玉米赤霉烯酮的直接酶联免疫分析

玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone)是玉米赤霉菌(Gibberella zeae)的一种次生代谢产物,已被证明,它不但具有动物雌性激素的作用,还是某些真菌的性激素。我们已从多种植物体内分离出与春化作用密切的相关的活性物质,经分析与鉴定,证明它恰     

玉米赤霉烯酮单克隆抗体和免疫酶技术研究

采用蛋白质连接技术合成玉米赤霉烯酮抗原,免疫Balb/c鼠,通过淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术建立六株分泌抗玉米赤霉烯酮的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株。间接酶联免疫吸附试验测定细胞上清抗体效价为1:2084(4H8)、1:256(6H9、4H3、2H5、2C8)、1:16(3F10);腹水抗体效价为10~9(4H3、4H8)、10~8(2H5)、10~7(6H9)、10~5(3H10)。竞争间接酶联免疫吸附试验测定六株单克隆抗体对玉米赤霉烯酮的敏感度为0.3—0.8ng/ml。六株抗体与玉米亦霉烯醇的交叉反应率为1.3—9.0％。六株单克隆抗体均属IgG类。细胞体外传代培养和冻存复苏后分泌抗体稳定。纯化抗体在37℃保存12天稳定,-30℃保存90天抗体滴度不变。用该抗体建立竞争间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测掺合玉米赤霉烯酮的玉米、小麦、饲料,平均回收率分别为105％、90％、103％,平均批间变异系数为5.8％、2.8％、6.8％,批内变异系数为3.8％、12.7％、15.7％。样品中玉米赤霉烯酮掺合量与竞争间接酶联免疫吸附试验检出量有良好相关性(r≥0.9996)。     

玉米赤霉烯酮单克隆抗体酶联免疫测定方法的建立及初步应用

用ＺＥＮ－ＢＳＡ人工抗原免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ鼠,经融合,筛选和克隆化得到可稳定可泌抗ＺＥＮ单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株ＺＥＮ－１Ｃ６。ＺＥＮ－１Ｃ６属ＩｇＧ１,纯化腹水抗体效价为１０＾－５,与５种衍生物的交叉反应系数为０．１６～１．２０％,用ＺＥＮ－１Ｃ６建立了检测食品（玉米,小麦,大米）中玉米赤霉烯酮的ＣＩＥＩＡ法。该法检测纯毒素的线性范围为５～１０００ｎｇ／ｍｌ,最低检出浓度为０．１ｎｇ／ｍｌ。平均回     

玉米赤霉烯酮单克隆抗体和免疫酶技术研究

采用蛋白质连接技术合成玉米赤霉烯酮抗原,免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ鼠,通过淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术建立六株分泌抗玉米赤霉烯酮的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株。间接酶联免疫吸附试验测定细胞上清抗体效价为１：２０８４（４Ｈ８）、１：２５６（６Ｈ９、４Ｈ３、２Ｈ５、２Ｃ８）１：１６（３Ｆ１０）;腹水抗体效价为１０＾９（４Ｈ３、４Ｈ８）、１０＾８（２Ｈ５）、１０＾７（６Ｈ９）、１０＾５（３Ｈ１０）。竞争间接酶联免疫吸附试验测定六     

真菌毒素玉米赤霉烯酮生物降解的研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone,ZEN)及衍生物是一类主要由镰刀菌属的真菌产生的非甾体雌激素类真菌毒素,广泛存在于玉米、大麦、小麦和高粱等谷物饲料及其副产品中,严重危害牲畜及人类健康,迫切需要相关的技术对ZEN进行降解脱毒。传统的物理化学方法不能有效去除谷物中的毒素,并会破坏谷物的营养成分,影响食物口感,甚至造成二次污染,因此利用生物工程技术对ZEN及其衍生物进行脱毒是未来解决这一问题的主要方法。文中简要介绍了ZEN及衍生物和降解ZEN的微生物种类、降解特性,然后详细介绍了目前研究的ZEN降解酶种类、解析唯一的蛋白结构及其异源表达和应用情况,以期为通过分子酶工程和发酵工程等生物工程技术降低ZEN降解酶的成本提供指导,从而提高食品安全。     

玉米赤霉烯酮浸种对玉米幼苗抗旱性的影响

玉米赤霉烯酮浸种（２４ｈ）可提高玉米幼苗的抗旱性,在干旱条件下,经玉米赤霉烯酮浸种的玉米幼苗叶片中含水量下降缓慢,相对电导率较低,超氧化物歧化酶活性较高,游离脯氨酸含量升高。０．１ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１玉米赤霉烯酮浸种的抗逆效果优于０．０１ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１。     

