FS痢疾双价活菌苗治疗慢性腹泻70例疗效初步观察

对７０例临床诊断为慢性腹泻的病例经口服冻干ＦＳ痢疾双价活菌苗一个疗程三次服苗治疗后,除对慢性菌痢和溃疡性结肠炎患者中各有１例无明显效果外（２．８６％）,其余６８例慢性腹泻治疗后,有１７例显效（２４．２９％）,５１例有效（７２．８６％）。大多数病人经两次服苗后慢性腹泻症状,体征消失或缓解;半年随访发现６８例治疗有效的病人中,仅一例於治疗后两个月时复发,其余患者未见复发。     

痢疾菌苗的研究现状与发展趋势

<正>从日本人志贺氏发现菌痢的病原到现在已经有近一百年的历史了。在整整一个世纪的时间里,全世界的有志之士从未间断过对痢疾菌苗的研究。这主要是因为它的感染剂量小,10个菌即可使没有免疫力的人患病,而伤寒则起码要10000个菌。它不但可以通过食物和水传播,而且可以经过人与人的接触传播,在发展中国家,由于卫生条件不好,至今菌痢仍是一个主要的公共卫生问题,年发病率很高,最高的可达20万/10万人口。我国的菌痢,据近两年疫情报告的统计也均居首位:1988年为190/10万,1989年为140/30万。相比之下发达国家则较低,为50/10万。迫切需要一种有效的预防制品对之进行免疫。可惜的是,前人的努力均以失败而告终。志贺氏发现菌痢的病原之后,即曾以之制成菌苗,给一万多人做了注射免疫,但因灭活不全,菌苗中尚有毒菌,结果有不少人得了该病;苏联从1924年即用痢疾死菌苗口服免疫,直到50年代初在     

无细胞百日咳菌苗的效力试验

<正>近十年来,已研究开发了若干种无细胞百日咳菌苗,并有望取代当今使用中的全细胞菌苗。百日咳菌苗有多种抗原,如百日咳毒素(PT)、丝状血凝素(FHA)、菌毛混合物(Fim2+3)及69KDa外膜蛋白是无细胞菌苗之所需组分。最近在美国开展了旨在比较全细胞和13种无细胞菌苗免疫原性和反应原生力2期临床试验。这些无细胞菌苗或只含有PT,或由PT与上述的1种或1种以上的抗原组合而成,并已通过化学处理或对其菌体作遗传学修饰消除了毒注。进入2期临床试验的无细胞菌苗,不     

口服福氏2a和宋内氏痢疾双价活菌苗FS人群粪抗体检测

本文测试了经三剂（共１×１０１１ｃｆｕ）ＦＳ双价活菌苗口服免疫的１６３名中学生免前及免后１、３和６个月时特异性ｓＩｇＡ粪抗体水平。结果发现,服苗后半年内,分别有７１％和７７．９％的免疫人群特异性抗福氏２ａ和抗宋内氏ｓＩｇＡ有四倍以上升高,且有８２．９％的人群粪便中,两种抗体的应答状况表现一致,说明该菌苗具有良好的免疫原性,并具有双价菌苗的免疫学特性。     

冻干口服霍乱rBS—WC菌苗安全及保护效果评价的小鼠模型探讨

本文仿照人口服免疫程序用小鼠为模型对冻干口服霍乱ｒＢＳ－ＷＣ菌苗制品进行了安全及保护率评价。给ＫＭ小鼠口服三种不同剂量的ｒＢＳ－ＷＣ菌苗后,无发病,无体重减轻,无死亡现象,表明该菌苗安全,无毒副作用。免疫组与安慰剂组小鼠用肠结扎攻毒试验评价保护效果,两组小鼠用吴江－２及滨－４３活菌攻击后,免疫组显示良好保护作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）。此法可以用于口服型ｒＢＳ－ＷＣ菌苗的评价,但也存在需要动物数较多,个体间差异较大,手术较麻烦的问题。     

一种全细胞百日咳菌苗效力试验替代方法的建立

<正>全细胞百日咳菌苗的效力通过小鼠保护试验(AMPT)来判定。此法是用不同稀释度的百日咳国际参考苗(ZSPV)和待检菌苗免疫小鼠,14天后脑腔攻击Bordetella百日咳菌18323(100-1000LD50)。 从1951年到1959年,由医学研究委员会进行的现场研究表明,能使小鼠抵抗脑腔攻击的百日咳菌苗也可保护儿童。尽管在AMPT的结果和接种的个体产生的保护力之间有高度的相关性,此试验仍有许多操作上的困难:(i)需要大量可对百日咳菌苗的免疫产生应答的小鼠。这些动物须在适宜的环境中喂养一个月,费用很高;(ii)脑腔注射需要毒株;(iii)实验室间和实验室内的结果有很大的     

