玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、血清生化指标及肝脏组织学的影响

为探讨玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea) 幼鱼生长、血清生化指标及肝脏组织形态的影响, 进行了为期56d的养殖试验, 探索玉米蛋白粉替代大黄鱼幼鱼饲料鱼粉的适当比例。以初始体重为(10.49±0.03) g的大黄鱼幼鱼为研究对象, 用玉米蛋白粉替代基础饲料(含40%鱼粉)0、15%、30%、45%、60%和75%的鱼粉来配制6种等氮(粗蛋白含量45%)等脂(粗脂肪含量10%)的实验饲料, 分别标记为C0、C15、C30、C45、C60、C75组。除C0以外的替代组分别添加了适量的晶体氨基酸(赖氨酸和蛋氨酸)。结果表明, 玉米蛋白粉替代水平对大黄鱼幼鱼存活率、试验鱼特定生长率、饲料系数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。C45和C60组肌肉粗蛋白含量显著高于C0组(P<0.05), 肌肉粗脂肪含量C45组显著高于C0、C15和C75组 (P<0.05), C45、C60和C75组肌肉水分显著低于C0组(P<0.05), 全鱼粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分含量无显著差异(P>0.05); 灰分含量有上升趋势, C75组显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。各替代组的血清白蛋白、白球比、谷草转氨酶、葡萄糖均无显著性差异(P>0.05); 随着替代比例的升高, 总胆固醇有降低的趋势, 除C15组与C0无显著性差异外(P>0.05), 4组均显著低于CO组(P<0.05); 实验探讨替代后对鱼的影响, C75组血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著低于C0组(P<0.05); C75组血清谷草转氨酶含量显著高于C0(P<0.05)。各处理组总抗氧化能力、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶均没有显著性影响(P>0.05), 但替代组总抗氧化能力含量均高于C0; 丙二醛在C75组显著高于C0组(P<0.05)。通过肝组织学观察表明, 当替代比例高于45%时, 呈现肝细胞核偏位、胞浆内脂肪滴较多、细胞透明空泡化等症状。综上所述, 在实验条件下, 研究认为玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼幼鱼的适宜添加量为45%。     

家兔脑室和脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射5-羟色胺降低动脉血压

本工作将5-羟色胺(5-HT)注入戊巴比妥钠麻醉的家兔侧脑室或脊髓蛛网膜下腔,观察其对心血管活动的影响。结果表明(1)脑室注射100μg 5-HT 有轻度降压作用。(2)脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射100μg 5-HT 可使血压下降29.5±3.4mmHg,作用持续1小时以上。(3)预先由脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射100μg 5-HT 受体阻断剂肉桂硫胺,可防止5-HT 降压作用出现。在注射5-HT 基础上给予肉桂硫胺可使已下降的血压回升。(4)上述实验中均无明显心率改变。(5)给失血性休克家兔脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射100μg 肉桂硫胺可使血压显著回升。实验结果表明:脊髓中5-HT 水平升高可通过激活5-HT 受体引起血压下降。     

THE PROTEIN ASSOCIATED WITH HEMOLYSIN IN RABBIT SERUM AND PLASMA

1. The water-insoluble globulin with which hemolysin is associated, may be separated from immune serum or plasma by dilution and simple dialysis at optimal pH. 2. This optimum in plasma is influenced by the presence of the fibrinogen. 3. Fibrinogen carries no immune body, or only an insignificant amount; when present in immune body solutions in other form than fibrin gel, it depresses the hemolytic activity. The conditions for the formation of fibrin gel are similar to those for the formation of a gel by banana protein. 4. The hemolytic activity is a more labile property of the immune protein than the agglutinating activity; hemolysin is destroyed, hemagglutinin shows an apparent increase, as a result of alcohol extraction.     

INHIBITION OF DNA SYNTHESIS IN CHICK EMBRYO CULTURES BY DEPRIVATION OF EITHER SERUM OR ZINC

The rate of DNA synthesis in cultures of chick embryo cells is proportional to the concentration of serum added. The concentration of serum required to stimulate DNA synthesis increases with cell population density and with the duration of culture after trypsinization. The increase of the serum requirement with population density is not caused by the depletion of serum constituents. The requirement of cells for external zinc in DNA synthesis also increases with population density and duration of culture. The kinetics of inhibition of DNA synthesis by deprivation of serum or zinc are similar. Serum deprivation, however, inhibits 2-deoxyglucose uptake and cell movement, but zinc deprivation does not. The deprivation of either serum or zinc inhibits RNA synthesis about twofold. Very low concentrations of actinomycin D prevent the resumption of RNA and DNA synthesis upon restoration of serum or zinc to deprived cultures.     

