神农架大九湖12．5kaBP以来的孢粉与植被序列

在神农架海拔1700m的大九湖盆地12．5kaBP以来晚第四纪中,高密度地取得3个钻孔的孢粉样品,建立起晚第四纪高分辨率孢粉组合序列,划分出15个综合孢粉带,代表15个不同时代类型的古植物群落,根据植被演替及其所反映的气候变化过程,本文还讨论了第四纪植被与气候阶段的划分问题,认为高分辨率孢粉－植被序列的建立与研究可以反映多种时间尺度,特别是小尺度的环境变化与事件,从而更详细地揭示其演变轨迹与特点。     

腾格里沙漠晚更新世孢粉植物群与气候环境演变

根据腾格里沙漠断头梁人工开挖剖面距今约４２０００～２３０００ａＢＰ（晚更新世）的孢粉分析结果,可将该期植被和气候演化划分为５个阶段（组合带）：阶段Ⅰ,约４２０００～３８０００ａＢＰ,此段孢粉组合特征显示出,在现今为戈壁荒漠的山地丘陵上,当时发育着针阔混交林,在古湖边缘上发育着杨柳林和草原,气候较温暖湿润;阶段Ⅱ,约３８０００～３１０００ａＢＰ,气候温暖湿润,地带性植被为以温带、暖温带阔叶林为主的针阔混交林,湖畔河边发育着草甸植被;阶段Ⅲ,约３１０００～３００００ａＢＰ,为针叶林和寒温性高山柳丛大发展时期,气候寒温,为一冷期;阶段Ⅳ,约３００００～２８０００ａＢＰ,为冷期过后的升温期,也是湖面扩大期,孢粉组合中藻类含量高,为草甸和沼泽植被;阶段Ⅴ,２８０００～２３０００ａＢＰ,孢粉组合显示出丘陵山地上发育温带柏和桦为主的针阔混交林,平原上生长着草原植被,湖畔、河边有柳林分布,气候较温暖湿润,但较阶段Ⅰ略干。此剖面孢粉组合所反映的气候变化特征与古里雅及格陵兰冰芯δ１８Ｏ所记录的同期气候变化特征具有良好的可比性。     

燕山地区表土花粉与植被间的数量关系

 根据表土花粉分析和植被样方调查,燕山地区各植被带的表土孢粉组合在总体面貌上代表了植被组成,但孢粉组合不等于植被组成,而影响其差异的原因是孢粉保存、孢粉产量、外来孢粉和孢粉鉴定。表土花粉的代表性因种属不同而差异颇大,乔木植物花粉中松(Pinus)、桦(Betula)、胡桃     

南京紫金山现代植被表土孢粉的初步研究

 选择南京紫金山现代植被进行植被调查和表土孢粉分析。结合中国东部不同气候带下的几个地点表土孢粉分析,把孢粉百分含量、孢粉组合及孢粉优势种、标志种与植被的各项参数进行对比,找出植被与孢粉之间的关系。为恢复古植被、古生态和古气候提供科学依据。     

干旱区石羊河流域河水孢粉组合特征

石羊河流域初春和仲夏两季不同地点 ,洪水期、平水期 30个河水样孢粉分析显示 ,没有人类影响的情况下 ,河水样孢粉组合是由河流上游径流区的植物孢粉和采样点附近植被孢粉组成的 ,前者在孢粉组合中至少占30 %～ 6 0 %。河水搬运孢粉的能力非常强 ,可长距离、大量地搬运孢粉。孢粉组合中河水贡献孢粉的含量较高 ,如 :云杉属 (PiceaDietr.)花粉河水的贡献率在中下游可达 16 .5 %和 7.7%。采样时间、地点影响河水的孢粉组合和浓度 ,洪水期是孢粉搬运的主要时期。河水经过水库后 ,其中孢粉绝大多数沉积在水库中。     

东北长白山垂直林带下现代表土花粉与植被关系

在长白山北坡5个垂直植被带的林下采集29个表土(苔藓)样品进行孢粉分析,同时将其结果作对应分析.结果表明,除个别样品,在长白山垂直植被带的孢粉组合中乔木花粉占优势,其中以松属和桦木属最多,在各植被带均有分布.松属花粉最高含量出现在以红松为主的针阔混交林带的孢粉组合中;桦木属花粉则大量见于亚高山岳桦林带和以栎桦为主的阔叶落叶林带,但前者伴有耐寒、早的小灌丛杜鹃花属花粉,而在后者中则见有大量蕨类孢子.阔叶落叶林带的孢粉组合是以类型多、百分含量高的落叶乔木花粉和大量蕨类孢子为特征.亚高山针叶林带的孢粉组合中出现数量众多的云杉属花粉.在高山苔原带孢粉组合中虽然乔木花粉略占优势,但极少或不见蕨类孢子,与其他植被带比较,草本植物和小灌丛花粉明鲜较多,其中杜鹃属花粉含量在草本中占优势,其中出现苔原带的指示花粉--仙女木属.     

