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1.
硝化细菌中亚硝酸盐氧化还原酶的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
张星  林炜铁  朱雅楠 《微生物学通报》2008,35(11):1806-1810
亚硝酸盐氧化还原酶(nitrite oxidoreductase,NXR)是硝化细菌将亚硝酸盐氧化为硝酸盐的关键酶,广泛存在于亚硝酸盐氧化菌中.由于它是可溶性的膜内酶,其催化机理与膜内电子传递密切联系,给它的研究带来了一定的困难.本文综述了多年来国内外研究者从不同方面对NXR研究的成果,详细论述了NXR的组成结构、工作机理以及不同因子对其活性的影响,总结了近几年应用于研究NXR的新方法,并展望了对NXR研究的发展方向及其意义.  相似文献   

2.
沼泽红假单胞菌2-8具有亚硝酸盐还原能力, 根据不同类型亚硝酸盐还原酶保守序列设计引物, 通过PCR扩增的方法对2-8菌株的亚硝酸盐还原酶类型进行鉴定, 发现该菌株的亚硝酸盐还原酶为Cu型亚硝酸盐还原酶。从2-8菌株基因组中克隆出编码该Cu型亚硝酸盐还原酶的基因(nirK), 该基因由1 154个碱基对组成, 在GenBank数据库的登录号为GU332847, 与沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE和CGA009) 的nirK序列相似性为90%。互联网数据库及生物信  相似文献   

3.
摘要:【目的】氨氧化古菌(Ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA)是奇古菌门中的唯一类群,广泛分布于各个生态系统中,对氮素生物地球化学循环起着重要作用。亚硝酸还原酶是反硝化作用的关键酶,目前关于AOA反硝化作用的研究较少,对AOA 亚硝酸盐还原酶基因多样性的研究有利于揭示AOA在反硝化中的作用。【方法】本研究以水体、沉积物和土壤为研究对象,构建了奇古菌样的nirK基因克隆文库,研究了这些环境中nirK相似基因的多样性。【结果】对奇古菌样的nirK基因文库及其序列分析表明:湖水及其沉积物的nirK基因克隆文库得到10个OTUs,菜田土壤和水样则有8个OTUs;系统发育进化树表明这些nirK氨基酸序列和Candidatus Nitrosopumilus koreensis AR1,Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1最为相似,但相似度较低(53%-68%)。克隆文库多样性指数分析表明:所有样品都存在不同类型的nirK基因,水体样品nirK基因类型的多样性和均匀度高于土壤样品,菜田土壤的nirK基因类型多样性最高,分布最均匀。【结论】本研究表明土壤和淡水环境中奇古菌门nirK基因也具有较高的多样性,并且这些基因型与海洋样品差异非常大,这些基因编码的亚硝酸盐还原酶可能对这些环境中的反硝化作用有重要意义。  相似文献   

4.
辛玉峰  曲晓华 《微生物学报》2017,57(12):1898-1907
【目的】为了体现并突出亚硝酸盐还原酶在污水脱氮以及短程硝化中的重要性,对过表达亚硝酸盐还原酶的大肠杆菌进行了污水脱氮的研究。【方法】通过转化带有亚硝酸盐还原酶基因的重组质粒,将亚硝酸盐还原酶在大肠杆菌中过表达,通过分析重组大肠杆菌的产物研究了该酶的表达及还原亚硝酸盐的情况,通过将该重组菌与已报道的硝化-反硝化细菌或生活污水进行混合培养,研究重组菌用于辅助氨氮去除的短程硝化能力。【结果】重组大肠杆菌能正确表达亚硝酸盐还原酶,OD600=2.0的菌悬液在2 h内还原约1 mmol/L的亚硝酸盐,并产生几乎等量的一氧化氮;重组大肠杆菌与Acinetobacter sp.YF14菌株等比例混合时,12 h能够提高氨氮脱氮效率约(36.0±7.4)%,且在4 h时,最大亚硝酸盐的积累量减少37%;重组大肠杆菌(OD600=1.0)12 h内能够提高污水厂活性污泥的脱氮效率约(31.0±5.7)%,且未检测到亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的积累;溶氧水平对于亚硝酸盐还原酶重组菌辅助脱氮具有明显的影响,中等溶氧量[(6.4?0.7)mg/L]时脱氮效果最好。【结论】过表达亚硝酸盐还原酶的大肠杆菌可以提高污水脱氮的短程硝化能力。  相似文献   

