人造血管内皮化旋转培养装置的设计及制作

人造血管内皮化研究需在人造血管内壁均匀粘附上一层内皮细胞。以往静态培养,细胞难以在其内壁均匀粘附生长,效果不理想。我们设计了一种内皮化人造血管旋转培养装置,很好地解决了上述问题。该装置体积小,整体可以放入二氧化碳培养箱,因而可维持细胞的生长环境不受影响。装置由三个部分组成:①旋转驱动器(蠕动泵)。②人造血管内皮细胞     

旋转的瓦形磁铁治疗仪在外科的临床应用

我们使用武汉大学生物医学物理研究室和北京远东831新技术研究所共同研制的旋转瓦形磁铁治疗仪(即ZY-MT-1型旋磁场治疗仪)。它的特点是,将三块瓦形磁铁安放在一个圆柱体侧面     

球孢白僵菌固态罐发酵产孢培养的研究

建立了一套两升圆柱体玻璃发酵罐的固态通风培养装置及通风系统。以球孢白僵菌Bb371为生产菌,培养基220g(82％麸皮 4．5％黄豆粉 4．5％玉米粉 9％稻壳)作为生产原料,接种30ml,23℃培养温度下,分阶段调节通风量和空气湿度,培养5d,产孢量可达到116亿／g干培养基。     

模拟微重力条件下大鼠肝细胞三维培养支架材料的筛选(简报)

组织工程是一门新兴的边缘学科,它是利用体外培养的人体功能细胞与适当的细胞外基质或支架材料相结合,然后将其移植到体内病损部位以期达到修复目的。微重力组织工程(Microgravity Tis-sue Engineering)是近年来由美国空间生物技术研究人员开创的一个独特研究领域,其核心技术是建立微重力条件下哺乳动物细胞三维(Three Dimen-sion)培养体系。利用外壁转动生物反应器(RotatingWall Vessel Bioreactor,RWVB)模拟微重力培养环境,减少培养液对细胞产生的机械剪切力,增加细胞营养的补充,加速代谢产物的排除,因此可以大大改善离体细胞的培养条件,使在普通重力培养条件下只能二维贴壁生长的哺乳动物细胞表现出三维增殖与分化,这类分化的细胞团可进一步形成有功能的     

用AOT测试仪校正AOT快速换片机的方法

快速连续摄影装置是心血管造影术中不可缺少的精密设备,该装置的种类很多,AOT就是其中之一。AOT在国内应用比较普遍,应用率约占各种快速连续摄影装置的首位,有些单位已使用了较长一段时间,大家比较熟悉,因此对它的详细结构和工作原理就不再——介绍。本文着重介绍AOT与X线机曝光时间的配合和校正方法。由于各国生产的X线机型号不一,即使同一厂家由于年代不同所生产的X线机的结构也有差异,控制曝光的计时器各不相同,所以从AOT发出曝光指令(旋转阳极启动器延时0.8～1.0秒除外)到实际产生X射线有一段延时(无意义的时间),     

银星秋海棠无性系通过离体两步培养的快速繁殖

银星秋海棠(Begonia argenteo-guttata)是一种多年生草本花卉,通常用扦插繁殖。秋海棠属(Begonia)植物的一些种的组织培养已有一些报道,但几乎都是在固体培养基上进行的试验。本文简要介绍银星秋海棠在离体培养中,用固体培养和液体旋转培养的两步培养法进行无性系的快速繁殖。     

小鼠杂交瘤细胞在双口滚动培养瓶中的生长及抗体分泌

研制了一种新的滚动式细胞培养装置(rolling culture system)和双口滚动瓶(double-mouthed roller).利用分泌抗人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)单克隆抗体的小鼠杂交瘤细胞作为检验材料,对培养在双口滚动培养装置及常规T形瓶中的细胞生长和单抗分泌进行了比较.在滚动培养装置中(转速2～10 r/min)培养的细胞生长和抗体分泌皆增加30%以上.不同浓度的血清对细胞生长和抗体产量有一定影响,含5%血清的培养液中生长的杂交瘤细胞单抗产量最高;添加少量明胶可增加细胞生长和抗体产量.     

绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂与猪胰蛋白酶复合物分子在四方和三方两种不同晶体中的取向关系

用Crowther的快速旋转函数研究了绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(MBI)-猪胰蛋白酶(PTRY)复合物的四方晶体和三方晶体中胰蛋白酶分子的取向关系,并得出了它们之间的旋转矩阵。此旋转矩阵能和从胰蛋白酶模型分子为出发点在四方和三方晶体中所求得的胰蛋白酶分子的取向相互印证。此结果将促进绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂与胰蛋白酶的复合物立体结构及它们在不同晶形中的差异的研究。     

流感病毒在Vero细胞上的增殖

目的研究流感病毒在非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero细胞)上高效增殖的最适条件。方法将Vero细胞在50cm2细胞瓶或3000mL旋转瓶中培养成单层,以不同感染复数接种流感病毒,在不同的培养条件下孵育,取上清测病毒血凝滴度。结果当加入胰酶终浓度为40μg·mL-1时,低感染复数接种流感病毒,可获得高效价病毒液,在3000mL旋转培养瓶中流感病毒的易感性较在50cm2静置培养瓶中略高。结论建立了流感病毒在Vero细胞上高效增殖的初步方法。     

一种新的体外细胞牵张刺激装置

体外细胞机械刺激装置是研究细胞对机械牵张反应的一种研究设备。目前此类装置有多种,但是这些装置都存在一些不便之处。本文以商品化的Flexercell Strain Unit刺激装置为参照,设计一套离心力牵张装置。通过使贴壁细胞生长的培养板以一定的速度旋转,从而使心肌细胞受到固定大小的离心力的牵张作用。酶解分离3～5d SD大鼠心肌细胞,并分别给予12和24h机械刺激:传统的20%牵张刺激和180r/min的离心力刺激。以~3H-亮氨酸掺入量反映细胞的肥大指标,并测定牵张引起的血管紧张素Ⅱ的自分泌。同对照组相比,~3H-亮氨酸掺入在离心力牵张组显著升高[(1295.17±51.19)vs(1122.67± 51.63)in 12h;(1447.5±35.96)vs(1210.67±90.92)in 24h,P<0.05]。AngⅡ在离心力牵张组均比同期末牵张组均明显升高,12h为128%(P<0.05)和24h为139%(P<0.01)。经24h的牵张,培养液中乳酸脱氢酶活性在膜牵张组显著高于离心力牵张组[(14.5±8.7)U/Lvs (7.8±4.3)U/L,P<0.05]。新型改进的机械牵张装置能够有效刺激心肌细胞蛋白合成增加和AngⅡ的分泌增加,与FlexercellStrain Unit相比,离心力牵张装置对细胞的损害较轻微。     

模拟微重力环境对昆明小鼠早期胚胎体外发育的影响（简报）

In order to investigate the development of Kunming mouse preimplantation embryos cultured in vitro under simulated microgravtiy, one-cell and 4-cell embryos of Kunming mouse (Fertilization In Situ) were cultured in CZB or KSOM media under simulated microgravity or normal gravity environment respectively. The results showed that under normal gravity, the percentage of passing 2-cell development block embryos was not different in CZB with in KSOM, but the percentage of blastocysts was lower in CZB than that in KSOM significantly. The percentages of passing 2-cell development block embryos and blastocysts in CZB or KSOM were lower under simulated microgravity than those under normal gravity. It is suggested that the frequency of early embryonic lethality is possibly increased by simulated microgravity.     

昆明小鼠原核胚在不同培养液中的体外发育

目的优化昆明小鼠原核胚胎体外培养系统,提高胚胎发育率.方法小鼠经超排获得原核期胚胎,制备小鼠输卵管上皮共培养系统,使用M16、CZB和KSOM培养液进行体外培养,并对体内和体外发育的囊胚细胞计数.结果在KSOM和CZB中添加胎牛血清能显著提高胚胎囊胚发育率(14.71%对85.71%;6.45%对10.81%);输卵管上皮共培养可以提高胚胎的卵裂率和囊胚发育率,同时提高胚胎质量和同步发育,小鼠胚胎在KSOMFBS中囊胚发育率达85.19%,显著高于CZB和M16.结论在小鼠输卵管上皮共培养条件下,KSOMFBS能够很好支持昆明小鼠原核期胚胎体外发育.     

