不同浓度纳米二氧化钛对大型溞的繁殖及富集和自净能力的影响

为了弄清不同浓度条件下nTiO₂对大型溞(Daphnia magna)生长繁殖的影响,以6个浓度nTiO₂溶液进行大型溞21 d连续培养试验,结果表明:nTiO₂浓度<1 mg·L^-1时,其对大型溞的生长繁殖的不利影响不显著;nTiO₂浓度>1 mg·L^-1时,不利影响差异显著,且表现出随着浓度增加,存活率和繁殖受到明显抑制。第一次怀孕、产仔天数、产仔次数、一次产仔以及产仔总数都明显减小(p<0.05)。当nTiO₂浓度为5 mg·L^-1时,繁殖基本上停止,内禀增长率r_m由0.347(对照)降到0.106。nTiO₂对大型溞的21 d LC₅₀为4.16 mg·L^-1。24h富集试验结果表明:大型溞在24 h内对nTiO₂的蓄积负荷量呈现随浓度和时间的增加而增强的趋势,在低浓度(2 mg·L^-1)和高浓度(10 mg·L^-1)条件下,大型溞均在24 h时达到最大负荷量。72 h净化试验结果是:大型溞对nTiO₂的净化能力与其富集时的浓度条件有关,富集浓度低(2 mg·L^-1)的,其自身的净化能力强;富集浓度高(10 mg·L^-1)的,其自身的净化能力弱;前者的生物半减期T_1/2为63.3 h,后者的生物半减期T_1/2为181.9 h。     

温度和种间竞争对大型溞种群动态和两性生殖的影响

在20℃、25℃下,将大型溞和老年低额溞分别按7+3(B组),5+5(C组),3+7(D组)的组合进行混合培养,以及用单种培养(10+0(A组),0+10(E组))作为对照,研究了温度和种间竞争对大型溞种群动态和两性生殖的影响.实验结果表明:在混合培养时,大型溞对老年低额溞产生明显的竞争优势.20℃、25℃下,单种培养的老年低额溞最大种群密度分别为大型溞的2.31和1.97,而在混合培养下老年低额溞的种群密度明显低于大型溞,在实验25d后几乎全部死亡.25℃下两种溞的种群密度之间存在极显著的负相关性(C组:r=-0.508,n=30,P<0.01;D组:r=-0.483,n=30,P<0.01).在20℃、单种培养下,大型溞在首次产幼溞时即出现雄体,且种群密度与雄体密度呈显著的相关性(r=0.678,n=24,P<0.01).大型溞的最大雄体密度(106 ind.(200ml)~(-1))和最大雄体比例(36.8%)均出现在20℃、单种培养下.25℃下,大型溞在混合培养的B组和C组首次产幼溞时即出现雄体,且雄体在混合培养B组的比例达28.2%.大型溞在25℃、单种培养下没有产生卵鞍,在混合培养下总计产生66个卵鞍,其中空卵鞍占51.5%,而在20℃、混合培养下没有卵鞍产生.实验结果暗示:在较高的温度下,种间竞争刺激了大型溞雄体的产生和卵鞍的形成,高密度的雄体有助于大型溞孤雌生殖雌体向两性生殖雌体的转化.     

标准化测试中不同食物浓度对大型溞生长和繁殖的影响

在标准化的大型溞繁殖试验中探讨食物浓度的合适表征指标和研究不同食物浓度对大型溞生长和繁殖的影响。结果表明: 分别采用细胞计数法、光密度法和总有机碳分析法测定的斜生栅藻液细胞数量、吸光度和总有机碳浓度三者两两之间的线性方程相关系数r 均大于0.917(P<0.01), 线性相关性显著, 三个指标有明显的可比性。从操作的角度考虑,光密度法最为简便, 然而为体现不同种类食物提供的能量水平差异, 以总有机碳浓度表征食物的浓度最为合适。幼溞的数量是反映亲溞繁殖能力的主要指标, 设置的0.01、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20 和0.30 mg C·(溞·d)–1 食物浓度组所产幼溞数量的平均值和标准差分别为33、6810、11816、16415、20522 和23120, 表明随着食物浓度的增加, 亲溞繁殖幼溞的数量也相应增加, 且在不同食物浓度组之间均存在显著性的差异(P<0.05)。当喂食浓度达到0.05 mg C·(溞·d)–1 时, 亲溞繁殖幼溞数量的平均值即能达到60 只(大型溞繁殖试验的质量控制要求之一), 因此, 对于易吸附于藻细胞或被藻细胞降解的化学物质, 大型溞繁殖试验中可调整食物浓度为0.05-0.1 mg C·(溞·d)–1, 有利于受试物暴露浓度的维持。     