南海184站深海沉积中孢粉、藻类研究及古环境分析

对南海184站深海柱状剖面进行了孢粉、藻类研究,根据孢粉成分的变化将南海184站深海沉积从下至上划分了5个孢粉组合带,依次为:Ⅰ带(460-370 cm):Quercus(常绿)-Pinus-Dacrydium-Magnolia-Polypodiaceae孢粉带;Ⅱ带(370-250 cm):Taxodiaceae-Quercus(常绿)-Pinus-Polypodiaceae孢粉带;Ⅲ带(250-140 cm):Pinus-Polypodiaceae-Gramineae-Pteridium孢粉带;Ⅳ带(140-95 cm):Polypodiaceae-Pinus-Quercus(常绿)-Gramineae孢粉带;Ⅴ带(95-0 cm):Dacrydium-Pinus-Cyathea-Polypodiaceae孢粉带.并相应恢复了南海东部12万年以来4个植被、气候和古环境演替阶段,结合氧同位素测年资料,对184站柱状地层时代划分做了讨论,为南海古植被、古气候和古环境演变研究提供了科学依据.     

云南亚热带南部表土孢粉组合与植被间的定量关系

以云南亚热带南部沿温度带分布的35个表土孢粉样品和7个植被样方调查为基础,计算了代表性孢粉类型的百分比和孢粉浓度,及常见孢粉的R值,并分析了影响R值的因素;同时,研究了植物群落和样方内孢粉组合的相似度。结果表明,云南亚热带南部表土样品孢粉产量丰富,蕨类植物孢子产量较高,具有典型的亚热带特征,且山地垂直分异显著;木本、草本植物花粉基本代表了区域内乔木和草本植物特征,蕨类植物孢子则具有超代表性;表土孢粉组合与植物群落间的相似系数绝大部分都在70％以上,表土孢粉组合基本上可以反映植物群落面貌;表明云南亚热带地区表土孢粉与现代植被之间具有较好的对应关系,这对在该区利用化石孢粉资料定量恢复古植被和重建古气候有重要意义。     

重庆喀斯特地区现代花粉组合与植被的关系

重庆喀斯特地区4种不同地貌单元的81份表土和苔藓样品的孢粉分析结果表明:(1)研究区植物孢粉组合共由109科属组成。除金佛山外,其他植被退化严重地区样点均以草本和蕨类植物占据优势(剔除石漠化治理大量引种的马尾松、柳杉和侧柏等乔木花粉),其次是乔木植物花粉(主要为马尾松),灌木植物花粉含量很低,显示该区植被退化严重;(2)孢粉组合的PCA分析能够很好地将研究区的现代孢粉组合区分开来,较好地反映了重庆喀斯特地区不同地貌单元的植被特征,特别是石漠化区植被退化严重的孢粉组合特征。生态保护较好、自然植被发育的金佛山地区具有106科属的乔木、灌木与草本孢粉类型,以及高含量的乔木花粉,而喀斯特石漠化地区的鸡公山(46科属)、青木关镇(56科属)和南平镇(50科属)则表现为乔灌木孢粉类型较少;(3)银杉作为金佛山特有的孑遗植物,其花粉含量明显低于松属花粉,说明其花粉不利于远距离传播;(4)随着土地利用强度的增加,现代孢粉组合中乔灌木花粉含量和种类越少,草本和蕨类植物孢粉含量越多,且以耕地杂草为主。因此,土地利用方式的变化是喀斯特石漠化区次生植被及其现代孢粉组合变化的主要影响因素。研究可为重庆喀斯特地区土地利用策略的制定,重庆及其周边地区第四纪古植被、古气候和古环境重建研究,以及中国孢粉数据库建设提供基本数据和科学依据。     

