阶段人工林下草本平均地上生物量（23.64 g/m2）显著低于黄土区（44.53 g/m2）。随造林年限增加,风沙区林下草本地上生物量和物种多样性逐渐升高,而黄土区林下草本地上生物量和物种多样性则逐渐降低。（2）风沙区人工林土壤有效氮和有机碳随造林年限的增加逐渐升高,而黄土区人工林下土壤有效氮和有机碳则无明显变化趋势。（3）风沙区早期林下草本地上生物量和物种多样性升高主要得益于土壤养分的提升。而黄土区早期林下草本生物量和物种多样性降低主要是人工林郁闭度增加所致。风沙区防护林的建设促进了林下草本的发育,而黄土区早期人工林下草本出现退化现象。建议对风沙区进行防护林建设,而黄土区以自然恢复为主。     

乌兰布和沙漠-西鄂尔多斯荒漠草原过渡带灌木群落对生长季降水的响应

降水是影响荒漠植物群落结构和多样性的主要因子。研究乌兰布和沙漠-西鄂尔多斯荒漠草原过渡带植物群落特征及多样性对生长季内降水波动的响应,对该区的植物保护和生态环境建设具有重要意义。结合2020年生长季对驼绒藜、霸王、四合木和沙冬青群落固定样地的植被调查数据与同期降水量资料,分析了该区典型灌木群落特征及多样性随降水的变化趋势。7～9月,随着降水增加,驼绒藜群落内的多年生草本种类显著增加;4个灌木群落内的一年生草本种类显著增加。驼绒藜群落的密度显著增加;霸王和四合木群落的盖度显著增加。四合木群落草本层的Patrick丰富度指数显著增加;霸王群落草本层的Patrick丰富度指数显著增加,Simpson指数和Pielow指数显著降低;沙冬青群落草本层的4个多样性指数均显著增加。乌兰布和沙漠-西鄂尔多斯荒漠草原过渡带不同灌木群落特征及多样性对降水变化响应差异较大,灌木层受降水影响较小,草本层对降水增加响应比较敏感。     

黄土高原腹地人工林下草本层群落构建机制

群落构建机制是生态学研究的核心论题。生态位理论和中性理论是阐明群落构建的两种主要理论, 但这两种理论分别强调的环境过滤和扩散限制对群落构建的影响尚存争议。该研究以黄土高原人工林下草本层群落为研究对象, 将群落物种组成数据与地理空间、气候、地形以及生物因子相结合, 运用随机森林模型(RF)和基于距离矩阵的多元回归方法(MRM), 探究了各个因子的重要性, 并通过邻体主坐标矩阵(PCNM)和基于距离的冗余分析(db-RDA)分别筛选显著的空间结构和环境因子, 最后结合筛选出的PCNM特征值和环境变量进行变差分解。研究结果显示: 1)林下草本层群落组成相似性随地理距离和生境差异的增加而减小。2)地理距离与生境差异共同解释了群落组成相似性变化的47.8%。其中, 空间因子和环境因子的独立解释率分别为14.1%和9.8%, 两者的联合解释率为23.9%。3)地理距离和年降水量是引起研究区内物种组成变化的关键因子, 且地理距离的重要性大于年降水量。在黄土高原腹地, 扩散限制与环境过滤共同主导了人工林下草本层群落的构建过程。     

红松洼自然保护区草甸群落结构与多样性对管理模式的响应

管理模式对草甸植物群落结构和多样性有重要影响。以红松洼国家级自然保护区为研究地点,对比研究了实验区、缓冲区和核心区草甸植物群落结构和多样性对不同管理模式的响应。结果表明:实验区群落盖度显著高于核心区和缓冲区(P<0.05),三个区群落高度差异不显著(P>0.05),核心区群落密度明显高于实验区和缓冲区(P<0.05),三个区枯死物现存量差异显著(P<0.05);实验区地上生物量显著低于缓冲区和核心区(P<0.05),核心区地下生物量明显高于缓冲区和实验区(P<0.05);三个区的地下生物量都主要分布在0～10cm土层,向下逐层降低,其中核心区和实验区绝大部分根系主要分布在土壤表层,但相对深度不同;实验区与缓冲区植物群落优势物种较多,多个物种共同占有优势,而核心区的优势种少,优势物种集中;Shannon指数大小依次为缓冲区>实验区>核心区,Margalef指数为缓冲区>核心区>实验区。     

