工业生物技术专刊序言

以生物催化和生物转化为核心的工业生物技术是实现社会和经济可持续发展的有效手段。本期专刊分别从基因工程、代谢工程与合成生物学、生理工程、发酵工程与生化工程、生物催化与生物转化、生物技术与方法等方面,介绍了我国在工业生物技术领域的最新研究进展。     

2019工业生物学专刊序言

工业生物技术作为可持续发展的重要途径,其创新发展离不开基础学科的支撑。工业生物学研究工业环境下生物体行为的基本规律和作用机制,解决适应工业环境的生物体设计构建及应用的关键科学问题,是工业生物技术学科基础。为了梳理和凝练工业生物学发展状况,本刊特组织出版专刊,从工业蛋白科学、工业细胞科学和工业发酵科学三个方面,分别阐述学科的发展动态,展望未来的发展趋势,为促进工业生物技术发展奠定基础。     

2017兽医生物技术专刊序言

兽医生物技术是生物技术在兽医领域的应用,虽然起步相对滞后,但近十年来发展比较迅速。本专刊通过4个栏目,即综述、新技术、新方法和其他,介绍了新发和再发动物传染病的诊断、疫苗等领域的研究进展。     

中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所建所10周年专刊序言

工业生物技术是指以微生物或酶为催化剂进行物质转化,大规模地生产人类所需的化学品、医药、燃料、材料、食品等产品的生物技术。发展工业生物技术是人类由化石经济向生物经济过渡的关键路径,是解决人类目前面临的资源、能源及环境问题的重要手段。中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所是我国工业生物技术和生物制造领域的主力代表。本文结合该研究所成立十年来的发展,简要回顾了我国工业生物技术发展战略规划布局、重要技术突破进展和行业影响,并对我国工业生物技术和生物制造的未来发展进行了展望分析。     

2014工业生物技术专刊序言

工业生物技术是解决人类目前面临的资源、能源及环境危机的有效手段。本期专刊结合第七届中国工业生物技术发展高峰论坛,报道了我国工业生物技术领域专家学者在生物信息学、微生物细胞工厂的模拟设计与构建、工业发酵工程、工业酶的改造与应用、高通量筛选方法等领域取得的最新研究进展。     

工业生物技术创新与发展—“中国工业生物技术发展高峰论坛·2008”专刊序言

资源匮乏、能源短缺和环境污染日趋恶化等现实问题,已经成为社会可持续发展的巨大障碍。工业生物技术作为生物技术发展的第三次浪潮,是解决目前人类所面临的资源、能源与环境问题的有效途径之一,是工业可持续发展最有希望的技术。本期“中国工业生物技术发展高峰论坛·2008”专刊, 集中展现了我国工业生物技术专家学者在生物炼制和生物基化学品、微生物基因组学和生物信息学、代谢工程与药物研发、现代工业酶技术、生物炼制细胞工厂、生物催化与生物转化、工业生物过程技术以及工业微生物菌种的选育和改良等工业生物技术领域所取得的最新进展。希望通过专刊的出版, 更好地促进我国工业生物技术领域的交流和发展。     

工业生物技术创新与发展—“中国工业生物技术发展高峰论坛·2008”专刊序言

资源匮乏、能源短缺和环境污染日趋恶化等现实问题,已经成为社会可持续发展的巨大障碍。工业生物技术作为生物技术发展的第三次浪潮,是解决目前人类所面临的资源、能源与环境问题的有效途径之一,是工业可持续发展最有希望的技术。本期“中国工业生物技术发展高峰论坛·2008”专刊, 集中展现了我国工业生物技术专家学者在生物炼制和生物基化学品、微生物基因组学和生物信息学、代谢工程与药物研发、现代工业酶技术、生物炼制细胞工厂、生物催化与生物转化、工业生物过程技术以及工业微生物菌种的选育和改良等工业生物技术领域所取得的最新进展。希望通过专刊的出版, 更好地促进我国工业生物技术领域的交流和发展。     

国外环境生物技术的发展和展望

环境生物技术在社会的发展中起着越来越重要的积极作用,相关产业也随之迅速发展起来,环境治理要依赖对生物,尤其是微生物及其生理,生化特性的了解和认识,从而可以对其生理,生化和遗传方面的性能加以利用。在这方面,分离解毒微生物及阐明毒物降解过程和机理仍是现在研究的焦点,与此同时,对遗传基因方面的研究和利用还有许多研究工作待进行,监测和跟踪微生物已进入到了分子水平,而传感监测方面已有一些可喜的成果正在向生产转化,生物修复作为消除污染的手段正治理中发挥巨大的作用,但环境保护的根本应是在于进行无污染产生的生产,也称之为绿色生产,未来的社会中,环境生物技术仍对将社会产生巨大的影响,对环境保护起到重要的作用,特别是在新型生物能源的开发和探索方面,本文同时也对世界不同地区在环境生物技术的发展及其特点进行了综述。     

环境生物技术

应用微生物对污染的地下水进行生物净化的示意图细菌能分解有机污染物,并且具有固定金属元素及放射性元素的潜在能力。营养物通过一个注射系统注入污水中以便刺激细菌增长,使用监视井来评价净化的程度（经ＰａｃｉｆｉｃＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ,ＲｉｃｈｌａｎｄＷＡ允许摘用）３环境生物技术领域中的机遇地球上的生命质量与环境的总体质量有着密不可分的联系。随着空气、水和土地资源的压力日益严重,近年...     

