狂犬病病毒Vero细胞适应株的建立及其应用于疫苗生产的可行性探讨

将狂犬病病毒７ａＧ固定毒适应于Ｖｅｒｏ细胞,建立了稳定的ＶＲＧ适应株。病毒滴度可达７．６９ｌｏｇＬＤ５０／ｍｌ,病毒最适增殖时间５—７天,最适种毒比例１：１０￣３。应用转瓶培养Ｖｅｒｏ细胞增殖病毒,收获病毒液经β—丙内脂灭活,超离浓缩制备疫苗,效力试验结果（ＮＩＨ法）较原制疫苗成倍增高,且都大于２．５ＩＵ／２ｍｌ,表明ＶＲＧ适应株可应用于制备Ｖｅｒｏ细胞狂犬病疫苗。     

培养条件对狂犬病毒宿主细胞质量的影响

在原代地鼠肾细胞组织培养的狂犬病疫苗 (ＰＨＫＣＶ)工业化生产中 ,组织培养细胞的质量 (细胞是否贴壁 ,贴壁时间长短 ,细胞形态的保持 ,细胞老化的快慢 )以及数量 (细胞贴壁的多少 ,细胞脱落程度等 )是ＰＨＫＣＶ各步生产的基础 ,是疫苗效力的决定因素[1] 。本文对消化液中胰蛋白酶浓度、培养液小牛血清质量、维持液的成分与细胞质量的关系进行了观察和比较。现将实验报告如下。1　材料与方法1 1　材料1 1 1　培养材料 :37℃恒温 ,转瓶式培养的原代地鼠肾细胞 ,采用自繁自养 2周龄 ( 1 2日～ 1 4日龄 ) ,体重 1 2～ 1 4ｇ健康仔鼠肾…     

防治和根除狂犬病的新途径

灭活的完整狂犬病毒(RV)颗粒是最安全和最有效的抗原,适合用作狂犬病的免疫治疗;灭活RV疫苗,例如HDCV疫苗,仍然是金标准。但是若干种正在研究的实验性疫苗(如以G蛋白为基础的DNA和重组疫苗),也有可能替代灭活病毒。为了达到可与金标准疫苗相当的效力,在这些新型疫苗中的G蛋白必须以与在完整病毒颗粒中相似的方式出现,即是锚定在膜上并有很高的密度。     

AIDS疫苗在录长类动物模型中的发展

ＡＩＤＳ病是ＨＩＶ感染引起的一种世界性的严重病毒病。发展一个安全、高效的疫苗将是最终控制ＨＩＶ蔓延的方法。目前对ＡＩＤＳ疫苗的研究主要集中在全病毒灭活疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗、亚单位疫苗和多肽疫苗、减毒活疫苗、活载体疫苗和核酸疫苗等。在检验新型ＡＩＤＳ疫苗策略方面,非人灵长类动物模型能较好地反映ＨＩＶ感染人体过程,有很重要的价值。现在主要有三种非人类模型：ＨＩＶ－１感染的大猩猩、ＨＩＶ－２感染的恒河猴;ＳＩＶ感染的恒河猴及ＳＨＩＶ感染的恒河猴。本文就ＡＩＤＳ疫苗在灵长类动物模型中的最新发展作一综述。     

评价肺炎支原体疫苗效力的仓鼠攻击试验

<正> 在1964-1976年间,许多实验室研制了一系列的福尔马林灭活的肺炎支原体疫苗并进行了效力试验。有些疫苗是在众多的部队新兵中进行了现场试验,有些则给少数志愿受试者接种,然后用强毒株进行攻击试验。利用接种过疫苗者中支原体肺炎自然发病率的降低和感染过支原体人群中病情的减轻来进行评价,结果表明,这些疫苗的保护效力是很低的。当将疫苗加入明矾佐剂增强其抗原性或简单地增加疫苗剂量时,能提高用     

进口、国产人用狂犬病疫苗免疫后中和抗体水平测定

应用间接免疫荧光法（ＩＦＡ）检测１６６例不同产地（国产、进口）人用狂犬病疫苗免后血清抗体水平,结果：国产苗抗体阳转率为９５．４２％,ＧＭＴ为９．４８,进口苗抗体阳转率为６２．８５％,ＧＭＴ为４．３５。经统计学处理,二者差异有非常显著性意义（Ｘ２＝２８．６１Ｐ＜０．００５）,初步提示了国产的（浓缩）原代地鼠肾组织培养狂犬病疫苗比某进口ＶＥＲＯ细胞狂犬病疫苗免疫效果要好,是一种高效、安全、价格便宜的预防狂犬病免疫制品     