江苏省江都市大桥镇ZKA4钻孔第四纪孢粉组合及其环境变化研究

本文依据江苏省江都市大桥镇第四系钻孔(ZKA4)中孢粉的分布,自下至上划分了11个孢粉组合:1.Betula-Ulmus-Artemisia,2.Ulmus-Chenopodiaceae-Quercus,3.Artemisia-Gramineae-Quercus,4.Liquidambar-Polypodiaceae-Ulmus,5.Pinus-Quercus-Betula-Juglans,6.Quercus-Juglans-Artemisia,7.Quercus-Polygonum-JuglansCarya,8.Betula-Gramineae-Artemisia,9.Quercus-Polypodiaceae,10.Podocarpus-Triorites-Polypodiaceae,11.Pinus-Podocarpus-Juglans-Pterocarya。依据孢粉组合,识别出更新世以来七个气候冷暖变化阶段。孢粉组合1为常绿落叶针阔叶混交林,气候以冷干为主,向上气候回暖;孢粉组合2为高寒灌丛—落叶针阔叶混交林,以冷干为主;孢粉组合3为草本—落叶针阔叶混交林,较前一阶段气候变暖,偏暖干;孢粉组合4-5以落叶阔叶为主,整体上以变暖为主;孢粉组合6-7为落叶针阔叶混交林,整体气候为暖湿,早期略干;孢粉组合8-9为以针叶为主的针阔叶混交林,气候温凉偏湿;孢粉组合10-11为常绿—落叶阔叶混交林,气候以湿暖为主。     

The first record of the slender sunfish Ranzania laevis from the Red Sea

A female specimen of the slender sunfish Ranzania laevis of 600 mm total length was recorded for the first time from the Red Sea after being stranded on a shallow sandy bay at Hurghada beach (27° 06′ 16″ N; 33° 50′ 01″ E) on 13 May 2012. Ranzania laevis is believed to have migrated from the Indian Ocean as the nearest area where it was found is coastal waters of Oman.     

Length‐weight relationships of six fish species from São Marcos Bay,Northeastern Brazil

Length‐weight relationship parameters were calculated for six fish species from São Marcos Bay, in Northeast Brazil (the segment between 02°35′55″S and 44°20′58″W; 02°34′53″S and 44°21′48″W; 02º42′25″S and 44º26′46″W). The specimens were caught quarterly from April 2010 to February 2013, using monofilament gillnets (2, 4 and 6 cm between knots) from 100 m to 3,000 m long and 4 m to 6 m high. The present study covers a much wider size range for four species and adds new information for the maximum length of Notarius bonillai.     

木论喀斯特林区翠柏群落学特征的初步研究

广西木论喀斯特林区,位于我国中亚热带南缘。据６００ｍ２翠柏群落样方调查结果：有维管束植物７６种,隶５１科６９属,其中单种的属占８９．９％。植物区系以热带分布区类型为主,占总属数（不含世界分布）的７１．０％,温带分布占２５．８％,但群落的种类组成是以亚热带成分占优势,按Ｒａｒｎｋｉａｅｒ生活型分类系统,高位芽植物占８２．９％,地面芽植物占１５．８％,一年生植物占１．３％,缺少地上芽和地下芽植物;从生理角度分析,叶级以小型叶（包括微型和鳞型叶）为主,占５９．２％;叶型以单叶占的比例最大,为８６．８％,群落结构可分为乔、灌、草三层,其中乔木层又可分出二个亚层。对该群落各乔木种群的大小结构分析,显示出翠柏群落是相对稳定性较大的群落。     

Length–weight relationship of selected elasmobranch species from north‐eastern Arabian Sea,India

Length–weight relationship (LWR) was estimated for 12 elasmobranch species; five shark species, four species of rays and three species of guitar fishes from north‐eastern Arabian Sea, India. Five major landing centres of Maharashtra were selected; Satpati (Lat. 19°43′15″N, Long. 72°42′00″E), Naigaon (Lat. 19°19′32″N, Long. 72°48′54″E), Versova (Lat. 19°08′33″N, Long. 72°48′11″E), New ferry Wharf (Lat. 18°57′29″N Long. 72°51′01″E) and Sassoon dock (Lat. 18°54′42″N, Long. 72°49′33″E). Samples were collected fortnightly during August 2016 to October 2017 from various gears; drift gill nets (Hung length 114–143 m and #100–270 mm) off Satpati coast at 35–50 m depth, dol nets (length 50–65 m and cod end # 30–69 mm) in Naigaon at 38–50 m depth and trawl (length 33–72 m and cod end # 17–32 mm) in Versova, New ferry Wharf and Sassoon dock operated at 20–50 m depth. Multiday fishing was carried out with 2–3 fishing trips in a month, each trip with duration of 7–13 days. Soaking time of gill net and dol net varied from 4 to 8 hr while each trawl haul lasted for 3–4 hr. Length–weight/Disc‐width‐weight relationship showed good fit with r² values varying from 0.818 to 0.999. In addition to information on LWR, new maximum size for three species of elasmobranchs is reported in this paper.     