Differential growth, cell proliferation, and apoptosis of mouse embryo in various culture media and in coculture

Sequential culture and coculture are two methods of improving the development of preimplantation embryos in vitro. Direct comparison of the efficiency of these methods is limited. Proliferation and apoptosis determine the total number of blastomere in preimplantation embryo, which is a sensitive parameter for evaluation of the development of embryo in vitro. In this study, we compared the proliferation and apoptosis of mouse embryo in different culture media, including CZB, KSOM, MTF, G1.2/G2.2 sequential culture media, and in human oviductal cell coculture. Sequential culture using G1.2/G2.2 was superior to KSOM, MTF, and CZB/CZB + G with respect to the formation of 3-4 cell embryos, morula, and blastocyst. G1.2/G2.2 cultured blastocyst had significantly more proliferating blastomeres and higher total cell number per blastocyst than those cultured in KSOM or CZB/CZB + G. Compared to embryos cultured in G1.2/G2.2, embryos cocultured in G1.2/G2.2 hatched more frequently. Cocultured blastocysts also had significantly higher percentage of proliferating cell and lower percentage of apoptotic cell per blastocyst than those cultured in G1.2/G2.2. It was concluded that G1.2/G2.2 facilitated the proliferation of blastomere whilst human oviductal cell coculture suppressed apoptosis in addition to stimulating proliferation of blastomere.     

Nuclear-cytoplasmic "tug of war" during cloning: effects of somatic cell nuclei on culture medium preferences of preimplantation cloned mouse embryos

Cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer is critically dependent upon early events that occur immediately after nuclear transfer, and possibly additional events that occur in the cleaving embryo. Embryo culture conditions have not been optimized for cloned embryos, and the effects of culture conditions on these early events and the successful initiation of clonal development have not been examined. To evaluate the possible effect of culture conditions on early cloned embryo development, we have compared a number of different culture media, either singly or in sequential combinations, for their ability to support preimplantation development of clones produced using cumulus cell nuclei. We find that glucose is beneficial during the 1-cell stage when CZB medium is employed. We also find that potassium simplex optimized medium (KSOM), which is optimized to support efficient early cleavage divisions in mouse embryos, does not support development during the 1-cell or 2-cell stages in the cloned embryos as well as other media. Glucose-supplemented CZB medium (CZB-G) supports initial development to the 2-cell stage very well, but does not support later cleavage stages as well as Whittten medium or KSOM. Culturing cloned embryos either entirely in Whitten medium or initially in Whittens medium and then changing to KSOM at the late 4-cell/early 8-cell stage produces consistent production of blastocysts at a greater frequency than using CZB-G medium alone. The combination of Whitten medium followed by KSOM resulted in an increased number of cells per blastocyst. Because normal embryos do not require glucose during the early cleavage stages and develop efficiently in all of the media employed, these results reveal unusual culture medium requirements that are indicative of altered physiology and metabolism in the cloned embryos. The relevance of this to understanding the kinetics and mechanisms of nuclear reprogramming and to the eventual improvement of the overall success in cloning is discussed.     

昆明白小鼠1细胞胚胎体外培养系统的研究

研究发现在有或者没有磷酸盐的条件下,葡萄糖均抑制昆明白小鼠ｌ－４细胞期胚胎的体外发 育。在不含葡萄糖和磷酸盐的ＨＥＣＭ－ｌ中,桑椹率为４０．０５％（７４／１６８）,而对照Ｇ－ＨＥＣＭ－１仅为 ８．１４％（７／８６）;不含葡萄糖含有磷酸盐的ＣＺＢ中,桑椹率为６７．１１％（９３／１５２）,而对照ＴＡＬＰ仅 ６· ６７％（６／９０）。用不含葡萄糖而含有１． ０ｍｍｏ１／Ｌ谷氨酸肢和０． １１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＥＤＴＡ的ＣＺＢ液,与兔输 卵管上皮单层培养细胞（ＲＯＥＣ）协同培养小鼠１细胞胚,７３．３３％（１１０／１５０）胚胎发育至桑椹胚, 但没有观察到囊胚形成、用上述ＣＺＨＲＯＥＣ系统培养小鼠１细胞胚４８小时（３－４细胞）,再移入 ＴＣＭ１９９＋１０％ＦＣＳ＋ＲＯＥＣ系统,有７６．７４％（６７／８６）胚胎发育至桑椹胚,９６／小时后,４０．７０％ （３５／８６）发育至囊胚。     

An improved culture medium supports development of random-bred 1-cell mouse embryos in vitro