玉米赤霉烯酮的放射免疫分析

将玉米赤霉烯酮转变成玉米赤霉烯酮-6’-羧甲氧肟,通过混合酸酐法将其与牛血清白蛋白结合并用以免疫兔获得抗体。抗体效价可达1:4×10~4,亲合常数为4.25×10~(10)L/mol,灵敏度提高为3.5pg。样品平均回收率达92％。批内与批间变异系数分别为6.1％和8.6％。     

γ射线紫外线镰刀菌产生玉米赤霉烯酮毒素的影响

锭刀菌(Fusarium)经γ射线、紫外线辐射诱变后,接种于大米培养基中.经10℃低温产毒培养.采用薄层层析方法定性定量分析培养物中的镀刀菌毒素—玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone简称ZEA).结果表明:不同菌株对诱变剂的反应不同.产毒菌株NF5232、NF5946在较大剂量γ射线处理后,ZEA产量显著增加,但其产生的色素量下降.或者用紫外线处理,仍然产生ZEA.不产毒菌株NF6127、NF6123、NP6138和HD—002,经γ射线或紫外线处理后仍不产生ZEA.由此可知镰刀菌产生ZEA毒素的能力是相对稳定的,其产毒机制是由菌株本身的遗传特性决定的,一定剂量的γ射线可使低产毒菌株变为高产毒菌株.     

Gold immunochromatographic assay for simultaneous detection of carbofuran and triazophos in water samples

Using a simple test for rapid identification and quantification of pesticide multiresidues in food and environmental samples is a long-cherished approach for practical monitoring purposes. Here two gold-based lateral-flow strips (strip A and strip B) were investigated for simultaneous detection of carbofuran and triazophos. For the strip A format, a bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMcAb) against both carbofuran and triazophos was employed to prepare the immunogold probe. For the strip B format, anti-carbofuran monoclonal antibody (McAb) and anti-triazophos McAb separately labeled with colloidal gold were combined as detector reagents. By comparison of visual results from pesticide standard tests between the two formats, the strip B assay manifested higher sensitivities for both pesticides. Analysis of spiked water samples by the preferable strip indicated that the detection limits for carbofuran and triazophos were 32 and 4 μg/L, respectively. The strength of the portable one-step strip assay was in the simultaneous screening for two pesticides within a short time (8-10 min) without any equipment.     

Magnetic nanobead-based immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A using upconversion nanoparticles as multicolor labels

A novel and sensitive immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in food samples was developed by using artificial antigen-modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as immunosensing probes and antibody functionalized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as signal probes. NaY_0.78F₄:Yb_0.2, Tm_0.02 and NaY_0.28F₄:Yb_0.7,Er_0.02 UCNPs were prepared and functionalized, respectively, with immobilized monoclonal anti-AFB₁ antibodies and anti-OTA antibodies as signal probes. Based on a competitive immunoassay format, the detection limit for both AFB₁ and OTA under optimal conditions was as low as 0.01 ng mL⁻¹, and the effective detection range was from 0.01 to 10 ng mL⁻¹. The proposed method was successfully applied to measure AFB₁ and OTA in naturally contaminated maize samples and compared to a commercially available ELISA method. The high sensitivity and selectivity of this method is due to the magnetic separation and concentration effect of the MNPs, the high sensitivity of the UCNPs, and the different emission lines of Yb/Tm and Yb/Er doped NaYF₄ UCNPs excited by 980 nm laser. Multicolor UCNPs have the potential to be used in other applications for detecting toxins in the field of food safety and other fields.     

诺如病毒常见流行株胶体金免疫层析快速检测方法

【背景】诺如病毒是全球引发急性胃肠炎的最主要病原之一,具有丰富的遗传多样性。【目的】建立一种简便快捷、适用于诺如病毒常见流行株的胶体金免疫层析检测方法。【方法】将抗诺如病毒衣壳蛋白的单克隆抗体1B10作为金标抗体、抗诺如病毒衣壳蛋白的单克隆抗体1D6作为检测线、羊抗鼠抗体作为质控线组装成胶体金试纸条。对试纸条的组装条件进行优化,确定最佳标记pH、金标抗体最佳浓缩比例及检测线(test line,T线)、质控线(control line,C线)最佳划线浓度等。对新方法进行性能评价,包括灵敏性试验、特异性试验、保存期试验及符合率实验等。【结果】所建立的诺如病毒胶体金试纸条检测方法最低检测浓度为5.9×105copies/μL。本方法与常见的腹泻病毒,如轮状病毒、星状病毒、腺病毒、肠道病毒均无交叉反应。批次间与批次内重复较好,保存期试验表明试纸条至少可以室温密封干燥保存一年时间。应用所建立的胶体金检测方法对24份临床粪便样本进行检测,检测结果与实时荧光RT-PCR方法的阳性符合率约为83%(15/18),常见流行株GII.2型、GII.4型、GII.17型均被成功检出。【结论】建立的胶体金试纸条检测方法具有较好的特异性与稳定性,可用于诺如病毒常见流行株检测及大规模流行病学调查。     

Colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for detection of botulinum neurotoxin type B

A rapid immunochromatographic assay was developed to detect botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT/B). The assay was based on the sandwich format using polyclonal antibody (Pab). The thiophilic gel purified anti-BoNT/B Pab was immobilized to a defined detection zone on a porous nitrocellulose membrane and conjugated to colloidal gold particles that served as a detection reagent. The BoNT/B-containing sample was added to the membrane and allowed to react with Pab-coated particles. The mixture was then passed along the porous membrane by capillary action past the Pab in the detection zone, which will bind the particles that had BoNT/B bound to their surface, giving a red colour within this detection zone with an intensity proportional to BoNT/B concentration. In the absence of BoNT/B, no immunogold was bound to the solid-phase antibody. With this method, 50 ng/ml of BoNT/B was detected in less than 10 min. The assay sensitivity can be increased by silver enhancement to 50 pg/ml. The developed BoNT/B assay also showed no cross reaction to type A neurotoxin (BoNT/A) and type E neurotoxin (BoNT/E).     

基于纳米颗粒的赭曲霉毒素A高灵敏酶联免疫检测方法的建立及应用

赭曲霉毒素(ochratoxins)主要是由青霉菌Penicillium和曲霉菌Aspergillus产生的有毒次级代谢产物,常见于发霉或发酵的农产品中,其中赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)毒性最强且最为普遍。OTA是粮食作物和饲料的重要污染物,在加工、储存或运输过程中均可产生,具有肾毒性和免疫毒性,可通过蓄积作用发挥毒性效应,对人类和动物健康造成严重威胁。本研究通过将OTA单克隆抗体包被于纳米磁珠(magnetic nanoparticles,MNPs)表面,获得具有免疫活性的磁珠抗体复合物(MNPs-Anti OTA),并制备生物素标记的偶联抗原OTA-BSA-Bio,后续采用链酶亲和素标记的纳米金颗粒(Strep-HRP-AuNPs)催化底物进行信号检测,最终建立了OTA高灵敏检测方法(MNPs-bs-AuNPs-ELISA)。在最优条件下,经计算该方法检测下限(IC10)为0.01ng/mL,检测区间(IC20-IC80)为0.02-0.73ng/mL,半数抑制率(IC50)为0.13ng/mL。与OTA类似物OTB、OTC交叉反应性为4.3%和8.1%,对其他常见真菌毒素AFB1、ZEN、FB1、DON、CIT和PAT均无交叉反应。玉米、面粉和大豆样本中的加标回收率可达85.6%-115.7%,对天然样本中OTA含量的检测结果表明,该方法与LC-MS/MS相关性良好。本研究建立的MNPs-bs-AuNPs-ELISA可满足谷物及饲料样本中OTA的快速、高灵敏度定量检测,成本较低,具有很好的应用前景。     

Development of stable isotope dilution assays for ochratoxin A in blood samples

Two new stable isotope dilution assays were developed for the quantification of ochratoxin A in human blood samples for exposure studies. The methods based on two different sample extraction and cleanup procedures including liquid–liquid extraction with following immunoaffinity chromatography (IA) as well as a dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) method. For detection, LC–MS/MS was applied. For the first time, exact quantitation of the reference compound ochratoxin A was performed by quantitative NMR spectroscopy (qNMR). Additionally, a comparison of different blood-drawing procedures revealed no differences for heparin plasma and serum whereas citrate plasma gave significantly lower results for the mycotoxin. Limits of detection (LOD: 0.02 ng/g (IA) vs 0.03 ng/g (DSPE)), limits of quantification (LOQ: 0.07 ng/g (IA) vs 0.08 ng/g (DSPE)), relative recovery (?94%), precision, and linearity indicated excellent performance of the developed methods.     