Generation of a mutagenized organophosphorus hydrolase for the biodegradation of the organophosphate pesticides malathion and demeton‐S

Aims: The bacterial organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) enzyme hydrolyses and detoxifies a broad range of toxic organophosphate pesticides and warfare nerve agents by cleaving the various phosphorus‐ester bonds (P–O, P–F, P–CN, P–S); however, OPH hydrolyses these bonds with varying efficiencies. The aim of this study was to generate a variant OPH enzyme with improved hydrolytic efficiency against the poorly hydrolysed P–S class of organophosphates. Methods and Results: The gene encoding OPH was sequentially mutated at specific codons by saturation mutagenesis and screened for improved activity against the P–S substrates demeton‐S methyl and malathion. Escherichia coli lysates harbouring the variants displayed up to 177‐ and 1800‐fold improvement in specific activity against demeton‐S methyl and malathion, respectively, compared to the wild‐type lysates. The specificity constants of the purified variant proteins were improved up to 25‐fold for demeton‐S methyl and malathion compared to the wild‐type. Activity was associated with organophosphate detoxification as the hydrolysed substrate lost the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. The improved hydrolytic efficiency against demeton‐S translated to the improved ability to hydrolyse the warfare agent VX. Conclusions: OPH variant enzymes were generated that displayed significantly improved ability to hydrolyse and detoxify organophosphates harbouring the P–S bond. Significance and Impact of the Study: The long‐term goal is to generate an environmentally‐friendly enzyme‐mediated bioremediation approach for the removal of toxic organophosphate compounds in the environment.     

Emerging biotechnological potentials of DyP-type peroxidases in remediation of lignin wastes and phenolic pollutants: a global assessment (2007–2019)

Dye decolourizing peroxidase (DyP) is an emerging biocatalyst with enormous bioremediation and biotechnological potentials. This study examined the global trend of research related to DyP through a bibliometric analysis. The search term ‘dye decolourizing peroxidase’ or ‘DyP-type peroxidase’ was used to retrieve published articles between 2007 and 2019 from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. A total of 62 articles were published within the period, with an annual growth rate of 17·6%. The highest research output was observed in 2015, which accounted for about 13% of the total output in 12 years. Germany published the highest number of articles (n = 10, 16·1%) with a total citation of 478. However, the lowest number of published articles among the top 10 countries was observed in India and Korea (n = 2, 3·2%). Research collaboration was low (collaboration index = 4·08). In addition to dye decolourizing peroxidase(s) and DyP-type peroxidase(s) (n = 33, 53·23%), the top authors keywords and research focus included lignin and lignin degradation (n = 10, 16·1 %). More so, peroxidase (n = 59, 95·2%), amino acid sequence (n = 27, 46·8%), lignin (n = 24, 38·7%) and metabolism (n = 23, 37·1%) were highly represented in keywords-plus. The most common conceptual framework from this study include characterization, lignin degradation and environmental proteomics. Apart from the inherent efficient dye-decolourizing properties, this study showed that DyP has emerging biotechnological potentials in lignin degradation and remediation of phenolic environmental pollutants, which at the moment are under explored globally.     

污染土壤的植物修复

污染土壤的植物修复沈德中（中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京１０００９４）ＰｈｙｔｏｒｅｍｅｄｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｅｄＳｏｉｌ．ＳｈｅｎＤｅｚｈｏｎｇ（ＣｏｌｅｇｅｏｆＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ,ＣｈｉｎａＡｇｒｉｃ...     

Harnessing plant-bacteria-fungi interactions to improve plant growth and degradation of organic pollutants

Exploiting the potential of bacteria in phytoremediation for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from soils and (ground)water holds great promise. Besides bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi and free-living saprotrophs are well known for their strong degradative capacities and plant growth promotion effects, which makes them of high interest for use in different bioremediation strategies. To further increase the efficiency and successes of phytoremediation, interactions between plants and their associated microorganisms, both bacteria and fungi, should be further investigated, in addition to the close interactions between bacteria and fungi. Benefitting from an increased understanding of microbial community structure and assembly allows us to better understand how the holobiont can be modified to improve pollutant degradation and plant growth. In this review, we present an overview of insights in plant-bacteria-fungi interactions and the opportunities of exploiting these tripartite interactions to enhance the effectiveness of phytoremediation of organic pollutants.