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1.
已经测定的昆虫线粒体基因组中, 直翅目草螽亚科的疑钩额螽Ruspolia dubia线粒体控制区长度最短, 仅70 bp。为此, 本研究采用L-PCR结合二次PCR扩增策略对另一种草螽亚科昆虫斑翅草螽Conocephalus maculates线粒体基因组序列进行了测定。序列注释发现: 斑翅草螽线粒体基因组序列全长15 898 bp, A+T含量为72.05%, 基因排列与典型的节肢动物线粒体基因组一致。全部蛋白质编码基因以典型的ATN作为起始密码子, 9个蛋白质编码基因具有完整的终止密码子, 其余4个以不完整的T作为终止信号。除trnSAGN外, 其余21个tRNAs均可折叠形成典型的三叶草结构, 依照Steinberg等(1997)线粒体特殊tRNA结构类型-9, trnSAGN的DHU臂形成一个7 nt环, 反密码子臂则长达9 bp, 含1个突起碱基, 而不是正常的5 bp。斑翅草螽与其他直翅目昆虫线粒体基因组的主要区别在于, 在trnSUCN和nad1, nad1和trnLCUN基因间各存在一段罕见的、大段的基因间隔序列, 长度分别为78 bp和360 bp。其中, 位于nad1和trnLCUN之间的基因间隔序列N链可形成一个包含完整起始、终止密码子(ATT/TAA)、编码103个氨基酸的未知开放阅读框。同义密码子使用偏好与线粒体基因组编码的tRNA反密码子匹配情况无关, 但与密码子第3位点的碱基组成紧密相关; 相对密码子使用频率(relative synonymous codon usage, RSCU)大于1的密码子, 其第3位点全部是A或T。在已经测定的直翅目昆虫线粒体基因组tRNAs中, 均存在一定数量的碱基错配, 且以G-U弱配对为主, 表明G-U配对在线粒体基因组中可能是一种正常的碱基配对形式。本研究测定的斑翅草螽线粒体基因组序列, 和先前已经测定的直翅目线粒体基因组序列一起, 可以为重建直翅目的进化历史提供数据资源。  相似文献   

2.
红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)是中国特有珍稀鸟类,仅见于中国中部和西部的山地,为国家二级重点保护动物.采用聚合酶链式反应和直接测序的方法测定了采自湖南新宁县和龙山县的28只红腹锦鸡线粒体DNA控制区序列.在获得的1 123 bp的碱基序列中,碱基含量为T 32.79%、C 26.07%、A 26.62%和G14.52%,共检测出20个多态性核苷酸变异位点,其中简约信息位点11个.对比其它已报导的雉类控制区结构,对红腹锦鸡控制区结构进行了分析,识别了其高变Ⅰ区、中间保守Ⅱ区和保守Ⅲ区,找到了与终止相关的序列TAS以及保守序列(F、E、D、C).28个样本共发现11种单倍型,其中单倍型hap1和hap2的比例很高.新宁种群的遗传多样性比龙山种群的高,两个种群存在基因流较频繁,未出现明显遗传分化.  相似文献   

3.
扬子鳄饲养种群线粒体DNA控制区的序列多态性   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13  
扬子鳄(Alligator sinensis)是中国特有的珍稀爬行动物,至2000年,野生扬子鳄的个体数已不足150条,作为保护这一物种的措施之一,先后于80年代初建起了2个养殖场,现人工繁殖的扬子鳄总数已达9000余条。为揭示扬子鳄种群遗传多样性,从两个饲养种群中采集了42个个体的样品,其中宣州样品33个(xZSP),长兴样品9个(CxSP),用PCR方法扩增mtDNA控制区,扩增产物纯化后直接用ABI310全自动遗传分析仪荧光标记测序,得到其中39个个体的血DNA控制区5’端462bP的序列。经比对发现,39个个体间的5’端mtDNA控制区没有任何变异位点,共享一种单元型,提示扬子鳄饲养种群的遗传多样性非常贫乏,造成这一结果的主要原因是近50年来,扬子鳄种群衰退和数量迅速减少导致的遗传多样性丢失,其次是人工繁殖的群体同时受到始创者数量较少产生的瓶颈效应影响。针对扬子鳄遗传多样性的现状,作者最后就这一濒危动物遗传多样性的保护对策提出3点建议。  相似文献   