One-cell CF-1 x B6SJLF1/J embryos, which usually exhibit a 2-cell block to development in vitro, have been cultured to the blastocyst stage using CZB medium and a glucose washing procedure. CZB medium is a further modification of modified BMOC-2 containing an increased lactate/pyruvate ratio of 116, 1 mM-glutamine and 0.1 mM-EDTA but lacking glucose. Continuous culture of one-cell embryos in CZB medium allowed 83% of embryos to develop beyond the 2-cell stage of which 63% were morulae at 72 h of culture, but blastocysts did not develop. However, washing embryos into CZB medium containing glucose after 48 h of culture (3-4-cell stage) was sufficient to allow development to proceed, with 48% of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage by 96 h of culture. Exposure of embryos to glucose was only necessary from the 3-4-cell stage through the early morula stage since washing back into medium CZB without glucose at 72 h of culture still promoted the development of 50% of embryos to the blastocyst stage. The presence of glucose in this medium for the first 48 h of culture (1-cell to 4-cell stage) was detrimental to embryo development. Glutamine, however, exerted a beneficial effect on embryo development from the 1-cell to the 4-cell stage although its presence was not required for development to proceed during the final 48 h of culture. Blastocysts which developed under optimum conditions contained an average of 33.7 total cells. The in-vitro development of 1-cell embryos beyond the 2-cell stage in response to the removal of glucose and the addition of glutamine to the culture medium suggests that glucose may block some essential metabolic process, and that glutamine may be a preferred energy substrate during early development for these mouse embryos.     

克服昆明小鼠体外受精卵发育阻滞方法的研究

本研究应用CZB和WM培养液进行昆明小鼠体外受精胚胎的发育培养,建立了一个可行的胚胎体外培养的新方法,并通过改变培养液的成分及其含量,对胚胎发育的阻滞机理和突破方法进行了初步的探索。培养于WM中的受精卵发生阻滞,有48％停留于2细胞阶段;而CZB中的胚胎有81％发育为桑椹胚和囊胚。在WM中添加EDTA和谷氨酰胺得到了66％的囊胚;加大WM中乳酸钠和丙酮酸钠的比值未能克服发育的阻滞现象。实验结果表明,EDTA和谷氨酰胺在克服阻滞时具有协同作用。     

M16添加硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶Ⅱ无法克服昆明小鼠早胚体外发育2-细胞阻滞

目的观察硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶Ⅱ(Peroxiredoxin Ⅱ,PrxII)是否可以克服昆明(Kunming)小鼠早胚体外发育2-细胞阻滞。方法取昆明小鼠1-细胞胚置于含PrxII蛋白的M16培养液中培养,观察PrxII对昆明小鼠早胚发育潜能和2-细胞胚内活性氧自由基(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平的影响;同时比较昆明和B6C3F1小鼠1-细胞胚在M16中各自的发育情况;激光扫描共聚焦显微镜分别检测比较昆明与B6C3F1小鼠体外培养2-细胞胚内ROS水平以及昆明小鼠体外培养与体内发育2-细胞胚内ROS水平。结果M16培养液中添加PrxII蛋白(1nmol/L和100nMol/L)可以明显降低昆明小鼠体外培养2-细胞胚内ROS水平(P<0.05),但不能克服昆明小鼠体外发育2-细胞阻滞;昆明小鼠1-细胞胚在M16中培养存在2-细胞阻滞现象,而B6C3F1小鼠无2-细胞阻滞现象;昆明小鼠体外培养2-细胞胚内ROS水平显著低于体内发育2-细胞胚(P<0.05),亦略低于B6C3F1小鼠体外培养2-细胞胚内ROS水平(P>0.05)。结论M16培养液中添加PrxII可以明显降低2-细胞胚...     

Development of 1-cell embryos from different strains of mice in CZB medium

One-cell embryos from several different strains of mice have been cultured to the blastocyst stage in CZB medium. CZB medium can be used to culture CF1 x B6SJLF1/J 1-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage provided glucose is introduced into the medium on Day 3 of culture. The amount of glucose required for embryo development was titrated using a concentration range of 5.5 to 49.5 mM. With the exception of the highest concentration, all glucose levels tested supported 65-85% development to the morula and blastocyst stages. Variations of CZB medium were tested for their ability to support the development of 1-cell embryos from 4 strains of mice. For embryos from CF1 and DBA/2J (both x B6SJLF1/J) mice, which exhibit a "2-cell block" to development in vitro, CZB medium containing glutamine with the addition of glucose on Day 3 supported optimum development from the 1-cell stage to morula and blastocysts (79% and 87%). For embryos from B6D2F1/J and CD1 female mice (both x B6SJLF1/J males), which do not exhibit a "2-cell block" to in vitro development, optimum development to morula and blastocyst stages (95% and 50%) was in CZB medium containing both glutamine and glucose from the start of culture.