梁子湖浮游甲壳动物的生物多样性

基于2006年8月至2008年3月对梁子湖浮游甲壳动物的采样调查,记录了该湖区浮游甲壳动物22种,隶属9科18属,其中枝角类(Cladocera)16种,桡足类(Copepoda)6种,包括9属新记录.物种多样性季节性动态变化明显:枝角类优势种在春、夏和秋冬季依次为透明溞(Daphnia hyalina,优势度Y = 0.80±0.01),小栉溞(Daphnia cristata,Y = 0.50±0.03)和长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris,Y = 0.58±0.04);而桡足类优势种在夏、秋和冬春季依次为长江新镖水蚤(Neodiaptomus yangtsekiangensis,Y = 0.41±0.01)、近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus,Y = 0.46)和特异荡镖水蚤(Neutrodiaptomus incongruens,Y = 0.65±0.18).浮游甲壳类个体密度以春季最高((292±85) ind/L),夏、秋、冬季渐低(依次为(169±104)、(140±53)、(120±0) ind/L).物种多样性冬春季较低(物种数S≤12,丰富度指数D = 0.77和0.71,香农-威纳指数H = 1.79和1.45),夏秋季较高(S≥17,D = 0.98和0.88,H = 1.78和1.83).梁子湖浮游甲壳类动物多样性年际差异不显著,表明湖区环境条件较为优越、稳定.     

铜绿微囊藻对萼花臂尾轮虫与大型溞竞争关系的影响

为探究铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)浓度变化对浮游动物竞争关系的影响,通过控制实验法,评估了在3个铜绿微囊藻浓度梯度下,萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)和大型溞(Daphnia magna)之间的种间竞争关系。结果表明不同浓度铜绿微囊藻对萼花臂尾轮虫、大型溞的增长及二者种间竞争影响具有差异,并且在3种铜绿微囊藻浓度下均以大型溞为主要优势类群。低浓度(5×10⁴ cells/m L)铜绿微囊藻仅促进大型溞种群增长(P<0.01),大型溞占据主要优势地位;中浓度(1×10⁵ cells/m L)铜绿微囊藻对萼花臂尾轮虫和大型溞增长均有显著影响(P<0.01),在此浓度下大型溞在种群竞争中依旧占优势地位,使得萼花臂尾轮虫种群衰亡;在高浓度铜绿微囊藻(5×10⁵ cells/m L)环境中种群生长均受到抑制(P<0.01),在共培养体系中仅大型溞种群存活。在无其他外在影响因素存在时,实验结果显示在不同浓度的铜绿微囊藻下,大型溞均占优势,说明铜绿微囊藻的浓...     

种群密度和培养体积对发头裸腹溞生长和繁殖的影响

研究了不同培养密度(D1=100 ind·L-1,D2=150 ind·L-1,D3 =300 ind·L-1)和培养体积(V1 =50 mL,V2=100 mL,V3 =400 mL)对发头裸腹溞生长和生殖的影响.结果表明:在相同培养密度下,发头裸腹溞首次怀卵体长、雌体第一窝幼溞数和后代总数均随着培养体积的增大而减少,而雌体所产后代的性比(雄体∶雌体)随着培养体积的增大而增大.在相同培养体积下,雌体产出后代总数随着培养密度的增加而减少.雌体最大首次怀卵体长(0.95±0.10 mm)和最大后代总数(171.3±19.8 ind)均出现在D1V1组合,最大性比(0.54±0.05)出现在D3V2组合.培养密度和培养体积及其协同作用对发头裸腹溞雌体后代总数、后代性比均具有显著影响(P＜0.001).     