纯化乙型脑炎疫苗的研制

将乙脑P3毒株接种地鼠肾细胞,制备病毒原液,经灭活、浓缩、层析纯化后收集抗原,再经除菌、配制,制备乙脑纯化疫苗。结果表明：病毒浓缩液经纯化后,杂蛋白去除率大于99％,牛血清蛋白残留量也明显降低;纯化疫苗主要指标检定均达到预期效果;效力试验结果显示当纯化原液蛋白含量稀释至15μg/ml时,疫苗效力符合要求。     

一种新型原代地鼠肾细胞（PHKC）精制狂犬病疫苗的实验室质量评估

本文通过对一种新型疫苗－ＰＨＫＣ精制狂犬病疫苗的全面实验室检定并与法国Ｖｅｒｏ细胞狂犬病疫苗比较,认为该疫苗安全性良好,纯度较高,与法国Ｖｅｒｏ细胞狂犬病疫苗具有相同的免疫效果。     

呼吸道合胞病毒感染的免疫病理和疫苗的研究概况

人呼吸道合胞病毒（ＲＳＶ）是引起婴幼儿严重下呼吸道感染的主要病原,到目前为止,对其致病机理还不完全清楚,还没有安全有效的疫苗来进行预防接种。本文概述了ＲＳＶ感染的病理生理与免疫之间的关系,详细介绍了ＲＳＶ疫苗的发展情况,尤其是活疫苗的发展前景。     

伪狂犬病病毒Fa株胸苷激酶基因缺失株的构建

采用外切除缺失法对已克隆于ｐＢＲ３２２中包含伪狂犬病病毒（ＰＲＶ）胸苷激酶（ＴＫ）基因的ＢａｍＨＩ－１１片段（ｐＰＢ１１）进行改建,经筛选获得４株ＴＫ基因缺失重组质粒（ｐＤＴＫ３－１．ｐＤＴＫ３－６,ｐｄＴＫ３－８和ｐＤＴＫ５－６）对其进行酶切鉴定和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ转印杂交,结果其１１片段迁移率均发生改变,缺失的碱基数分别约１２５０,１１００,１２５０和２００ｂｐ,用ＰＲＶＦａ－ＤＮＡ或ＰＲＶＦａ     

Rolling round bottle culture of HmLu-1 cells and the production of bovine ephemeral fever virus.

An attempt was made to cultivate HmLu-1 cells in a rolling round bottle. As a result, the optimum conditions of cultivation were found to consist in the number of cells transplanted per bottle being 1 X 10(8), the volume of growth medium per bottle being 250 ml, and the velocity of rolling being 6 revolutions per hour. It was possible to make a monolayer of cells develop all over the glass surface under these conditions. A preliminary experiment was carried out to clarify the production of virus in the tube culture. In it, the highest virus titer was obtained two days after inoculation of a 4-day-old culture with a 1:100 dilution of stock virus. On the other hand, when the 4-day-old culture cells in the rolling round bottle were inoculated with virus suspension and when 100, 500, or 800 ml of maintenance medium was added to each bottle, there was little difference in virus titer obtained among the culture bottles. Then the virus yield per cell was compared between the rolling round bottle culture method and the stationary square bottle culture method. The highest virus titer was reached two days after virus inoculation, regardless of the culture method. The virus yield was 1.9 times as high in the rolling method as in the stationary method. From the results mentioned above, it was clarified that the rolling round bottle culture method made it possible to obtain a large amount of bovine ephemeral fever virus at a high titer in a labor-saving manner.     