浑善达克沙地不同微地形的土壤物理性质和草本群落分布及其相关性分析

采用样方调查和室内检测相结合法对内蒙古浑善达克沙地迎风坡、坡顶、背风坡和丘间地不同土层(0~10、10~20和20~40 cm)的土壤物理性质(包括含水量、田间持水量、容重、总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度)及草本群落的生产力(包括盖度和地上部生物量)和物种多样性(包括Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数)进行比较分析;在此基础上,采用Pearson相关性分析法对不同微地形的土壤物理性质与草本群落各指标间以及草本群落生产力与物种多样性各指标间的相关性进行分析.结果表明:4种微地形的土壤物理性质总体上差异显著,但不同土层的土壤物理性质总体上无明显差异;从丘间地、背风坡、坡顶到迎风坡,土壤的含水量、田间持水量、总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度依次递减,而土壤容重则依次递增,说明迎风坡的土壤结构较差且水分散失较多,而丘间地的土壤结构和水分状况均相对较好.不同微地形间草本群落生产力和物种多样性总体上也存在明显差异,从背风坡、丘间地、坡顶到迎风坡,草本群落的生产力和物种多样性依次递减,仅Margalef丰富度指数表现为在丘间地最高、在迎风坡最低,说明迎风坡的草本群落物种多样性较低,群落稳定性差,而背风坡和丘间地的草本群落物种多样性和生产力水平均较高,群落稳定性较好.相关性分析结果表明:该区域的草本群落生产力和物种多样性与土壤容重呈负相关,与土壤的其他物理性状呈正相关,但仅部分指标间有显著或极显著相关性;草本群落生产力与物种多样性各指标间呈正相关,但多数指标间的相关性并不显著.研究结果显示:微地形能够显著影响浑善达克沙地的土壤物理性质和草本群落的分布特征,气候和人为干扰使该沙地的土壤物理性质受到严重破坏,导致草本群落生产力降低并处于不稳定状态.     

黄河干流鱼类群落特征及其历史变化

为了解黄河干流鱼类群落现状及其历史变化,于2008年春季(5-6月)和秋季(9-11月)开展了黄河干流鱼类调查。共记录到鱼类54种,隶属于7目13科43属,其中该流域特有种4种。种类组成以鲤形目为主,占总数的68.5%。上游物种少,群落较为简单,中游和下游物种丰富,群落较为复杂并且较相似,种数自上游至下游逐渐增加。黄河鱼类在洄游、摄食、繁殖及栖息习性等方面呈现多样化特征。调查河段渔获物组成虽存在差异,但都以黄颡鱼属(Pelteobagrus spp.)、鲇(Silurus asotus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)以及鮈亚科等小型鱼类为主,小型化现象明显。对比历史资料分析显示,黄河鱼类物种多样性和资源量均呈明显下降趋势,特有种鱼类退化尤为显著,推测水资源过度开发、大量水工建筑、水体污染以及不合理利用等人为因素是导致变化的主要原因。     

Bacterial Community Responses to Soils along a Latitudinal and Vegetation Gradient on the Loess Plateau,China

Soil bacterial communities play an important role in nutrient recycling and storage in terrestrial ecosystems. Loess soils are one of the most important soil resources for maintaining the stability of vegetation ecosystems and are mainly distributed in northwest China. Estimating the distributions and affecting factors of soil bacterial communities associated with various types of vegetation will inform our understanding of the effect of vegetation restoration and climate change on these processes. In this study, we collected soil samples from 15 sites from north to south on the Loess Plateau of China that represent different ecosystem types and analyzed the distributions of soil bacterial communities by high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing. The results showed that the 142444 sequences were grouped into 36816 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on 97% similarity. The results of the analysis showed that the dominant taxonomic phyla observed in all samples were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the two most abundant groups in all samples. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria increased from 14.73% to 40.22% as the ecosystem changed from forest to sandy, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased from 35.35% to 21.40%. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria had significant correlations with mean annual precipitation (MAP), pH, and soil moisture and nutrients. MAP was significantly correlated with soil chemical and physical properties. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes correlated significantly with MAP, suggesting that MAP was a key factor that affected the soil bacterial community composition. However, along with the MAP gradient, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria had narrow ranges that did not significantly vary with the soil and environmental factors. Overall, we conclude that the edaphic properties and/or vegetation types are driving bacterial community composition. MAP was a key factor that affects the composition of the soil bacteria on the Loess Plateau of China.     

黄土高原与安塞县植被变化及其气候响应特征

利用1982～2003年黄土高原和安塞县归一化植被指数(NDVI)及安塞县气候资料,分析了黄土高原不同尺度范围植被的时间变异特征及其对安塞县气候变化的可能影响.结果表明:(1)22年间黄土高原植被NDVI以年均7.0×10-4增加,且春秋植被NDVI增加显著,表明黄土高原植被覆盖状况明显改善.(2)安塞县植被NDVI并未呈现显著增加趋势,且植被NDVI比黄土高原整体水平低22.93%,使得安塞县气候对黄土高原植被变化有显著的响应变化.(3)当黄土高原年际和春季植被NDVI每增加0.01,安塞县最高和最低气温分别增加0.42℃和0.26℃;生长季植被决定了黄土高原整体植被的分布,当其植被NDVI每增加0.01时,安塞县年均相对湿度增加1.14%,蒸发量和风速分别下降49.70 mm和0.06 m*s-1.可见黄土高原植被恢复对其所含县域尺度区域的气候有明显影响.     