磷浓度对小环藻、大型溞和金鱼藻三者相互作用的影响

为了解磷浓度对水生植被恢复和生物操纵效果的影响, 分别用小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、大型溞(Daphnia magna)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)代表浮游植物、浮游动物和大型沉水植物建立水生微宇宙模型, 在25℃、2600 lx光强和11 mg/L氮浓度条件下, 分别研究小环藻与大型溞、小环藻与金鱼藻、小环藻-大型溞-金鱼藻共培养时4种磷浓度(0.05、0.1、0.5和2 mg/L)下小环藻、大型溞、金鱼藻的增长率以及培养液中氮磷去除率的变化。结果表明: 小环藻与大型溞、小环藻与金鱼藻两两共培养时, 磷浓度为0.05-2 mg/L时, 金鱼藻和大型溞均生长良好, 小环藻受到明显抑制, 其密度保持较小幅度的正增长。在小环藻-大型溞-金鱼藻三者共培养时, 在0.05-2 mg/L的磷浓度范围内大型溞和金鱼藻生长良好, 与两两共培养相比, 小环藻则受到了更大程度的抑制, 在磷浓度为0.05-0.1 mg/L时藻密度呈现负增长. 这说明在水生态系统中, 大型浮游动物和沉水植物对浮游藻类的联合控制效果远好于各自单独的控制效果, 该控制效果随磷浓度的提高而减弱, 以0.1 mg/L的磷浓度为最佳。在实验结束后测定氮磷去除率发现, 在最低磷浓度(0.05 mg/L),即磷限制时, 水中磷去除率最高, 在最高磷浓度(2 mg/L), 即氮限制时, 水中氮去除率最高。     

镉对大型溞摄食能力和相关生理指标的影响

为了探究镉处理对大型溞(Daphnia magna)摄食能力的影响及其机制, 实验设置了3个镉浓度组(0.01、0.05和0.09 mg/L)、1个空白对照和2个处理时间(24h、48h), 研究镉处理对大型溞摄食率与滤水率、体内镉的蓄积量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和脂质过氧化水平(MDA含量)以及乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性的影响。结果显示, 摄食率和滤水率均随着镉处理浓度的增加而逐渐降低, 当镉浓度为0.09 mg/L, 处理48h时, 摄食率和滤水率均显著或极显著低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01), 且摄食率与对照组相比降低了43.89%; 镉在大型溞体内的积累量随镉处理浓度的增加而逐渐升高; T-AOC和MDA含量随着镉浓度的增加而增高, 镉浓度0.09 mg/L时, T-AOC和MDA含量与对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05), 且T-AOC与摄食率之间呈负相关性, 相关系数R2分别为0.9521、0.9389; AChE活性随着镉浓度的增加而降低, 镉浓度为0.05、0.09 mg/L时AChE活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。这表明镉在体内的蓄积不仅造成了大型溞的氧化损伤, 而且引起了神经系统传导功能的异常, 导致了大型溞摄食能力受到抑制。     

长江中游湖泊不同鱼类养殖方式对浮游植物群落的影响（英文）

为研究水产养殖对湖泊生态系统的影响,于2015年7月至9月对长江中游23个湖泊的浮游植物群落及生物多样性情况进行了调查,所研究的湖泊包括以下4组:水库组(A组)、禁养组(B组)、低密度养殖组(C组)、高密度养殖组(D组)。结果显示, 4组湖泊的优势类群间存在一定差异。A组优势种有假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena,Y=0.642, Y为优势度)、浮鞘丝藻(Planktolyngbya, Y=0.064), B组优势种有平裂藻(Merismopedia, Y=0.428)、浮鞘丝藻(Planktolyngbya, Y=0.118)、假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena, Y=0.133)、栅藻(Scenedesmus, Y=0.066), C组优势种为假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaen, Y=0.395)、平裂藻(Merismopedia, Y=0.097)、浮鞘丝藻(Planktolyngbya,Y=0.122), D组的优势种为平裂藻(Merismopedia, Y=0.308)、微囊藻(Microcystis, Y=0.118)、假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena, Y=0.077)。A组浮游植物丰度显著低于B组、C组及D组(P0.05)。各组间浮游植物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数及Pielou均匀度指数均不存在明显差异。研究表明鱼类养殖对湖泊浮游植物的丰度及优势类群会产生影响,对湖泊生态系统的管理具有一定的参考意义。     