改良炭疽菌苗开发中克隆的保护性效力和进展

<正>以往的研究致力于开发更安全、有效的人用炭疽菌苗,已经证明无论化学菌苗或活菌苗必须含有一种或几种毒素成份方可保护活芽胞攻击。我们近期的研究致力于∶畜苗炭疽杆菌Sterne株Aro_突变株,产保护性抗原(PA)的重组活菌苗,和含PA,PA片段和新佐剂配方的非活菌苗。 炭疽杆菌Aro—1和Aro—2 用四环素抗性转座子Tn916致突变,使炭疽杆菌链霉素抗体、产毒素、无荚膜株UM23—1产生两个独立的Aro~-突变株,此二株Aro~-突变株的生长需要几种芳香族复合物,命名为Aro—1、Aro~-—2,它们对小鼠和豚鼠比UM23—1株毒力弱,但用其免疫小鼠和豚鼠,对强毒炭疽杆菌芽胞致死量非肠道攻击提供明显保护。当体外无四环素培养时,两种Aro~-突变株回变到亲本表型。     

狂犬病小鼠模型的制作

目的建立狂犬病病毒感染动物疾病模型。方法狂犬病病毒CVS-B2C毒株以10LD50剂量腿部肌肉注射接种4~6周龄的BALB/c小鼠,0.2 mL/只,于BSL2实验室负压IVC设备内饲养观察,并对其模型进行评价。结果小鼠接种狂犬病病毒后一周左右就出现临床症状,表现为饮食量下降,毛皮慢慢失去原先的光泽,体重下降,并出现麻痹等症状,进而死亡,部分小鼠出现躁狂的症状或抽搐性和强直性痉挛,而对照组小鼠则表现正常。DFA法检测结果：感染上狂犬病毒的小鼠脑组织涂片中出现特异性荧光抗体染色反应,而对照组动物的小鼠脑组织涂片未出现荧光抗体染色反应。RT-PCR法检测结果：从感染小鼠脑组织标本中提取病毒RNA,引物扩增出的目的基因片段,大小约为1kb,为N蛋白。免疫组化法检测结果：感染狂犬病毒的小鼠脑切片显示出棕色阳性颗粒,对照组小鼠脑切片染色阴性。病理检测结果：HE染色可见感染小鼠脑组织炎性细胞浸润,神经细胞胞质内出现内基体以及神经细胞退行性病变。结论成功的复制出小鼠狂犬病病毒感染模型,为研究和控制狂犬病奠定了基础。     

建立小鼠心肌梗死模型的研究

目的建立心肌梗死小鼠模型。方法40只昆明小鼠,PTCA导丝逆行引导下气管插管,人工呼吸,采用开胸结扎左冠状动脉前降支方法造成心肌梗死。结果40只小鼠成功行左前降支结扎术;术后1天存活小鼠38只,术后2周存活32只。结论此方法可有效模拟心肌梗死的发生。     

痢疾结合疫苗LPS制备条件的优化研究

通过对痢疾杆菌LPS提取过程中主要制备环节的优化和改进,确立最佳提取条件和纯化过程,并应用优化后的工艺路线分别制备八批次福氏2 a痢疾杆菌和宋内氏痢疾杆菌LPS;福氏2 a痢疾杆菌LPS批平均产量为1.633g,宋内氏痢疾杆菌LPS批产量平均为1.251g,批产量相对稳定,平均产量比优化改进前提高20%以上。LPS经过酸水解、柱层析纯化获得目标O-SP,福氏2 a痢疾杆菌和宋内氏痢疾杆菌O-SP的得率分别为20%和28%。检测结果证明,LPS和O-SP各项指标均符合规程(草案)相关要求。实验为今后痢疾结合疫苗大规模制备工艺的改进和提高打下了基础。     