基于量子点标记的赭曲霉毒素A快速、高灵敏荧光免疫层析检测方法的建立及应用

赭曲霉毒素A（ochratoxin A,OTA）具有肾毒性、致畸性、致癌性和免疫毒性,广泛存在于各种粮食作物及其副产品中,是食品和饲料原料的重要污染物,可在人类及动物体内蓄积,在已知发现的真菌毒素中,重要性和危害性仅次于黄曲霉毒素。本研究通过采用量子点荧光微球（quantum dots,QDs）标记OTA单克隆抗体,并基于免疫层析原理,优化、建立了OTA高灵敏荧光免疫层析检测方法（FICGA）,15min即可实现对农产品中OTA污染的快速定量检测。该方法检测下限（IC₁₀）达到0.04ng/mL,检测区间（IC₂₀-IC₈₀）为0.05-0.59ng/mL,半数抑制率（IC₅₀）为0.18ng/mL。与OTA类似物OTB、OTC交叉反应性为7.3%和11.9%,对其他常见真菌毒素AFB₁、ZEN、FB₁和DON均无交叉反应。在玉米、面粉和大豆样本中的加标回收率可达83.2%-117.8%,与LC-MS/MS同时对天然样本中OTA含量的检测结果表明,两种方法相关性良好。本研究建立的FICGA快速、灵敏,可满足基层单位和现场的快速检测需求,具有很好的应用前景。     

A sensitive immunochromatographic assay using gold nanoparticles for the semiquantitative detection of prostate-specific antigen in serum

In prostate cancer screening, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been utilized as a valuable biomarker. There are routinely used procedures based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PSA detection. The procedures based on ELISA, however, are time consuming, complicated, and costly. We have developed a rapid, very simple, cost effective and sensitive immunochromatographic assay using gold nanoparticles and evaluated its applications for first screening of prostate cancer in serum samples. The sensitive immunochromatographic assay requires only 40 μL of the serum sample. The assay used is rapid and simple, that it totally takes approx 15 min to complete. The method for sensitive immunochromatographic assay has the other advantage of decreasing the antibody concentration that is used for the test line. In this study, we show the advantage to decrease the antibody concentration and the evaluation of our sensitive immunochromatographic assay for the semiquantitative detection of PSA in serum. The results obtained from 163 serum samples using sensitive immunochromatographic assay are compared with the results obtained using the chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) and normal immunochromatographic assay. The results obtained in the sensitive immunochromatographic assay correlated well with the values obtained in CLEIA. We concluded that our sensitive immunochromatographic assay is applicable to the first screening test for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Our developed sensitive immunochromatographic assay is a promising candidate for diagnosis or research use, which may become commercially available in the near future.     

Simultaneous analysis of ochratoxin A and its major metabolite ochratoxin alpha in plasma and urine for an advanced biomonitoring of the mycotoxin

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a frequent mycotoxin contaminant found worldwide in foods and feedstuffs. Biomonitoring has been used to assess internal OTA exposure resulting from dietary intake and from other sources. Mycotoxin levels in blood and/or urine provide good estimates of past and recent exposure since OTA binds to serum proteins and is also partly excreted via the kidney. But, measuring OTA alone does not reflect its biotransformation. In light of scarce data on its metabolites in humans, it was the aim of this study to develop a method that allows analysis of OTA and its detoxication product ochratoxin alpha (OTα) in urine and in blood plasma. The method involves enzymatic hydrolysis of conjugates, liquid–liquid extraction, and analysis of sample extracts by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Application of the validated method in a pilot study with 13 volunteers revealed the presence of OTA and OTα in all samples (limit of quantification: 0.05 ng/mL in urine, and 0.1 ng/mL in plasma). In line with negative findings of others, an OTA glucuronide was not detected, neither in urine nor in plasma. By contrast, conjugates of OTα (glucuronide and/or sulfate) are major products in these samples. This was confirmed by mass spectrometry detection. As OTα represents a large fraction of ingested mycotoxin, we propose to include analyses of this metabolite in future biomonitoring studies, also in light of the observed variations for urine OTα-levels that suggest different interindividual abilities for OTA-detoxification in humans.     

Occurrence of trichothecenes, zearalenone and ochratoxin A in cereals and mixed feed from central Lithuania

A total of 92 samples — 23 winter wheat, 12 summer barley, 5 oats and 52 mixed feed — were collected from a state factory in Kaunas, Lithuania and were analysed for the presence of trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin A (OA) using gas chromatography with electron capture detection and immunoaffinity column/high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and UV detections. Deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin were detected at concentrations above 10 μg/kg in 68%, 48%, 38% and 8% of cereal samples, respectively, and in 98%, 88%, 12% and 8% of samples of mixed feed for swine and poultry. More than 10 μg/kg of zearalenone and ochratoxin A were found in 58% and 92% of the mixed feed samples, respectively. The highest concentrations of all analysed trichothecenes in Lithuanian mixed feed and cereal grains, with an exception of T-2 toxin in one oat lot and one sample of mixed feed and OA in two mixed feed samples, were lower than those reported as Lithuanian advisory or tolerance limits.