长江中游湖泊不同鱼类养殖方式对浮游植物群落的影响

为研究水产养殖对湖泊生态系统的影响, 于2015年7月至9月对长江中游23个湖泊的浮游植物群落及生物多样性情况进行了调查, 所研究的湖泊包括以下4组: 水库组(A组)、禁养组(B组)、低密度养殖组(C组)、高密度养殖组(D组)。结果显示, 4组湖泊的优势类群间存在一定差异。A组优势种有假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena, Y=0.642, Y为优势度)、浮鞘丝藻(Planktolyngbya, Y=0.064), B组优势种有平裂藻(Merismopedia, Y=0.428)、浮鞘丝藻(Planktolyngbya, Y=0.118)、假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena, Y=0.133)、栅藻(Scenedesmus, Y=0.066), C组优势种为假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaen, Y=0.395)、平裂藻(Merismopedia, Y=0.097)、浮鞘丝藻(Planktolyngbya, Y=0.122), D组的优势种为平裂藻(Merismopedia, Y=0.308)、微囊藻(Microcystis, Y=0.118)、假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena, Y=0.077)。A组浮游植物丰度显著低于B组、C组及D组(P<0.05)。各组间浮游植物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数及Pielou均匀度指数均不存在明显差异。研究表明鱼类养殖对湖泊浮游植物的丰度及优势类群会产生影响, 对湖泊生态系统的管理具有一定的参考意义。     

六六六对大型溞生态学的影响

在实验室条件下,测定了六六六对大型溞(Daphnia magna Straus)存活、生长和生殖的影响。在25℃时,以心跳停止为死亡标准,六六六(以丙体计)对大型溞48小时LC50及其95%可信限为1.32±0.30ppm。以存活、生长和生殖为毒性标准,未觉察反应浓度(NOEC)为150ppb,最低觉察反应浓度(LOEC)为200ppb,其应用因子在0.11-0.15之间。内禀增长能力(rm)是更为敏感的指标,六六六浓度要降低至50ppb才无明显影响。       

重金属Hg2+、Cd2+对西藏拟溞的急性毒性研究

在静置不换水条件下,研究了重金属Hg2+、Cd2+对西藏拟溞的急性毒性作用。结果表明,Hg2+和Cd2+对西藏拟溞的24hLC50分别是468.3441μg/L、12.3140 mg/L,48hLC50分别是124.3158μg/L、6.8183 mg/L,Hg2+、Cd2+对西藏拟溞急性毒性的安全浓度分别是2.6277μg/L、0.6271 mg/L。Hg2+对西藏拟溞的毒性大于Cd2+的毒性。     

微塑料对大型溞的急性毒性研究

为了解微塑料对淡水生态环境的影响, 选择了大型溞作为受试生物, 研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC)对其产生的急性毒性效应与恢复试验。研究设置了7个 PVC浓度梯度, 范围是0—400 mg/L, 等比系数为2, 对其进行急性毒性处理, 测定96h LC₅₀, 并对大型溞心率变化和抗氧化指标进行测定。同时, 对其进行清水21d恢复实验。96h LC₅₀为130.132 mg/L, 95%置信区间为82.864—234.989 mg/L。处理组与对照组相比, 高浓度组心率具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 低浓度组无显著性差异(P>0.05); 高浓度组摄食率具有极显著差异(P<0.01), 低浓度组无显著性差异(P>0.05); 高浓度组SOD、GSH值具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 低浓度组并不显著(P>0.05)。处理组与对照组相比, 处理组的生育力明显提高, 首次产幼时间提前, 但后代体长变短, 出现畸形个体; 处理组的后代死亡数高于对照组, 母溞体长缩短, 但并不显著。结果表明, PVC的暴露对大型溞具有一定的毒性效应, 短期暴露会对其后续生长和繁殖产生不利影响。     