泥河湾盆地发现短喙象化石

本文记述泥河湾盆地河北蔚县两个地点发现的化石,它们被鉴定为短喙象类的?Anancus和Pentalopodon两个属。     

Length–weight relationships of three fish species from Kerala waters,south‐west coast of India

Length–weight relationships (LWRs) of three fish species: Scomberomorus commerson, Alepes vari, and A. kleinii were estimated from Kerala waters, south‐west coast of India. Fish were captured between June 2016 and June 2017 by various gears such as ring seine (8–26 mm mesh size), trawl (30–40 mm cod end mesh size), hook and line (hook number VI–XII), smaller mesh sized drift gill net (26–90 mm) and larger one (120–170 mm) for bigger size fishes. Fish were collected on weekly basis from Cochin Fisheries Harbour (Lat. 09°56′327″N, Long. 76°15′764″E), Munambam Fisheries Harbour (Lat. 10°10′965″N, Long. 76°10′258″E), Kalamukku (Lat. 09°59′924″N, Long. 76°14′564″E) and Chellanam (Lat. 09°47′950″N, Long. 76°16′551″E). All LWRs were significant with r² values ranged from 0.944 to 0.996 and b values ranged from 2.722 to 3.021 (p < .001). In addition, this study provides the information on LWRs and new maximum size for Alepes vari and A. kleinii.     

The first data on the biology and distribution of the Japanese fringed sculpin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porocottus japonicus</Emphasis> Schmidt, 1935 (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) in the northwestern Sea of Japan

The Japanese fringed sculpin Porocottus japonicus Schmidt has been found in the Rynda (44°48′03″ N, 136°23′24″ E) and Vladimira (43°52′36″ N, 135°29′30″ E) (Sea of Japan, Primorskii krai) bays for the first time. This species was formerly known only from the northern Tatar Strait and Aniva Bay. In Primorskii krai, P. japonicus inhabits macrophyte beds in shallow sublittoral waters. It reaches a length of 112 mm during its lifespan of approximately 4 years. Spawning occurs in the winter. The species preys predominantly on polychaetes (82.3% of the food weight).     

湖南莽山自然保护区的水生维管束植物——多样性及其生境特征

莽山自然保护区位于湖南省宜章县境内 (2 4°52′0 0″～ 2 5°0 3′12″N,112°4 3′19″～ 113°0 0′10″E) ,属南岭支脉。作者对该地区水生维管束植物及其生境进行了考察 ,采集到水生沼生维管束植物30科 4 7属 6 7种 ,其中 30种为莽山地区新记录。在比较沼泽和湖泊水生植物群落结构特点的基础上 ,讨论了沼泽作为水生植物重要生境的意义 ,建议对作为珍稀濒危水生植物重要产地的长江以南山地沼泽采取有效的保护措施     

Hymenobacter puniceus sp. nov., radiation resistant bacteria isolated from soil in South Korea

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - Two novel Gram-negative bacterial strains BT190T and BT191 were isolated from soil collected in Uijeongbu city (37°44′55″N, 127°02′20″E),...     

The role of dominant prairie species ecotypes on plant diversity patterns of restored grasslands across a rainfall gradient in the US Great Plains

Questions

A robust ecosystem requires a functionally heterogeneous community of organisms with ecological traits that permit broad resource partitioning. Understanding community diversity patterns can help investigate drivers of community assembly and assess restoration success. Do biodiversity patterns differ among grassland communities sown with different ecotypes of dominant species during restoration along a rainfall gradient in the tallgrass prairie of the central US Great Plains?

Location

Four field sites across a rainfall gradient within the North American Great Plains: Colby, Kansas (39°23′17.8″N, 101°04′57.4″W), Hays, Kansas (38°51′13.2″N, 99°19′08.6″W), Manhattan, Kansas (39°08′22.3″N, 96°38′23.3″W), and Carbondale, Illinois (IL, 37°41′47.0″N, 89°14′19.2″W).

Methods

We applied linear mixed models to assess the effect of dominant species ecotype, year, and location on grassland taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity.

Results

The non-local grass ecotype (compared to the local ecotype) promoted species richness. In contrast, the effect of the dominant species ecotype on phylogenetic or functional diversity was site-specific over the 10-year restoration. Richness decreased across the rainfall gradient from dry to moist sites, and the wettest site had the highest phylogenetic and functional diversity.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that abiotic filtering by rainfall is a key assembly mechanism that could predict grassland changes in biodiversity in the early restoration phases. Given the community response across the tallgrass prairie, restoration practitioners should consider the impact of regional sources of dominant species used in restoration when biodiversity is a restoration goal. It is recommended for future grassland restoration to detect gaps and limitations in evolutionary and trait structure that will reveal which diversity components to evaluate.