5.
Cd1-型亚硝酸盐还原酶脱氮工程菌的构建与表达   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的用基因工程技术将铜绿假单胞菌PAO1中nirS基因定向克隆至表达载体pQE-30上,使nirS基因得到高效表达。方法根据GenBank公布的nirS碱基序列和表达载体pQE-30的多克隆位点设计引物,以铜绿假单胞菌PAO1的基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR技术扩增目的片段nirS;之后经过BamH I和HindⅢ双酶切,定向克隆到pQE-30上,化学转化DH5α,构建含有重组质粒的转化子pQE30-nirS-DH5α;经酶切和测序鉴定,扩增产物的碱基序列与GenBank公布的序列完全吻合,再将重组质粒pQE30-nirS转化表达菌株SG13009构建脱氮基因工程菌pQE30-nirS-SG-13009(PNS)。最后用SDS-PAGE(IPTG浓度:0.05mmol/L;诱导温度:25℃;诱导时间:2~3h)和His-tag in-gel Stain鉴定cd1-型亚硝酸盐还原酶的分子量与特异性。结果构建了高效表达cd1-型亚硝酸盐还原酶的脱氮基因工程菌PNS。结论Cd1-型亚硝酸盐还原酶能够在脱氮基因工程菌PNS中得到正确和高效的表达。  相似文献   

6.
7.
亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化(nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation,N-DAMO)是耦合氮循环和碳循环的关键环节,主要是由亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化菌(Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera)介导完成,对于研究全球氮和碳元素的生物地球化学循环具有重要意义。本文首先总结了国内外N-DAMO的影响因素和在不同自然生态系统中的分布;然后阐述了N-DAMO菌的生理生化特性及其富集培养优化实验和检测技术,最后探讨了N-DAMO技术的应用现状。本综述不仅有助于揭示全球碳氮循环的耦合作用机制,也为N-DAMO反应耦合其他厌氧生物处理过程应用到污水的除碳脱氮上提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

8.
硫化物是一种广泛分布的有毒物质。硫醌氧化还原酶是生物体硫化物代谢的一种关键酶。对该酶的发现与分布、序列特征、催化机制、催化特性、三维结构和生理功能等几个方面进行概述,并对该酶未来研究方向进行展望。  相似文献   

9.
本文较详细地介绍了胆绿素还原酶的研究进展。该酶是一种分子量约为34000的单体分子。此酶以NAD(P)H作为辅酶,但对两种辅酶的最适pH却不相同。动力学研究表明该酶促反应服从随机顺序机制或有序顺序机制,这个酶存在着多种分子形式。这可能与多种形式的胆绿素异构体的存在有关。  相似文献   

10.
王瑶  刘玉香  安华  张浩 《微生物学通报》2014,41(11):2254-2263
【目的】研究不同金属离子对异养氨氧化细菌C16的生长和脱氮性能影响,探讨适于C16生长和脱氮的金属离子及其浓度。【方法】实验选用Mg2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+5种金属离子,对C16的生长﹑脱氮性能﹑亚硝酸盐氮积累以及相关酶活性进行研究。【结果】Mg2+明显促进C16的生长和NH4+-N氧化速率;较高浓度Mn2+使得C16无法生长;原培养基中缺少Fe2+会抑制C16的生长和NH4+-N氧化速率;在原培养基中加入0.1 mmol/L的Cu2+对C16的生长和脱氮具有一定的促进作用,Cu2+使得培养基中基本无NO2--N和NH2OH的积累;不同浓度的Zn2+对C16的生长和氨氮去除有抑制作用。酶活实验结果显示,0.1 mmol/L Mg2+促进了羟胺氧化还原酶(HAO)的活性;0.1 mmol/L Cu2+促进了硝酸盐还原酶(Nar)和亚硝酸盐还原酶(Nir)的活性。【结论】Mg2+是C16生长和脱氮过程中的一种重要金属离子;加入Cu2+可避免过量亚硝酸盐积累。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract Clostridium butyricum strains DSM 552 (ATCC 19398) and ATCC 8260 grow with nitrite and hydroxylamine, but not with nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. Nitrite is largely converted to extracellular ammonium. The nitrite reductases are neither repressed by NH4+ nor induced by NO2, and are located in the cytoplasm. Methyl viologen and ferredoxin, but not NADH, serve as electron donors. No evidence for a nitrate reductase was found in either strain.  相似文献   

12.
    