牛肾细胞在两种不同载体中培养效果的比较

目的通过牛肾细胞在两种不同载体中培养效果的比较,为牛肾细胞在细胞工厂中规模化生产提供真实的、有力的支持。方法不同代次牛肾细胞在两种载体中经过相同培养条件进行培养。结果实验中原代牛肾细胞在细胞工厂接种密度为5.5×104/cm2左右,在15 L转瓶接种密度为9.0×104/cm2左右。一代牛肾细胞在细胞工厂接种密度为6.5×104/cm2左右,在15 L转瓶接种密度为10×104/cm2左右。二代牛肾细胞在细胞工厂接种密度为7.0×104/cm2左右,在15 L转瓶接种密度为14×104/cm2左右。两种载体中牛肾细胞生长状况均能达到培养要求。结论细胞工厂能在有限的空间内利用最大限度的培养表面培养牛肾细胞,不仅节约了传代前的细胞用量,而且提高了培养后的细胞产量。     

Mouse Embryonic Development in a Serum-free Whole Embryo Culture System

Mid-gestation stage mouse embryos were cultured utilizing a serum-free culture medium prepared from commercially available stem cell media supplements in an oxygenated rolling bottle culture system. Mouse embryos at E10.5 were carefully isolated from the uterus with intact yolk sac and in a process involving precise surgical maneuver the embryos were gently exteriorized from the yolk sac while maintaining the vascular continuity of the embryo with the yolk sac. Compared to embryos prepared with intact yolk sac or with the yolk sac removed, these embryos exhibited superior survival rate and developmental progression when cultured under similar conditions. We show that these mouse embryos, when cultured in a defined medium in an atmosphere of 95% O₂ / 5% CO₂ in a rolling bottle culture apparatus at 37 °​C for 16-40 hr, exhibit morphological growth and development comparable to the embryos developing in utero. We believe this method will be useful for investigators needing to utilize whole embryo culture to study signaling interactions important in embryonic organogenesis.     

Surface Attachment Induced Production of Antimicrobial Compounds by Marine Epiphytic Bacteria Using Modified Roller Bottle Cultivation

A modified roller bottle culture method elicited the production of antimicrobial compounds from 2 epibiotic marine bacterial strains, EI-34-6 and II-111-5, isolated from the surface of the marine alga Palmaria palmata. These isolates, tentatively identified as Bacillus species, were grown as a biofilm on the surface of nutrient glycerol ferric agar (NGFA) and marine Columbia glycerol agar (MCGA) on the inside of a rolling bottle. The biofilm was shown to be stable, and the cells were difficult to remove from the agar surface. The culture supernatant exhibited a different antibiotic spectrum when the strains were grown using the agar roller bottle method compared with shake flask cultures or nonagar roller bottle cultures. These results suggest that biofilm formation is an important factor in the production of antimicrobial compounds by these 2 strains, and roller bottle cultivation also allowed production of these compounds to be increased. The methodology used here has the potential to allow increased production of useful secondary metabolites such as antibiotics from marine epibiotic bacteria.     

Multisurface Glass Roller Bottle for Growth of Animal Cells in Culture

A multisurface glass roller bottle has been constructed for the growth of animal cells in culture. This bottle contains five concentrically placed glass cylinders that provide additional surfaces for the growth of animal cells. The bottle occupies the same space as a standard roller bottle, but it contains nine times the surface area of a standard bottle. L and HeLa cells can be grown in the bottle with cell yields 5- to 10-fold greater than in a standard bottle. L cells can be induced to produce interferon in the multisurface bottle.     

Tenascin Supports Lymphocyte Rolling

Tenascin is a large extracellular matrix molecule expressed at specific sites in the adult, including immune system tissues such as the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and T cell areas of lymph nodes. Tenascin has been reported to have both adhesive and anti-adhesive effects in static assays. We report here that tenascin supports the tethering and rolling of lymphocytes and lymphoblastic cell lines under flow conditions. Binding was calcium dependent and was not inhibited by treatment of lymphocytes with O-glycoprotease or a panel of glycosidases including neuraminidase and heparitinase but was inhibited by treatment of cells with proteinase K. Binding was to the fibrinogen-like terminal domain of tenascin as determined by antibody blocking studies and binding to recombinant tenascin proteins. When compared to rolling of the same cell type on E-selectin, rolling on tenascin was found to be smoother at all shear stresses tested, suggesting that cells formed a larger number of bonds on the tenascin substrate than on the E-selectin substrate. When protein plating densities were adjusted to give similar profiles of cell detachment under increasing shears, the density of tenascin was 8.5-fold greater than that of E-selectin. Binding to tenascin was not dependent on any molecules previously identified as tenascin receptors and is likely to involve a novel tenascin receptor on lymphocytes. We postulate that the ability of tenascin to support lymphocyte rolling may reflect its ability to support cell migration and that this interaction may be used by lymphocytes migrating through secondary lymphoid organs.     

