基于S1蛋白的禽传染性支气管炎病毒的分子流行病学研究

禽传染性支气管炎病毒是归属于冠状病毒属的没有DNA阶段的正义单链RNA病毒,以极高的死亡率引起禽呼吸泌尿性疾病的广泛流行,每年都给家禽饲养业造成巨大的经济损失。因此开展禽传染性支气管炎病毒的分子流行病学的研究并开发出相关的疫苗时下就显得迫切而且必要。现在,我们基于序列保守且具有强免疫原性的禽传染性支气管炎病毒粒子外壳刺突S1糖蛋白开展了分子流行病学研究,并提出了用于阻断禽传染性支气管炎病毒侵染的疫苗的可行性开发策略。     

用RT—PCR和RFLP对禽传染性支气管炎病毒中国分离株的分型

用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法获取了禽传染性支气管病毒标准毒株Ｍ４１,Ｈ５２,Ａ５９６８和国内分离株Ｄ４１,Ｆ,Ｇ的Ｓ１基因,对它们做ＲＦＬＦ分析,发现Ｄ４１,Ｆ株属于马萨诸塞血清型,Ｇ株为变异株。对用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和ＲＦＬＰ来区分ＩＢＶ的分型方法的应用理论和前景进行了论述。     

用RT-PCR和RFLP对禽传染性支气管炎病毒中国分离株的分型

用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法获取了禽传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）标准毒株Ｍ４１、Ｈ５２、Ａ５９６８和国内分离株Ｄ４１、Ｆ、Ｇ的Ｓ１基因,对它们做ＲＦＬＰ分析,发现Ｄ４１、Ｆ株属于马萨诸塞血清型、Ｇ株为变异株。对用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和ＲＦＬＰ来区分ＩＢＶ的分型方法的应用理论和前景进行了论述。     

禽传染性支气管炎病毒Nsp2蛋白与宿主蛋白eIF2α的互作鉴定

Nsp2蛋白是冠状病毒的非结构蛋白,在病毒早期感染中具有重要作用。【目的】为初步筛选可能与禽传染性支气管炎病毒(avian infectious bronchitis virus,IBV) Nsp2蛋白互作的宿主蛋白,鉴定Nsp2蛋白与真核翻译起始因子2α亚基(eIF2α)的相互作用。【方法】以pCAGGs-Flag-Nsp2和pCAGGs-Flag载体转染后的鸡胚肾(CEK)细胞为研究对象,利用免疫共沉淀(Co-IP)和液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术筛选出可能与IBVNsp2蛋白发生互作的宿主蛋白eIF2α,通过免疫共沉淀和间接免疫荧光试验进一步验证二者相互作用。【结果】经免疫共沉淀与质谱分析后筛选到97个可能与Nsp2蛋白互作的宿主蛋白,其中宿主抗病毒反应的关键蛋白eIF2α与Nsp2蛋白的相互作用通过免疫共沉淀和间接免疫荧光试验,表明二者存在直接互作关系,并共定位于细胞质中;此外,Nsp2蛋白表达和IBV感染都能显著提高宿主内源性eIF2α的转录水平。【结论】利用免疫共沉淀联合质谱技术筛选到CEK细胞中存在的97种可能与IBV Nsp2互作的候选蛋白,利用免疫共沉淀与...     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒免疫原基因cDNA的克隆和序列分析

从含有鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）的鸡胚尿囊液中快速提取病毒ＲＮＡ,得到约２３ｋｂ全长ＩＢＶ ＲＮＡ。运用反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）得到１．７２ｋｂ编码全长ＩＢＶ免疫原糖蛋白Ｓ１的基因片段。进一步将此基因片段插入到质粒ｐＵＣ１９中,进行全长片段的序列分析。结果表明,ＩＢＶ北京株和Ｂｅａｕｄｅｔｔｅ株的核酸同源性为９７．８％,与Ｍ４１株的核酸同源性达９８．５％。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒中国分离株LX4纤突蛋白基因分子特征

应用RT-PCR方法分别扩增了中国地方分离株IBV LX4 S1和S2基因并进行了基因的克隆和序列测定.结果发现,LX4 S基因由3495个核苷酸组成,编码一条1164个氨基酸残基组成的多肽.S基因编码产物裂解后形成的S1和S2亚单位分别由539和625个氨基酸残基组成.LX4 S基因推导氨基酸切割识别位点序列为HRRRR,与A2、SD/97/02和Z株相同,而与其它国内外参考毒株不同.与国内外10株已报道的具有全S基因序列的IBV参考毒株比较,LX4与国内分离毒株SD/97/02的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性最高.与32株国内外参考毒株的S1基因进化树分析比较表明,LX4与A2、SD/97/02、Z、TJ/96/02、JX/99/01和SAIBWJ等7个国内分离株在同一亚群内.在该亚群内,LX4与A2和SD/97/02亲缘关系更近,且三者在高变区和抗原表位均具有高度的同源性,而与本亚群内其它参考毒株对应的高变区和抗原表位同源性差异较大.LX4与H120 S1基因编码氨基酸的同源性虽然高于其它国外参考毒株,但同源性仍然较低,为75%.与参考毒株比较,LX4 S2基因的点突变造成其推导的氨基酸序列有11个位点发生改变,这些突变可能影响S2与S1蛋白之间的相互作用,从而影响S蛋白与特异性抗体的结合.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒中国流行株免疫原S1基因的分子克隆,序？…