BALB/c小鼠子宫内膜异位症痛经模型的建立

目的建立近交系BALB/c小鼠子宫内膜异位症痛经模型。方法采用自体移植法将小鼠自体子宫组织块移植到腹膜,复制子宫内膜异位症模型,将术后的小鼠随机分为4组,手术+雌激素+缩宫素组、手术+雌激素组、手术+缩宫素组、手术组,并设假手术组和雌激素+缩宫素组,术后1~12 d采用不同方案诱发小鼠扭体反应,记录扭体潜伏期及扭体次数,并取异位灶行HE染色和病理组织学观察,筛选建立内异症痛经模型的最佳方案。结果除假手术组、雌激素+缩宫素组外,各组小鼠移植物均生长良好,镜下可见子宫内膜腺体及间质细胞,证实内异症造模成功,与手术+缩宫素组、手术组相比,手术+雌激素+缩宫素组、手术+雌激素组移植物体积明显增大,差异有显著性(P0.01);手术+雌激素+缩宫素组扭体发生率100%,雌激素+缩宫素组扭体发生率80%,手术+缩宫素组扭体发生率50%,其余组未出现扭体反应,组间差异有显著性(P0.01);与手术+缩宫素组、雌激素+缩宫素组相比,手术+雌激素+缩宫素组扭体潜伏期明显缩短(P0.01,P0.05),扭体次数明显增多(P0.01,P0.05),差异有显著性。结论手术+雌激素+缩宫素组为建立内异症痛经模型的最佳方案,方法简单易行,可用于内异症痛经发病机制及药物治疗研究。     

PML-RARA-targeted DNA vaccine induces protective immunity in a mouse model of leukemia

Despite improved molecular characterization of malignancies and development of targeted therapies, acute leukemia is not curable and few patients survive more than 10 years after diagnosis. Recently, combinations of different therapeutic strategies (based on mechanisms of apoptosis, differentiation and cytotoxicity) have significantly increased survival. To further improve outcome, we studied the potential efficacy of boosting the patient's immune response using specific immunotherapy. In an animal model of acute promyelocytic leukemia, we developed a DNA-based vaccine by fusing the human promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor-alpha (PML-RARA) oncogene to tetanus fragment C (FrC) sequences. We show for the first time that a DNA vaccine specifically targeted to an oncoprotein can have a pronounced effect on survival, both alone and when combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). The survival advantage is concomitant with time-dependent antibody production and an increase in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). We also show that ATRA therapy on its own triggers an immune response in this model. When DNA vaccination and conventional ATRA therapy are combined, they induce protective immune responses against leukemia progression in mice and may provide a new approach to improve clinical outcome in human leukemia.     

Construction of a trivalent candidate vaccine against Shigella species with DNA recombination

In this work asd gene of Shigella flexneri 2a strain T32 was replaced by Vibrio cholerae toxin B subunit (ctxB) gene with DNA recombination in vivo and in vitro. The resulting derivative of T32, designed as FWL01, could stably express CtxB, but its growth in LB medium depended on the presence of diaminopimelic acid (DAP). Then form I plasmid of Shigella sonnei strain S7 was labeled with strain T32 asd gene and mobilized into FWL01. Thus a trivalent candidate oral vaccine strain, designed as FSW01, was constructed. In this candidate strain, a balanced-lethal system was constituted between the host strain and the form I plasmid expressing S, sonnei O antigen. Therefore the candidate strain can express stably not only its own O antigen but also CtxB and O antigen of S. sonnei in the absence of any antibiotic. Experiments showed that FSW01 did not invade HeLa cells or cause keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs. However, rabbits immunized FSW01 can elicit significant immune responses. In mice and rhesus monkey     

小鼠心肌纤维化模型的制备及其胶原沉积的机制

目的 建立缺血性心肌纤维化小鼠模型并探讨其胶原沉积机制.方法 将BALB/c小鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,每组10只.实验组予以腹部皮下注射异丙肾上腺素50 ms/kg,每天2次,连续10 d.对照组同法注射生理盐水.对比体表心电图,45 d后处死小鼠,天狼猩红染色观察心脏Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原纤维含量,荧光定量PCR检测心脏基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂一1(TIMP-1)基因表达,免疫组化染色分析心、肝、肾组织层粘连蛋白(LN)的表达.结果 实验组小鼠室性心律失常增多,心率加快(P<0.05);心脏胶原沉积较多,MMP-9、TIMP-1、LN表达上调(P<0.05),肝、肾组织LN无明显改变(P>0.05).结论 异丙肾上腺素能制备缺血性心肌纤维化小鼠模型,其机制与MMP-TIMP失衡有关.     