4.
白鱼线粒体DNA控制区结构和种群遗传多样性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用特异性引物对白鱼(Anabarilius grahami)DNA进行PCR扩增,获得了白鱼线粒体DNA控制区基因全序列(930bp)。控制区T、C、A和G碱基组成为29.8%、22.5%、33.0%和14.7%。对照其他已报道的鱼类控制区结构,对白鱼控制区结构进行了分析,识别了其终止序列区、中央保守区和保守序列区,找到了终止相关的序列TAS以及保守序列(CSB-F、CSB-D、CSB-1、CSB-2、CSB-3)。同时运用DNA分析软件对白鱼一个驯养种群(中国科学院昆明动物研究所珍稀鱼类繁育中心)及两个自然地理种群(江川县明星鱼洞、江川县牛摩村)进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示:两个自然种群存在较强基因交流,未出现遗传分化;人工驯养种群遗传多样性最高,种群复壮程度较好。  相似文献   

5.
用特异性引物对白鱼(Anabarilius grahami)DNA进行PCR扩增,获得了白鱼线粒体DNA控制区基因全序列(930 bp)。控制区T、C、A和G碱基组成为29.8%、22.5%、33.0%和14.7%。对照其他已报道的鱼类控制区结构,对白鱼控制区结构进行了分析,识别了其终止序列区、中央保守区和保守序列区,找到了终止相关的序列TAS以及保守序列(CSB-F、CSB-D、CSB-1、CSB-2、CSB-3)。同时运用DNA分析软件对白鱼一个驯养种群(中国科学院昆明动物研究所珍稀鱼类繁育中心)及两个自然地理种群(江川县明星鱼洞、江川县牛摩村)进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示:两个自然种群存在较强基因交流,未出现遗传分化;人工驯养种群遗传多样性最高,种群复壮程度较好。  相似文献   

6.
鱼类线粒体DNA研究新进展   总被引:84,自引:0,他引:84  
郭新红  刘少军  刘巧  刘筠 《遗传学报》2004,31(9):983-1000
线粒体DNA是分子生物学研究中的一个热门领域,已成为鱼类进化生物学和群体遗传学研究的重要分子遗传标记。本文对鱼类线粒体DNA分子生物学的最新研究进展进行了较详细的阐述。重点介绍鱼类线粒体DNA全序列的研究进展、组成及特征,鱼类线粒体DNA非编码区结构研究进展,鱼类线粒体DNA多态性及其主要的检测方法;综述了最近有关鱼类线粒体DNA在鱼类系统学、种间杂交渐渗、种群识别、起源和进化、地理分化等研究中的应用情况。  相似文献   

7.
小熊猫种群遗传结构和地理分化   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
本文采用分子系统地理学的研究方法 ,对我国小熊猫 (Ailurusfulgens)地理分布格局的形成原因进行了探讨。我们从四个地理单元的 32号样品中成功地扩增出了 371bp的线粒体DNA控制区片段 ,在所有可比较的 35 7bp的序列中 ,发现 2 9个变异位点 ,其中转换和颠换分别为 2 1和 8,没有插入 /缺失。在四个地理单元中 ,共有 16种线粒体DNA单倍型 ,且在各地理单元中都具有较高的单倍型的多态性。进一步分析表明 ,各单倍型之间的遗传距离平均为 1 6 0 % ,76 5 9%的遗传差异发生在地理单元间 ,仅 2 3 4 1%发生在单元内。分子变异分析和系统重建结果也表明 ,各地理单元之间不存在共享的单倍型 ,YN (云南地理单元 )与XL (相岭地理单元 )和QL (邛崃地理单元 )之间存在着显著的遗传分化 ,FST分别为 0 336和 0 35 1(P <0 0 0 1) ,其余地理种群之间分化不明显 (P >0 0 5 ) ,单倍型缺乏比较明显的地理分布格局 ,各地理单元中的单倍型相互散布在不同的分布群中。经Fs检验 (Fs=- 10 12 1) ,并结合化石资料 ,我们认为由于受第四纪气候和环境变化的影响 ,小熊猫种群在进化过程中曾经历种群暴发而不断扩散 ,从而形成今天的分布格局。  相似文献   

8.
对多曲缺翅螽Anelytra multicurvata Shi et Qiu,2009与扁尾缺翅螽Anelytra compressa Shiet Qiu,2009的雌性首次进行了描述,并附有特征图与照片.多曲缺翅螽雌性较雄性稍大;前胸背板后缘微凹,侧片腹缘稍弯曲,肩凹明显;前翅短,后缘到达后胸背板基部;第10腹节背板...  相似文献   