对来源于我国华东地区的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒流行株ＱＤ免疫原Ｓ１基因ｃＤＮＡ进行了克隆,序列分析了和ＤＮＡ免疫的初步研究,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增ＱＤ毒株的Ｓ１基因,将其５′和３′端分别进行了分子修饰后插入克隆载体ＰＵＣ１８的ＢａｍＨＩ／ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点,大肠杆菌中实现了目的基因的克隆,利用英国ＩＢＶ毒株Ｓ１全基因核酸探针与ＱＤ毒株Ｓ１基因的重组克隆质粒子分杂交后,采用ＨａｅⅢ,ＰｖｕⅡ和ＸｂａＩ等限制酶对此     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒中国流行株免疫原S1基因的分子克隆、序列分析及其DNA免疫的初步研究

对来源于我国华东地区的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒流行株ＱＤ免疫原Ｓ１基因ｃＤＮＡ进行了克隆、序列分析和ＤＮＡ免疫的初步研究。ＲＴＰＣＲ扩增ＱＤ毒株的Ｓ１基因,将其５′和３′端分别进行分子修饰后插入克隆载体ｐＵＣ１８的ＢａｍＨⅠ／ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点,在大肠杆菌中实现了目的基因的克隆;利用英国ＩＢＶ毒株Ｓ１全基因核酸探针与ＱＤ毒株Ｓ１基因的重组克隆质粒分子杂交后,采用ＨａｅⅢ,ＰｖｕⅡ和ＸｂａⅠ等限制酶对此流行毒株Ｓ１基因ｃＤＮＡ进行了酶切分析;在测定ＱＤ毒株Ｓ１基因５′端高变区核苷酸序列并以此与ＩＢＶＭ４１,Ｈ１２０,６／８２及Ｂｅａｕｄ等参考毒株序列对比分析的基础上,构建了ＱＤ株Ｓ１基因ＤＮＡ免疫表达质粒,肌肉注射免疫小鼠后,鸡胚病毒中和试验的结果表明,ＩＢＶＳ１基因ＤＮＡ免疫表达质粒能诱导小鼠产生病毒特异的中和抗体,具有良好的免疫原性,初步显示基因疫苗在鸡传染性支气管炎防治上应用前景。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒中国流行株免疫原S1基因的分子克隆、序列分析及其DNA免疫的初步研究*

对来源于我国华东地区的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒流行株QD免疫原Sl基因cDNA进行了克隆、序列分析和DNA免疫的初步研究。RT—PCR扩增QD毒株的S1基因,将其5’和3’端分别进行分子修饰后插入克隆载体pUCl8的BamHⅠ／HindⅢ位电,在大肠杆菌中实现了目的基因的克隆;利用英国IBV毒株Sl全基因核酸探针与QD毒株S1基因的重组克隆质粒分子杂交后,采用HaeⅢ,PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ等限制酶对此流行毒株S1基固cDNA进行了酶切分析;在测定QD毒株S1基因5’端高变区核苷酸序列并以此与IBV　M41,H120,6／82及Beaud等参考毒株序列对比分析的基础上,构建了QD株S1基因DNA免疫表达质粒,肌肉注射免疫小鼠后,鸡胚病毒中和试验的结果表明,IBV S1基因DNA免疫表达质粒能诱导小鼠产生病毒特异的中和抗体,具有良好的免疫原性,初步显示基因疫苗在鸡传染性支气管炎防治上应用前景。     

禽传染性支气管炎病毒E蛋白单抗制备及其互作宿主蛋白初步鉴定分析

本研究利用原核表达系统成功表达禽传染性支气管炎病毒（Infectious bronchitis virus, IBV）的小囊膜蛋白（Envelope protein, E）,并首次制备E蛋白的单克隆抗体。在此基础上,采用免疫共沉淀（IP）及质谱鉴定的方法,寻找宿主细胞中与IBV E蛋白发生相互作用的宿主蛋白。通过GO分析和KEGG通路富集分析,预测与IBV E蛋白具有潜在互作的宿主蛋白在病毒感染过程中可能发挥的生物学功能。本研究为进一步探讨E蛋白在IBV病毒复制过程中的具体作用提供了研究工具和基础研究数据。     

Identification of one peptide which inhibited infectivity of avian infectious bronchitis virus in vitro

Purified avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was used to screen a random phage display peptide library. After the fourth panning, 10 positive phages were sequenced and characterized. The phages specifically inhibited IBV infectivity in HeLa cells and blocked IBV haemagglutination. One linear peptide “GSH HRH VHS PFV” from the positive phages with the highest neutralization titer was synthesized and this peptide inhibited IBV infection in HeLa as well. The results may contribute to development of antiviral therapeutics for IBV and studying the determinants for viral and cell interac-tion.     