在出血性或内毒素性休克家兔侧脑室内注射纳洛酮、酚妥拉明或肉桂硫胺的升压作用

本实验观察到家兔出血性或内毒素性休克所致的低血压能被侧脑室内注入纳洛酮,酚妥拉明或肉桂硫胺逆转。同时还观察到上述阻断剂中任何两种结合使用,其作用强度同单独使用相同,但血压逆转时间及达到峰值时间明显缩短。     

兔后肢缺血诱导侧支血管生长过程中巨噬细胞浸润的变化

目的检测兔侧支血管生长过程中各时期巨噬细胞的浸润情况;方法单侧结扎兔后肢股动脉,随后将股动脉结扎的远侧端连到相邻的静脉上造成动静脉短路,另侧为对照组,分别存活2d,1周,2周,4周后处死,用特异性的巨噬细胞抗体(RAM11)免疫荧光组织化学结合共聚焦技术检测侧支血管壁内巨噬细胞的数目及其分布;结果在正常血管,其外膜有少量巨噬细胞的存在,股动脉结扎后2d,侧支血管外膜巨噬细胞的数目增加,并黏附至内皮细胞,结扎1周后,侧支血管外膜巨噬细胞的数目显著增加,中膜有巨噬细胞的浸润,结扎2周后,侧支血管外膜巨噬细胞的数目减少,但仍高于正常血管,结扎4周后,侧支血管巨噬细胞的数目明显减少,跟正常血管情况类似,统计学分析结果表明,在结扎后2d、一周、二周和四周不同的时间,巨噬细胞在侧支血管的分布差异具有显著性;结论侧支血管发育过程中巨噬细胞的浸润和侧支血管的形成密切相关,提示巨噬细胞参与了侧支血管的生长发育。     

交联生长激素对家兔生长的影响

在猪、牛、羊和兔,每天注射30～200μg生长激素/kg体重,一般可促进动物生长约10～20%.然而,由于生长激素价格较高,在实际生产中也不可能每日注射,因此要通过生长内分泌调节途径来促进家畜生长,还需研究其它可在生产中应用的方法.     

饲料中不同含量豆粕对乌苏里拟鲿生长、体成分及表观消化率的影响

以初始体重(0.500.00) g的乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)稚鱼为试验对象, 在室内进行为期8周的摄食生长实验, 研究饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白对乌苏里拟鲿生长、体成分及消化率的影响。以豆粕分别替代对照饲料(S0)中10%(S10)、20%(S20)、30%(S30)、40%(S40)、50%(S50)和60%(S60)的鱼粉蛋白, 另外,60%组添加0.3%蛋氨酸(SM60), 共配制8种等氮等能试验饲料。结果表明, 随着饲料中豆粕替代比例的增大,试验鱼的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均逐渐降低, 但10%40%替代组与对照组之间差异不显著(P0.05), S50和S60显著低于对照组(P0.05); 与S60组相比, SM60组增重率和特定生长率有所提高(P0.05),但显著低于0%40%替代组(P0.05); 饲料系数的变化规律与增重率的趋势正好相反; 当饲料中豆粕替代水平由0%增加到20%时, 乌苏里拟鲿的摄食率由3.22%提高到3.55%, 而后随着替代比例进一步增加, 摄食率逐渐降低, 但方差分析表明, 差异不显著。饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉对乌苏里拟鲿全鱼水分和灰分含量的影响不显著, 肌肉水分随着替代比例的升高而逐渐升高; 全鱼和肌肉粗蛋白含量随着替代比例的升高而逐渐降低, 其中, S60和SM60组显著低于其他组(P0.05); 随着替代比例的升高, 全鱼和肌肉粗脂肪呈现升高的趋势, S60和SM60组显著高于其他替代组(P0.05); 肥满度在各组间差异不显著(P0.05); 当豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白比例为60%时, 肝体比、脏体比指数显著高于其他组(P0.05), 而其他组间差异不显著(P0.05)。50%和60%替代组的蛋白质和干物质的表观消化率显著低于040%替代组(P0.05), 而040%替代组之间差异不显著(P0.05);随着豆粕替代比例由0升高到60%, 磷表观消化率由36.07% 升高到66.50%。在实验条件下, 豆粕替代乌苏里拟鲿饲料中40%鱼粉蛋白, 不会影响乌苏里拟鲿的生长和饲料利用, 而高比例替代对生长和鱼的健康有负面影响。     

安定,氟安定对刺激家兔中脑诱发升压反应的抑制作用

３２只家兔,用α－氯醛糖和氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉,肌肉麻醉行人工呼吸。观察安定或氟安定对刺激中脑导水管周围灰质背侧部所引起升压反应的影响。当静脉注射安定或氟安定注入侧脑室,使刺激中脑诱发的升压反应受抑,表面为收缩压增量和平均压增量减小。微量注射氟安定到双侧延髓腹外侧头端区,也出现升压反应受到抑制,降低△ＳＢＰ和△ＭＢＰ;而于双侧腹外端区微量注射相同剂量氟安定则无抑制作用。在ｒＶＬＭ用ＧＡＢＡＡ受体阻断剂     