9.
暗褐蝈螽不同地理种群间的遗传分化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Zhou ZJ  Zhang YX  Chang YL  Yang MR 《遗传》2011,33(1):75-80
利用线粒体COI基因片段研究了我国吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北和四川的暗褐蝈螽(Gampsocleis sedakovii)12个地理种群间的遗传分化。结果表明: 36条626 bp的mtDNA-COI基因片段中共检测到单倍型29种, 多态位点71个, 其中简约信号位点37个, 单一多态位点34个。分子变异等级分析(AMOVA)的计算结果显示, 群体内变异仅占总变异的37.23%, 明显小于群体间变异, Fst值为0.62770, 各群体间呈现明显的遗传分化。最大简约法(MP)系统发育分析结果显示, 暗褐蝈螽的12个地理种群以极高的自举支持度(100%)聚类, 形成两个独立的分枝。由于两个分枝的聚类结果与基于形态学特征划分的两个亚种(Gampsocleis sedakovii sedakovii和Gampsocleis sedakovii obscura)并不对应。综合采集地的生境, 初步推测暗褐蝈螽两个亚种间的形态学差异可能是由于它们所处生境不同所引起。在12个地理种群中, 只有内蒙古通辽(NTL)的个体在两个分枝中均有出现。单倍型分布格局研究发现, 单倍型H10是内蒙古通辽(NTL)、鄂温克(NEWK)和吉林吉林(JJL)3个地理种群的共享单倍型, 说明它们来自于共同的祖先。研究结果支持我国的东北地区是暗褐蝈螽遗传分化中心的观点, 但不支持基于形态学特征划分的两个亚种。  相似文献   

10.
对云南4个种群38个个体的线粒体控制区(D-loop)905 bp的核苷酸序列遗传变异进行分析,探讨了高山姬鼠种群遗传结构和分化。在905 bp D-loop基因的碱基序列中,共发现了57个变异位点(全变异的6.30%),共定义了23个单倍型,其中有一个单倍型(Hap1)为横断山3个种群(中甸、丽江和剑川)所共享,其余22个单倍型均为各个种群所特有。分子变异分析(AMOVA)表明,种群间的遗传变异占33.7%,种群内的遗传变异占66.3%。FST统计结果表明,除昆明种群和横断山种群之间差异显著(P〈0.05),其它地理种群间的差异均不显著(P〉0.05),说明昆明种群与横断山种群之间出现了明显的遗传分化。  相似文献   

11.
The mitochondrial DNA control region of Siniperca chuatsi, S. kneri, S. scherzeri, S. obscura, S. undulata, Coreosiniperca roulei and Coreoperca whiteheadi were amplified by PCR amplification and directly sequenced. The mtDNA control region of the sinipercine fishes could be separated into three domains, namely, the terminal associated sequence domain, the central conserved sequence domain and the conserved sequence block domain. The extended terminal associated sequence (ETAS), three conserved sequence blocks (CSB-F, CSB-E, CSB-D) in the central conserved sequence domain and three conserved sequence blocks (CSB1, CSB2, CSB3) in the conserved sequence block domain were also identified. The phylogenetic relationships among these sinipercine fishes were constructed through neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods using Percidae and Serranidae as outgroups. Results showed that sinipercine fishes were a monophyletic group, with Siniperca forming one group, and Coreoperca forming another group. Coreosiniperca roulei did not form an independent group but was merged into the genus Siniperca. Thus it should be renamed as Siniperca roulei.  相似文献   