Analysis of Precipitation Characteristics during 1957-2012 in the Semi-Arid Loess Plateau,China

Precipitation is the only water supply and most important factor affecting vegetation growth on the slopes of semi-arid Loess Plateau of China. Based on precipitation data from 7 synoptic stations in the study area over the period 1957–2012, the trends of precipitation and standardized precipitation index (SPI) were analyzed by using linear regression, Mann−Kendall, and Spearman’s Rho tests at the 5% significance level. The results show that (1) the precipitation fluctuation of monthly precipitation was intense (coefficients of variation> 100%), and the drier years were recorded as 1965 and 1995 at all stations. (2) The significant change trend of different stations varied on different time scales: the Changwu station had a significant decreasing trend in April (−0.488 mm/year) and November (−0.249 mm/year), while Luochuan station was in April (−0.457 mm/year); Changwu station displayed a significant increasing trends in winter (0.220 mm/year) and a significant decreasing trends in spring (−0.770 mm/year). The significant decreasing trends in annual precipitation were detected at the Suide (−2.034 mm/year) and Yan’an (–2.129 mm/year) stations. (3) The SPI−12 series analysis suggests that the drought degree of Yulin and Changwu was the lowest and that of Hengshan was the highest among the 7 synoptic stations.     

黄土高原植被物候变化及其对季节性气候变化的响应

受气候变化影响,全球范围内植被物候发生了显著变化,而目前针对不同植被分区类型下（荒漠草原区、典型草原区、森林草原区、落叶栎林区、落叶栎林亚区）植被物候变化及其对季节性气候变化响应的研究尚少。因此基于MODIS遥感归一化差值植被指数（MODIS NDVI：MOD13Q1）数据、中国植被区划数据及135个气象站点插值数据,利用Sen''s斜率估计、Hurst指数和高阶偏相关分析等方法,研究黄土高原2001-2018年植被物侯变化及其对季节性气候变化的响应。结果表明：（1）黄土高原植被生长季始期（SOS,Start of Growing Season）主要集中在第96-144天,子植被分区由西北向东南方向,逐渐呈现提前趋势,71.0%的像元植被SOS整体提前0-2 d/10a （α=0.05）,且在未来一段时间66%的像元植被SOS继续呈现提前趋势;植被生长季末期（EOS,End of Growing Season）主要集中在第288-304天,各子植被分区植被EOS变化基本保持一致,87.6％的像元植被EOS整体延迟0-3 d/10a （α=0.05）,且在未来一段时间有80%的像元植被EOS继续呈现推迟趋势。（2）黄土高原植被SOS主要受各季节温度的影响;当年春季降水导致植被SOS提前,主要分布在黄土高原中部;上年夏季和上年秋季降水增加会导致植被SOS推迟;当年春季、上年秋季和年初冬季的温度升高均会导致植被SOS提前;各子植被分区植被SOS对不同季节降水的响应存在差异,而对不同季节温度的响应具有一致性。（3）黄土高原植被EOS主要受各季节降水和秋季温度的影响;不同季节降水增加均会导致大部分植被EOS推迟;当年秋季温度导致整体区域植被EOS推迟,且各子植被区植被EOS对当年秋季温度响应具有一致性。该研究可为大尺度植被物候影响因素提供新的认识,也为植被适应未来气候变化提供借鉴。     

Yield Responses of Wheat to Mulching Practices in Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau

Improving farming practices of soil and water conservation has profound effects on the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in dryland farming regions of the Loess Plateau in China. Mulching has proven to be an effective practice to increase crop yield, and possibly contribute to replenishing groundwater. This evaluation study collected and analyzed the data of 1849 observations published in 38 papers using meta-analysis to investigate effects of the mulching practices on wheat yield in terms of different rainfall and regions in comparison with conventional tillage. The main results of the study follow. The effects of the mulching practices were ranked in the order of RFM (ridge–furrow mulching) > MTMC (mulching with two materials combined) > MOM (mulching with other materials) > WSM (wheat straw mulching) > FM (flat mulching). The effects of the mulching practices at the different levels of rainfall during the wheat growing season were in the order: (< 150 mm) > (> 250 mm) > (150–250 mm). The effects of the mulching practices in the different regions were in the order of Henan > Shanxi > Shaanxi > Gansu. WSM, MTMC and FM performed better in improving wheat yield for rainfall of < 150, 150–250 and > 250 mm during the growing season, respectively. The wheat yield with FM, MTMC, MOM and MOM was higher than those with the other mulching practices in Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan and Shanxi. The wheat yield with RFM was 27.4% higher than that with FM, indicating that RFM was the most effective practice to improve wheat yield among all the practices. These findings have important implications for choosing appropriate crop field management to improve wheat yield.     