LACK OF ENHANCEMENT OF DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE FORMATION IN RAT BRAIN AND RABBIT LUNG IN VIVO BY METHIONINE OR S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE

In vivo conversion of intracisternally administered [¹⁴C]tryptamine to [¹⁴C]N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine (DMT) in rat brain, even in the presence of an excess of substrate and methyl donor appeared to be insignificant, although enzymatically synthesized [¹⁴C]DMT was recovered readily after intracranial injection. Authenticity of [¹⁴C]DMT was demonstrated by cocrystallization with authentic DMT and oxalic acid to constant specific radioactivity after chromatographic separation of [¹⁴C]DMT. In rabbit lung, the apparent K_m for S-adenosylmcthionine (SAMe) (29 μM) with indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase was found to be close to endogenous levels of SAMe (34 μM) that are not likely to saturate the enzyme normally. Nevertheless. large doses of L-methioninc or SAMe failed to increase the in vivo conversion of [¹⁴C]N-methyltryptamine to [¹⁴C]DMT in this tissue. The production of [¹⁴]DMT was instead markedly irihihitrd by this treatment. possibly due to an effect of S-adeno-sylhomocysteine. Our results fail to support the hypothesis that psychotropic effects of methionine or SAMe are due to increased accumulations of pharmacologically active methylated indoleamines.     

家兔囊胚在饲养层上的生长行为

研究了家兔囊胚在饲养层上的生长行为。结果表明,滋养层细胞铺展后,形成一层透明的膜状结构。覆盖在内细胞团之上。内细胞团在４８小时后,可见到一定程度的增殖,第３天增殖速度加快。生长的内细胞团可呈团状、条状、网状和混合型四种形态。混合型内细胞团分化出现较早,呈团状、条状和网状生长的内细胞团分化较晚。团状内细胞团一般在原位生长,而呈条状和网状生长的内细胞团增殖很快并迅速扩展到各处。滋养层细胞覆盖于未分化的     

结核分枝杆菌中插入序列的研究

用人型复合分枝杆菌的特异插入序列IS6110和IS1081制 备探针,对5种限制性内切酶消化的结核分枝杆菌DNA进行杂交。结果表明,经PvuⅡ酶消化 的结核分枝杆菌DNA,用IS6110制备的探针进行杂交呈现高度多态性,说明IS6110对于人型 复合分枝杆菌分型研究和结核病流行病学研究具有很大价值。用IS6110制备的317bp探针对4 6株人结核分枝杆菌分离株多态性分析研究证实,这些菌株呈现高度DNA多态性,而且所含拷 贝数也极为不同,一般含7～18个拷贝。     

家兔缰核和导水管周围灰质内微量注射氯化钙拮抗电针和吗啡的镇痛作用

通过埋植套管向家兔双侧缰核或中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)注射 CaCl_2每侧15—20nmol,对痛阈并无显著影响,但可使电针镇痛和吗啡(2rag/kg)镇痛效果明显降低。注入上述核团附近脑区则无效。双侧缰核注射的作用大于单侧。PAG 内注射 CaCl_2对抗电针镇痛的作用大于其对抗吗啡镇痛的作用。ca~(2 )对抗吗啡和电针镇痛的结果提示,吗啡或电针(释放内啡素)使神经元内 Ca~(2 )水平降低可能是吗啡或电针镇痛的共同机理。     

CERAMIDE GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES IN CULTURED RAT CEREBELLUM: CHANGES WITH AGE, WITH DEMYELINATION, AND WITH INHIBITION OF MYELINATION BY 5-BROMO-2''-DEOXYURIDINE OR EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS SERUM

—UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGalT) (E.C. 2.4.1.62) and UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase (CGlcT) activities were measured in myelinating cultures of newborn rat cerebellum. Specific activities were measured at various days in vitro and the pattern of activities compared with that reported for in vivo tissue. Cultures demyelinated by incubation with media containing 22% serum from rabbits in which experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced by injection with whole guinea-pig spinal cord, had 28% of CGalT specific activity and 86% of CGlcT specific activity measured in control cultures. Cultures in which myelination was inhibited by maintenance on media containing 0.15 mm -5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BUdR) had 10% of CGalT specific activity and 118% of CGlcT specific activity of control cultures. Cultures in which myelination was inhibited by maintenance on media containing 2% EAE serum had 12% of the CGalT specific activity of control cultures. The data suggest that in vitro CGalT is predominantly a glial enzyme while CGlcT occurs primarily in neurons, and that the reduced CGalT activity may be involved in the mechanism of myelination inhibition by BUdR and by EAE serum.