12.
鳜类鱼类的线粒体DNA控制区结构及其系统发育分析   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
鳜类为低等鲈形目鱼类,是东亚特有类群。然而,关于其系统位置、分类以及一些物种的有效性等尚有争议。采用PCR扩增直接测序的方法,获得了鳜、大眼鳜、斑鳜、暗鳜、波纹鳜、长体鳜、中国少鳞鳜线粒体DNA控制区基因的序列。对比其他已报道鱼类控制区的结构识别序列,对鳜类鱼类控制区的结构进行了分析,识别了终止序列区、中央保守区和保守序列区,并找到了DNA复制终止相关的序列ETAS和中央保守区的保守序列CSB-F、CSB-E、CSB-D以及保守序列区的保守序列CSB1、CSB2、CSB3。几种鳜鱼间共有191个变异位点,其中,终止序列区的变异最高,占总变异的61.3%,中央保守区和保守序列区占总变异的38.7%。这一结果可为全面了解鱼类线粒体DNA控制区的结构特征提供资料。同时,利用高度变异的控制区序列,以鲈科和错科作为外群,使用邻接法和最大简约法构建了这几种鳜鱼的系统发育树。结果表明:鳜类为一单系类群,鳜、大眼鳜、斑鳜、暗鳜、波纹鳜、长体鳜构成一支鳜鱼群,其中,鳜与大眼鳜为姐妹种;中国少鳞鳜为另一支少鳞鳜群;长体鳜未单独成一支,而是聚入鳜鱼群内,应更名为Siniperca roulei。研究结果支持将现生鳜类分为两个类群的观点。  相似文献   

13.
    
Larval dispersal may have an important effect on genetic structure of benthic fishes. To examine the population genetic structure of spottedtail goby Synechogobius ommaturus, a 478 base pair (bp) fragment of the hypervariable portion of the mtDNA control region was sequenced and used to interpret life‐history characteristics and larval dispersal strategy. Individuals (n = 186) from 10 locations on the coasts of China and Korea were analysed and 44 haplotypes were obtained. The levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversity were higher in East China Sea populations than in other populations. Both the phylogenetic tree and the minimum spanning tree showed that no significant genealogical structures corresponding to sampling locations existed. AMOVA and pair‐wise FST revealed significant genetic differentiation between populations from Korea and China. A significant isolation by distance pattern was observed in this species (r = 0·53, P < 0·001). Both mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests showed S. ommaturus to have experienced a recent population expansion. These results suggest that the Pleistocene ice ages had a major effect on the phylogeographic pattern of S. ommaturus, that larvae might avoid offshore dispersal and that dispersal of larvae may maintain a migration–drift equilibrium.  相似文献   

14.
江西井冈山地区灰胸竹鸡的遗传多样性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
灰胸竹鸡Bambusicola thoracica是我国特有鸟类.本文采用聚合链式反应和直接测序的方法测定井冈山地区灰胸竹鸡3个种群线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区1142 bp的序列,分析其序列变异和种群遗传多样性.30个样本共发现16个变异位点和10种单倍型,其中hapl广泛分布,占所分析样本的23.33%,是其祖先单倍型.3个种群的平均单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.815和0.00243.青原区种群与其它两个种群遗传分化显著,基因交流受限制.受隔离影响,青原区种群遗传多样性最低.在系统发生树上,10种单倍型形成两支,井冈山种群和永新县种群聚在一起,与其地理位置相一致.  相似文献   

15.
    
The Golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, is one of the world's 100 worst invasive alien species that is best known for its damage to wetland agriculture. It also acts as an intermediate host of some zoonotic parasites such as Angiostrongylus cantonensis, posing threats to human public health and safety. Despite is being an important agricultural pest, the genetic information and population expansion history of this snail remains poorly understood in China. In this study, we analyzed the genetic variation and population genetics of P. canaliculata populations in seven regions of China based on molecular markers of three mitochondrial (mt) genes. A total of 15 haplotypes were recognized based on single mt cox1, nad1, and nad4, and eight haplotypes were identified using the concatenated genes. High haplotype diversity, moderate nucleotide diversity, low gene flow, and high rates of gene differentiation among the seven P. canaliculata populations were detected. Shanghai and Yunnan populations showed higher genetic flow and very low genetic differentiation. The results of Tajima's D, Fu's Fs, and mismatch distribution showed that P. canaliculata did not experience population expansion in China. Genetic distance based on haplotypes suggested that nad1 gene was more conserved than cox1 gene within P. canaliculata. The phylogenetic analyses showed there may be two geographical lineages in the Chinese mainland. The present study may provide a new genetic marker to analyze P. canaliculata, and results support more evidence for studying the genetic distribution of P. canaliculata in China and contribute to a deeper understanding of its population genetics and evolutionary biology.  相似文献   

16.
    