胸腔感染与一次性水封瓶更换时间长短的临床意义

目的探讨胸腔感染与一次性水封瓶更换时间长短的临床意义。方法对196例行胸腔闭式引剃且排除胸腔感染者使用随机数字表分为4组,即每天更换水封瓶（A组）、每3天更换（B组）、每周更换（C组）、超变1周用至拔管（D组）,追踪监测一次性水封瓶内生理盐水和胸腔引流液作细菌培养,有细菌生长则对该病例停止亩验;同时对196例患者的胸腔内胸液或胸腔引流管前端2cm进行细菌培养,最后进行统计学分析。结果一次世水封瓶生理盐水的细菌培养均为阴性,4组水封瓶中胸腔引流液的细菌培养结果阳性共13例,共检出细菌8种,才封瓶内引流液中细菌出现最早的为A组中第4次（即第4天）更换,出现最迟的为C组中第2次（即第14天）更换各组比较差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）;对196例患者的胸腔内胸液或胸腔引流管前端2cm进行细菌培养,其结果例与一次性水封瓶内胸腔引流液相一致,1例与一次性水封瓶内胸腔引流液不一致,余194例无细菌生长。结论一次性水封瓶的更换时间与胸腔感染无直接关系;水封瓶更换时间与水封瓶内细菌定植无明显相关性,在严格无菌操作下,对于胸腔引流管留置时间较长的患者,一次性水封瓶以每周更换一次较为合适。     

牛肠激酶催化亚基工程菌培养条件的探索与鉴定

目的:探索牛肠激酶催化亚基工程菌高效表达的培养条件。方法:牛肠激酶催化亚基基因的初步表达,筛选构建工程菌,从以下方面入手优化培养条件:培养基的组成、摇瓶发酵培养条件、培养基的PH、种龄、接种量、培养时间等,并且通过Western Blotting和SDS-PAGE等鉴定不同条件下的实验结果,从而确定最佳培养条件。结果:通过鉴定实验结果,从不同种平行培养条件中选择产量最高的培养条件,作为最优培养条件。结论:成功地探索并鉴定了工程菌的适宜培养条件。     

Do light/dark cycles of medium frequency enhance phytoplankton productivity?

It has been suggested that turbulence with the resultant light/dark cycle and light gradient through which phytoplankton move, enhances their productivity. The stationary bottle incubation technique for estimating rates of primary productivity has mainly been criticized because of bottle effects, the elimination of natural turbulence and the presence of photo-inhibition. In a series of experiments where productivity was measured over static profiles and compared to the productivity in a mixed system, no definite conclusion could be reached regarding the effect of varying light/dark cycles of medium frequency (seconds to minutes). It appeared as though the ratio of the euphotic depth to mixing depth (Z _eu/Z _m) influenced productivity more than the duration of the light/dark cycle. The static bottle incubation method gave higher integral productivities than the mixed samples at low ratio's ofZ _eu/Z _m. It is suggested that mixing has two separate, but synergistic effects i.e. it not only moves the phytoplankton cells through a light/dark cycle, but also decreases the boundary layer, which increases the rate of exchange through the cell wall of nutrients and metabolites. In doing so more nutrients are available and light could be utilized more efficiently and therefore, productivity is increased.     

牛肠激酶催化亚基工程菌培养条件的探索与鉴定

目的：探索牛肠激酶催化亚基工程菌高效表达的培养条件。方法：牛肠激酶催化亚基基因的初步表达,筛选构建工程菌,从以下方面入手优化培养条件：培养基的组成、摇瓶发酵培养条件、培养基的PH、种龄、接种量、培养时间等,并且通过Western Blotting和SDS-PAGE等鉴定不同条件下的实验结果,从而确定最佳培养条件。结果：通过鉴定实验结果,从不同种平行培养条件中选择产量最高的培养条件,作为最优培养条件。结论：成功地探索并鉴定了工程菌的适宜培养条件。