Identification of one peptide which inhibited infectivity of avian infectious bronchitis virus in vitro

Coronaviruses, comprising a genus of Coronaviri-dae family, are large, enveloped viruses with single stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes. In general, coronaviruses cause severe respiratory and enteric diseases in domestic animals but only mild upper res-…     

Elucidation of the avian nucleolar proteome by quantitative proteomics using SILAC and changes in cells infected with the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus

The nucleolus is a dynamic subnuclear compartment involved in ribosome subunit biogenesis, regulation of cell stress and modulation of cellular growth and the cell cycle, among other functions. The nucleolus is composed of complex protein/protein and protein/RNA interactions. It is a target of virus infection with many viral proteins being shown to localize to the nucleolus during infection. Perturbations to the structure of the nucleolus and its proteome have been predicted to play a role in both cellular and infectious disease. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture coupled to LC‐MS/MS with bioinformatic analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to investigate whether the nucleolar proteome altered in virus‐infected cells. In this study, the avian nucleolar proteome was defined in the absence and presence of virus, in this case the positive strand RNA virus, avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. Data sets, potential protein changes and the functional consequences of virus infection were validated using independent assays. These demonstrated that specific rather than generic changes occurred in the nucleolar proteome in infectious bronchitis virus‐infected cells.     

Identification of one peptide which inhibited infectivity of avian infectious bronchitis virus in vitro

Purified avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was used to screen a random phage display peptide library. After the fourth panning, 10 positive phages were sequenced and characterized. The phages specifically inhibited IBV infectivity in HeLa cells and blocked IBV haemagglutination. One linear peptide “GSH HRH VHS PFV” from the positive phages with the highest neutralization titer was synthesized and this peptide inhibited IBV infection in HeLa as well. The results may contribute to development of antiviral therapeutics for IBV and studying the determinants for viral and cell interaction.     

Immunosuppressive effect of Cryptosporidium baileyi infection on vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis in chicks

Two-day-old commercial chicks were inoculated orally with 2 × 10⁶ oocysts of Cryptosporidium baileyi and vaccinated with 10^3.5 EID₅₀/head of a commercially available avian infectious bronchitis (IB) live virus vaccine at 4 and 14 days following inoculation. Chicks infected with C. baileyi were shown to have an immunosuppressive effect on IB virus. It is concluded that infection with the protozoon in early life may increase their susceptibility to IB.     

Responses of the Toll-like receptor and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 signaling pathways to avian infectious bronchitis virus infection in chicks

Avian infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) is a Gammacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae and causes highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. Innate immunity plays significant roles in host defense against IBV. Here, we explored the interaction between IBV and the host innate immune system. Severe histopathological lesions were observed in the tracheal mucosa at 3–5days post inoculation(dpi) and in the kidney at 8 dpi, with heavy viral loads at 1–11 and 1–28 dpi,respectively. The expression of m RNAs encoding Toll-like receptor(TLR) 3 and TLR7 were upregulated at 3–8 dpi, and that of TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon(IFN) β(TRIF) was upregulated at 21 dpi in the trachea and kidney. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88(My D88) was upregulated in the trachea during early infection. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor(TRAF) 3 and TRAF6 were upregulated expression in both tissues.Moreover, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5(MDA5), laboratory of genetics and physiology 2(LGP2), stimulator of IFN genes(STING), and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein(MAVS), as well as TANK binding kinase 1(TBK1), inhibitor of kappa B kinase(IKK) ?, IKKα, IKKβ,IFN regulatory factor(IRF) 7, nuclear factor of kappa B(NF-κB), IFN-α, IFN-β, various interleukins(ILs), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β(MIP-1β) were significantly upregulated in the trachea and downregulated in the kidney. These results suggested that the TLR and MDA5 signaling pathways and innate immune cytokine were induced after IBV infection. Additionally,consistent responses to IBV infection were observed during early infection, with differential and complicated responses in the kidney.     

中国新发传染病研究的开拓者们——《微生物学通报》创刊40周年纪念

自20世纪70年代初以来,全球有大量的新发传染病出现,仅有重要影响的新发传染病就达45种以上,其中有至少3个团队因相关病原体的发现获得了诺贝尔医学或生理学奖;期间,不论我国处于"文化大革命"时期,还是处于改革开放和经济社会快速发展时期,总有一批科学家战斗在新发传染病应对的第一线。特别是那些在中国新发传染病研究领域的开拓者们,他们努力跟踪国内外传染病疫情进展,进行着新发传染病及其病原体的证实工作。本文借祝贺《微生物学通报》创刊40周年之际,对这些科学家在此期间的开创性工作进行初步整理,并加以简要评述;历史不会忘记他们为我国的医学事业所做出的重要贡献,也会激励一代又一代的微生物学和医学工作者。