A Gram (-) coccobacillary bacterium, J(T), was isolated from a graywater bioprocessor. 16S rRNA and biochemical analysis has revealed strain J(T) closely resembles Alcaligenes faecalis ATCC 8750T and A. faecalis subsp. parafaecalis DSM 13975T, but is a distinct, previously uncharacterized isolate. Strain J(T), along with the type strain of A. faecalis and its previously described subspecies share the ability to aerobically degrade phenol. The degradation rates of phenol for strain J(T) and reference phenol degrading bacteria were determined by photometrically measuring the change in optical density when grown on 0.1% phenol as the sole carbon source, followed by addition of Gibb's reagent to measure depletion of substrate. The phenol degradation rates of strain J(T) was found to exceed that of the phenol hydroxylase group III bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, with isolate J(T) exhibiting a doubling time of 4.5 h. The presence of the large subunit of the multicomponent phenol hydroxylase gene in strain J(T) was confirmed by PCR. The presence of the nirK nitrite reductase gene as demonstrated by PCR as well as results obtained from nitrite media indicated denitrification at least to N2O. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, fatty acid analysis and results from DNA DNA hybridization, we propose assigning a novel subspecies of Alcaligenes faecalis, to be named Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus with the type strain J(T) (= DSM 16503) (= NRRL B-41076).  相似文献   

13.
A system has been developed for expressing a His-tagged form of the ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase of spinach in Escherichia coli. The catalytic and spectral properties of the His-tagged, recombinant enzyme are similar, but not identical, to those previously observed for nitrite reductase isolated directly from spinach leaf. A detailed comparison of the spectral, catalytic and fluorescence properties of nitrite reductase variants, in which each of the enzyme’s eight tryptophan residues has been replaced using site-directed mutagenesis by either aromatic or non-aromatic amino acids, has been used to examine possible roles for tryptophan residues in the reduction of nitrite to ammonia catalyzed by the enzyme.  相似文献   

14.
Metalloenzymes of the denitrification pathway   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
  相似文献   

15.
    
Evidence is presented here that axenic cultures of Nostoc spp., Aphanocapsa (PCC 6308), and Aphanocapsa (PCC 6714) but not Anacystis nidulans R-2 (PCC 7942) produce N2O and ammonia when grown on nitrite. The data suggest that the cyanobacteria produce N2O by nitrite reduction to ammonia.Nonstandard abbreviations DCMU 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea - NIR nitrite reductase  相似文献   

16.
17.
Abstract Repeated subculturing of Rhodobacter capsulatus strain BK5 under phototrophic conditions on a medium containing butyrate and nitrate led to the appearance of cultures that, unlike the original, produced gas. Isolation of a pure culture of the gas-forming organism revealed that it was a derivative of R. capsulatus BK5 that by virtue of expressing a nitrite reductase can catalyse the complete sequence of the denitrification reactions. The nitrite reductase is of the type that contains copper rather than haem.  相似文献   

18.
Summary Three tobacco nitrite reductase (NiR) cDNA clones were isolated using spinach NiR cDNA as a probe. Sequence analysis and Southern blot hybridization revealed four genes in tobacco. Two of these genes presumably derived from the ancestral species Nicotiana tomentosiformis, the other two from the ancestor N. sylvestris. Northern blot analysis showed that one gene from each ancestral genome was expressed predominantly in leaves, whilst RNA from the other was detected mostly in roots. The accumulation of both leaf and root NiR mRNAs was induced by nitrate and repressed by nitrate- or ammonium-derived metabolites. In addition, the expression of the root NiR gene was detectable in leaves of a tobacco nitrate reductase (NR)-deficient mutant. Thus, the regulation of expression of tobacco NiR genes is comparable to the regulation of expression of barley NR genes.  相似文献   

19.
    
Mutants Saccharomyces cerevisiae deleted on the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (tps1) and their parental wild-type cells were submitted to hydrostatic pressure in the range of 0–200 MPa. Experimental evidence showed that viability for both strains decreased with increasing pressure and that tps1 mutants, unable to accumulate trehalose, were more sensitive to hydrostatic pressure than the wild-type cells. Additionally, both tps1 and wild-type cells in the stationary phase, when there is an accumulation of endogenous trehalose, were more resistant to pressure than proliferating cells. Under these conditions, mutant cells were also more sensitive to pressure treatment than the wild type. The present work also showed that mild pressure pretreatment did not induce hydrostatic pressure resistance (barotolerance) in yeast cells.  相似文献   

20.
与氮转化有关的土壤酶活性对抑制剂施用的响应   总被引:35,自引:6,他引:35  
利用室内模拟培养试验,研究好气条件下施用尿素后土壤脲酶、脲酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶和羟胺还原酶活性对脲酶抑制剂氢醌(HQ)与硝化抑制剂包被碳化钙(ECC)和双氰胺(DCD)组合(HQ ECC、HQ DCD)的响应、结果表明,HQ DCD组合与其它抑制剂处理相比能更有效地降低土壤脲酶活性,增加硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、羟胺还原酶活性,不同处理土壤脲酶、亚硝酸还原酶和羟胺还原酶活性与土壤NH4^ 、NO3^-、NH3挥发和N2O排放速率间存在不同形式的显著相关关系:土壤脲酶、亚硝酸还原酶和羟胺还原酶活性之间存在不同形式的显著正相关关系。  相似文献   

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