Floristic and Structure of the Herbaceous Vegetation of Four Recovering Forest Stands in the Eastern Ghats of India

Floral composition and structural parameters of the herbaceous vegetation of four recovering tropical dry deciduous forest stands protected for 2, 4, 6 and 10-year periods, on the Eastern Ghats of India, situated at Kandhamal district of Orissa, India were investigated. More than 1 ha of recovering forest stands of each of the four stages was selected and fifteen sample quadrats of 1 m × 1 m were randomly placed at each stand for vegetation analysis. Floristic analysis revealed highest number of species (69) in 2-year recovering stand, which declined with increase in age. A total of 87 species, 71 genera and 32 families were recorded in the forest stands. Total number of herbaceous species encountered in the stands was 44, 28, 30 and 24 in 2, 4, 6 and 10-year stands, respectively. Total individuals of all herb species were 114, 70, 88 and 68 plant m⁻² in 2, 4, 6 and 10-year stands, respectively. Herbaceous stand basal areas were 7.84, 3.66, 4.77 and 5.23 cm² m⁻² in 2, 4, 6, and 10-year stands, respectively. Importance value index (IVI) revealed that Heteropogon contortus was predominant in 2 and 4-year stands, Andrographis paniculatus in 6-year stand and Elephantopus scaber in 10-year stand. Diversity-dominance curve revealed lognormal distribution in all the four stands. Simpson’s dominance index (C) was highest in 2-year stand which decreased in other stands, while Shannon’s diversity index (H¹) was almost the same in all the stands. Biomass of herbaceous vegetation was 83.2 g m⁻² in 2 year, 62.2 g m⁻² in 4 year, 58.0 g m⁻² in 6 year and 64.0 g m⁻² in 10-year stand.     

甘肃陇东黄土高原冬小麦对气候变暖的响应

使用地面试验田平行观测资料,就甘肃陇东黄土高原冬小麦对气候变暖的响应进行了比较分析。结果表明,1981年以来,冬小麦对气候变暖的响应主要表征为全生育期与越冬期的缩短,返青期与收获期提前,而越冬前和返青后的生长期总日数并无明显变化;各发育阶段对增温的响应差异明显,增温使营养生长阶段的返青至起身至拔节和生殖生长阶段的开花及成熟日期提前,乳熟日期和开花至成熟期间的总日数无明显变化,但增温使生殖生长阶段的开花至乳熟有延长趋势,而乳熟至成熟期有缩短趋势。籽粒重随≥10℃积温的增加而增加,随3月至收获期最高气温的升高而减少;产量随平均最低气温的升高和≥0℃、≥5℃、≥10℃和≥15℃积温的增加而增加,随≥20℃积温的增加而减少,表明高温天气增加对冬小麦产量有一定程度的逼熟减产负作用产生。     

Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Changes following Afforestation of Marginal Cropland across a Precipitation Gradient in Loess Plateau of China

Cropland afforestation has been widely found to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN); however, the magnitudes of SOC and STN accumulation and regulating factors are less studied in dry, marginal lands, and therein the interaction between soil carbon and nitrogen is not well understood. We examined the changes in SOC and STN in younger (5–9-year-old) and older (25–30-year-old) black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L., an N-fixing species) plantations that were established on former cropland along a precipitation gradient (380 to 650 mm) in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China. The SOC and STN stocks of cropland and plantations increased linearly with precipitation increase, respectively, accompanying an increase in the plantation net primary productivity and the soil clay content along the increasing precipitation gradient. The SOC stock of cropland decreased in younger plantations and increased in older plantations after afforestation, and the amount of the initial loss of SOC during the younger plantations’ establishment increased with precipitation increasing. By contrast, the STN stock of cropland showed no decrease in the initial afforestation while tending to increase with plantation age, and the changes in STN were not related to precipitation. The changes in STN and SOC showed correlated and were precipitation-dependent following afforestation, displaying a higher relative gain of SOC to STN as precipitation decreased. Our results suggest that the afforestation of marginal cropland in Loess Plateau can have a significant effect on the accumulation of SOC and STN, and that precipitation has a significant effect on SOC accumulation but little effect on STN retention. The limitation effect of soil nitrogen on soil carbon accumulation is more limited in the drier area rather than in the wetter sites.