Construction of a trivalent candidate vaccine against Shigella species with DNA recombination

In this work asd gene of Shigella flexneri 2a strain T32 was replaced by Vibrio cholerae toxin B subunit (ctxB) gene with DNA recombination in vivo and in vitro. The resulting derivative of T32, designed as FWL01, could stably express CtxB, but its growth in LB medium depended on the presence of diaminopimelic acid (DAP). Then form I plasmid of Shigella sonnei strain S7 was labeled with strain T32 asd gene and mobilized into FWL01. Thus a trivalent candidate oral vaccine strain, designed as FSW01, was constructed. In this candidate strain, a balanced-lethal system was constituted between the host strain and the form I plasmid expressing S. sonnei O antigen. Therefore the candidate strain can express stably not only its own O antigen but also CtxB and O antigen of S. sonnei in the absence of any antibiotic. Experiments showed that FSW01 did not invade HeLa cells or cause keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs. However, rabbits immunized FSW01 can elicit significant immune responses. In mice and rhesus monkey models, vaccinated animals were protected against the challenges of wild S. flexneri 2a strain 2457T and S. sonnei strain S9.     

Live non-invasive Shigella dysenteriae 1 strain induces homologous protective immunity in a guinea pig colitis model

A non-invasive live transconjugant Shigella hybrid (LTSHΔstx) strain was constructed from a Shiga toxin gene deleted mutant of Shigella dysenteriae 1 by introducing a plasmid vector pPR1347 that carried a lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene (rfb and rfc) of Salmonella typhimurium. In guinea pigs, four successive oral administrations of LTSH Δstx showed complete protection against rectal challenge with wild type S. dysenteriae 1 strain. Exponential increase of the serum IgG and IgA titer against lipopolysaccharide of LTSH Δstx was observed during immunization, peaked on day 28 and remained at that level until day 35 after the initiation of the immunization. In intestinal lavage of the immunized animals, significant increase of IgA titer against lipopolysaccharide of LTSH Δstx was also observed. These data suggested that LTSH Δstx could be a useful candidate to induce protective immunity against S. dysenteriae 1 infection.     

Therapeutic effect of a TM4SF5-specific peptide vaccine against colon cancer in a mouse model

Molecular-targeted therapy has gained attention because of its high efficacy and weak side effects. Previously, we confirmed that transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5 protein (TM4SF5) can serve as a molecular target to prevent or treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We recently extended the application of the peptide vaccine, composed of CpG-DNA, liposome complex, and TM4SF5 peptide, to prevent colon cancer in a mouse model. Here, we first implanted mice with mouse colon cancer cells and then checked therapeutic effects of the vaccine against tumor growth. Immunization with the peptide vaccine resulted in robust production of TM4SF5-specific antibodies, alleviated tumor growth, and reduced survival rate of the tumor-bearing mice. We also found that serum levels of VEGF were markedly reduced in the mice immunized with the peptide vaccine. Therefore, we suggest that the TM4SF5-specific peptide vaccine has a therapeutic effect against colon cancer in a mouse model. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(4): 215-220]     

小鼠Lewis肺癌原位模型的建立

目的利用Matrigel与Lewis制备细胞混悬液注射于小鼠左肺内,建立小鼠Lewis肺癌原位模型,评价其肿瘤生长情况、转移情况,以期建立更稳定、更接近于人肺癌生长情况的小鼠肺癌原位模型。方法将处于对数生长期的Lewis肺癌细胞混悬于Matrigel中,接种于C57BL/6近交系小鼠左肺内。分别于第4、7、10、13、16天各处死5只小鼠,观察其局部成瘤率、肿瘤生长情况、中位生存期及肿瘤转移情况,并对各阶段小鼠行肺部,肝脏,肾脏,脾脏病理切片检查。结果术后第7天解剖的5只小鼠中,3只小鼠肺上可见小的瘤结节形成,其余2只肺上未见肉眼成瘤,行病理HE染色检查在显微镜下可见2只小鼠肺脏有小的瘤结节形成。术后第10天以后处死的所有小鼠肺上均有肉眼成瘤,术后第13天,所有小鼠肺原位成瘤并伴有血性胸腔积液、胸腔内转移。术后第25天,有1只小鼠出现上述转移的同时还出现了心包膜转移及肾脏远处转移。5只小鼠生存期分别为17 d、20 d、22 d、22 d、25 d,小鼠中位生存期为21.2 d（17~25 d）。成瘤率100%。结论利用Matrigel法成功建立小鼠Lewis肺癌原位模型,稳定性好,成瘤率高,并具有远处转移的特性,更接近于人肺癌的发生、发展过程。