We evaluated genetic introgression from domesticated pigs into the Ryukyu wild boar (RWB) population on Iriomote Island based on their genetic structure and diversity. We used a combination of mitochondrial DNA D‐loop region (596 bp) polymorphisms and 23 microsatellite markers. RWBs (= 130) were collected from 18 locations on Iriomote Island and compared with 66 reference samples of European and Asian domestic pigs. We identified six distinct haplotypes, involving 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (including one insertion) in the RWB population. The phylogenetic tree had two branches: the RWB group and domestic lineage. Fourteen of 130 RWBs (10.8%) belonged to the European domestic lineage, including 11 RWBs from the Panari Islands, northwest of Iriomote Main Island (IMI). The heterozygosity values, total number of alleles, number of effective alleles and polymorphism information content of the RWB groups were lower than those of the European domestic groups. The RWB population on IMI had a lower heterozygous deficiency index (FIS = 0.059) than did the other populations, which indicates that this population was more inbred. There was a large genetic distance (FST = 0.560) between RWBs on IMI and the Meishan populations. Structure analysis using the 23 microsatellite markers revealed that 16 RWBs had an admixture pattern between RWB and domesticated pig breeds. These results suggest that gene flow may have occurred from domestic pigs to RWBs and demonstrate that there was low genetic variation in the IMI population.  相似文献   

17.
Forest musk deer ( Moschus berezovskii ) were once distributed widely in China. However, wild populations have declined dramatically because of poaching and habitat loss. Captive breeding populations have been established for several decades, but the genetic backgrounds of most captive populations were unclear and the population sizes increased very slowly. To provide useful information for conservation and management of this species, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of forest musk deer by analysing a 582-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) in three captive breeding populations in Sichuan Province, China. Ninety-four variable sites and 27 haplotypes were observed in 109 individuals, and the nucleotide and haplotype diversities were relatively high compared with those of other endangered mammals. Of the three investigated populations, the Maerkang population had the highest nucleotide diversity ( π  = 0.0568), haplotype diversity ( h  =   0.836) and average intra-population genetic distance (0.062). The analysis of molecular variance demonstrated that most variation occurred within samples and that there was significant differentiation of the three populations. Estimates of gene flow indicated that there were few genetic exchanges among the three populations. Building pedigree records and increasing gene flow between populations will be helpful for conserving these populations and this species.  相似文献   

18.
于长春  谢力  张小雷  周慧  朱泓 《遗传》2007,29(10):1223-1229
对7例东汉时期拓跋鲜卑遗存的线粒体DNA进行了遗传学分析。结合已发表的匈奴数据, 在遗传多态性、单倍型组分布状态、Fst遗传距离、系统发育分析和多维度分析等方面, 比较分析了拓跋鲜卑和匈奴的遗传关系。结果表明, 拓跋鲜卑和匈奴之间有着较近的遗传关系, 暗示拓跋鲜卑在其两次南迁过程中与匈奴发生基因交流的情况是存在的。  相似文献   

19.
Li FB  Gui JF 《Animal genetics》2008,39(1):28-33
To conserve and utilize the genetic pool of gynogenetic gibel carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ), the Fangzheng and Qihe stock hatcheries have been established in China. However, little information is available on the amount of genetic variation within and between these populations. In this study, clonal diversity in 101 fish from these two stock hatcheries and 35 fish from two other hatcheries in Wuhan and Pengze respectively was analysed for variation in serum transferrin. Thirteen clones were found in Fangzheng and Qihe, of which 12 were novel. Six clones were specific to Fangzheng and three specific to Qihe, whereas four were shared among the Fangzheng and Qihe fish. To obtain more knowledge on genetic diversity and genealogical relationships within gibel carp, the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (∼920 bp) was sequenced in 64 individuals representing all 14 clones identified in the four hatcheries. Differences in the mtDNA sequences varied remarkably among hatcheries, with the Fangzheng and Qihe lines demonstrating high diversity and Wuhan and Pengze showing no variation. The Fangzheng and Qihe lines might represent two distinct matrilineal sources. One of the Qihe samples carried the haplotype shared by a most widely cultivated Fangzheng clone, indicating that a Fangzheng clone escaped from cultivated ponds and moved into the Qihe hatchery. Four Fangzheng samples clustered within the lineage formed mainly by Qihe samples, most likely reflecting historical gene flow from Qihe to Fangzheng. It is suggested that clones in Wuhan originated from Fangzheng, consistent with their introduction history, supporting the hypothesis that gibel carp in Pengze were domesticated from individuals in the Fangzheng hatchery.  相似文献   

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