SARS病毒与其他冠状病毒的基因组比较

本文利用生物信息学方法比较SARS病毒和其他冠状病毒基因组。通过数据库搜索,找出与SARS病毒基因组相似的核酸或蛋白质序列,并对相似序列进行比对,分析它们的共性和差异。结果表明,SARS病毒在基因组的组织上及结构蛋白质方面与现有冠状病毒有比较大的相似性,SARS病毒基因组与冠状病毒基因组相关。但是,SARS病毒基因组还存在一些特异性序列,ORF1a和S蛋白(特别是S1)的变化以及SARS—CoV特异性的非结构蛋白可能是SARS发病机理与传染特性区别于其他冠状病毒的分子基础。在全基因组水平上进行核酸单词出现频率分析,结果表明,SARS病毒远离已知的其他冠状病毒,单独成为一类。     

SARS及其病原体研究进展

严重急性呼吸道综合症(SARS)的病原体己被认定为一种新的冠状病毒-SARS冠状病毒。关于SARS冠状病毒的基因组和蛋白组研究也已取得重要进展,这为探索SARS病毒的来源与进化、研制SARS诊断试剂、开发SARS疫苗和治疗药物奠定了坚实基础。本文对严重急性呼吸道综合症病原学研究取得的一些进展进行了综述。     

SARS病原体特征与临床实验室诊断

SARS的全球性流行带来了严重的公共卫生问题和社会经济问题。目前,在SARS病原体鉴定、基因组结构和序列变异、SARS流行特征和实验室诊断等方面获得了很大的进展。现已证实SARS的病原体为SARS冠状病毒。SARS冠状病毒是一种与原来已知冠状病毒在某些方面类似、但又独具特征的新型冠状病毒,该病毒的起源可能源于野生动物。多个SARS冠状病毒的全基因组核酸序列测定现已完成,在SARS冠状病毒的实验室诊断方面,现已有了免疫学方法检查抗体和分子生物学方法检查病毒RNA。直接检测病毒抗原和定量检测病毒多靶点基因是今后的发展方向。     

抗SARS药物设计的靶点--冠状病毒主蛋白酶

严重急性呼吸综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome,SARS)由SARS冠状病毒(SARS—CoV)感染所引起。SARS—CoV主蛋白酶(M^pro)在冠状病毒复制及转录过程中起重要作用,因而成为直接抗SARS病毒药物设计的一个颇为诱人的靶标。SARS—CoVM^pro的三维结构的阐明、酶与抑制剂间结合方式的确认,为发现直接作用于M^pro的抗SARS药物设计提供了基础。     

特异性鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白（IgY）抗SARS-CoV作用的研究

制备了抗SARS CoVIgY ,探讨了该IgY中和SARS CoV的作用。灭活的SARS CoV免疫产蛋母鸡 ,水稀释法提取IgY。建立ELISA检测IgY结合SARS CoV的效价 ,采用病毒中和试验测定IgY的抗SARS CoV的作用。灭活SARS CoV免疫的母鸡可产生高效价的抗SARS CoVIgY ,该IgY中和SARS CoV的中和效价为 1∶5 12。因此 ,抗SARS CoVIgY可用于预防SARS CoV的感染及阻止SARS病毒的传播。     

冠状病毒与SARS

最近在世界部分地区流行的非典型肺炎是病毒引起的严重急性呼吸综合征,它是由一种新的冠状病毒引起的,这种病毒被称为SARS病毒。结合SARS病毒对冠状病毒的研究现状进行了简单概括,并概述了SARS的流行特点和可能的发病机理。     

SARS动物模型的研究

利用分离的SARS CoV毒株BJ 0 1,经滴鼻等途径感染大鼠、豚鼠、黑线仓鼠、白化仓鼠和雏鸡等 5个种属的动物 ,筛选对SARS易感的小动物。在此基础上 ,选择食蟹猴和恒河猴进行SARS的人工感染实验 ,评价其作为SARS动物模型的可能性。结果表明 ,大鼠、豚鼠、黑线仓鼠、白化仓鼠和雏鸡等动物对SARS均不易感 ,感染后未观察到任何的临床及病理学改变 ,不过从感染 2周后的大鼠和豚鼠的肺和咽等组织样本中检测到了的特异的核酸 ,提示SARS CoV能够在这两种动物的体内复制。从感染猴子的分泌物和脏器中分离出了病毒 ,证明SARS CoV也能够在猴子体内复制。临床和病理组织学检查结果显示 ,SARS病毒接种食蟹猴和恒河猴后 ,可以引起所有实验猴发生间质性肺炎 ,其病理学改变与人类感染SARS病毒后肺部病变近似 ,但病变的严重程度比较人类的轻得多 ,除此之外无任何其它的明显的临床表现及组织病理学改变 ,按照动物模型的指标判断食蟹猴和恒河猴并不是SARS的理想动物模型 ,不过在目前尚没有更理想的动物模型情况下 ,以间质性肺炎为病理学检查指标 ,恒河猴和食蟹猴可以作为评价抗SARS药物和疫苗的模型动物     

药物所研究人员发现可同时治疗SARS和感冒的双效天然产物

日前,中国科学院上海生命科学研究院药物研究所和新加坡理工学院的研究人员通过合作,成功找到一种天然产物,可以和SARS冠状病毒及感冒病毒中负责病毒复制和传播的蛋白酶强烈结合,导致该蛋白酶的功能丧失,从而阻断SARS病毒和感冒病毒在人体细胞内的进一步复制与传播,达到预防或治疗SARS和感冒的目的。     

SARS病毒与其他冠状病毒的基因组比较

本文利用生物信息学方法比较SARS病毒和其他冠状病毒基因组.通过数据库搜索,找出与SARS病毒基因组相似的核酸或蛋白质序列,并对相似序列进行比对,分析它们的共性和差异.结果表明,SARS病毒在基因组的组织上及结构蛋白质方面与现有冠状病毒有比较大的相似性,SARS病毒基因组与冠状病毒基因组相关.但是,SARS病毒基因组还存在一些特异性序列,ORF1a和S蛋白(特别是S1)的变化以及SARS-CoV特异性的非结构蛋白可能是SARS发病机理与传染特性区别于其他冠状病毒的分子基础.在全基因组水平上进行核酸单词出现频率分析,结果表明,SARS病毒远离已知的其他冠状病毒,单独成为一类.     

SARS病毒:非典型肺炎相关病毒

SARS是目前在世界范围内流行的严重呼吸系统疾病。SARS病毒是有包膜的正链RNA病毒,属冠状病毒科,为新近分离鉴定的该疾病相关病原体。初步预测该病毒的复制周期与其他冠状病毒类似,但其细胞膜受体结合蛋白S的S1区、M跨膜糖蛋白等部分则存在较大的变异,可能是该病毒发生宿主改变的原因之一。此外,对SARS病毒的检测、临床诊断等方面也取得了一定的进展。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.