水产养殖用解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的安全性评价

目的:评价水产养殖用解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的安全性。方法:参照《GB/T21805-2008化学品藻类生长抑制试验》、《GB/T13266-91水质物质对蚤类(大型蚤)急性毒性测定方法》、《GB/T13267-91水质物质对淡水鱼(斑马鱼)急性毒性测定方法》、《渔药临床试验技术规范》等国家标准及相关法规,观察了解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊对小球藻生长的抑制作用以及对大型蚤、斑马鱼和草鱼的急性毒性,分析了其对养殖水体主要理化因子的影响。结果:解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊在终浓度为0.2～2 000mg/L时对小球藻生长具有促进作用,对小球藻的半数抑制浓度大于2 000mg/L,而且其对大型蚤、斑马鱼和草鱼的半数致死浓度也大于2 000mg/L(或mg/kg体重)。此外,在养殖水体中加入解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊至终浓度为0.2～2 000mg/L后14天内,各浓度组的氨氮含量、硫化物和pH均缓慢下降,仅亚硝酸盐氮含量稍微升高后逐渐缓慢降低,但这些理化因子的变化与解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的加入量呈负相关关系。结论:解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊实际无毒,对养殖水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硫化物和pH等理化因子的影响均控制在虾虎鱼仔鱼、黄颡鱼、白斑狗鱼、克氏原螯虾等水产养殖动物的安全浓度范围内,为其在水产养殖中的安全应用提供了重要的科学依据。     

Biotoxicity of mercury as influenced by mercury(II) speciation

Integration of physicochemical procedures for studying mercury(II) speciation with microbiological procedures for studying the effects of mercury on bacterial growth allows evaluation of ionic factors (e.g., pH and ligand species and concentration) which affect biotoxicity. A Pseudomonas fluorescens strain capable of methylating inorganic Hg(II) was isolated from sediment samples collected at Buffalo Pound Lake in Saskatchewan, Canada. The effect of pH and ligand species on the toxic response (i.e., 50% inhibitory concentration [IC50]) of the P. fluorescens isolated to mercury were determined and related to the aqueous speciation of Hg(II). It was determined that the toxicities of different mercury salts were influenced by the nature of the co-ion. At a given pH level, mercuric acetate and mercuric nitrate yielded essentially the same IC50s; mercuric chloride, on the other hand, always produced lower IC50s. For each Hg salt, toxicity was greatest at pH 6.0 and decreased significantly (P = 0.05) at pH 7.0. Increasing the pH to 8.0 had no effect on the toxicity of mercuric acetate or mercuric nitrate but significantly (P = 0.05) reduced the toxicity of mercuric chloride. The aqueous speciation of Hg(II) in the synthetic growth medium M-IIY (a minimal salts medium amended to contain 0.1% yeast extract and 0.1% glycerol) was calculated by using the computer program GEOCHEM-PC with a modified data base. Results of the speciation calculations indicated that complexes of Hg(II) with histidine [Hg(H-HIS)HIS+ and Hg(H-HIS)2(2+)], chloride (HgCl+, HgCl2(0), HgClOH0, and HgCl3-), phosphate (HgHPO4(0), ammonia (HgNH3(2+), glycine [Hg(GLY)+], alanine [Hg(ALA)+], and hydroxyl ion (HgOH+) were the Hg species primarily responsible for toxicity in the M-IIY medium. The toxicity of mercuric nitrate at pH 8.0 was unaffected by the addition of citrate, enhanced by the addition of chloride, and reduced by the addition of cysteine. In the chloride-amended system, HgCl+, HgCl2(0), and HgClOH0 were the species primarily responsible for observed increases in toxicity. In the cysteine-amended system, formation of Hg(CYS)2(2-) was responsible for detoxification effects that were observed. The formation of Hg-citrate complexes was insignificant and had no effect on Hg toxicity.     

Biotoxicity of mercury as influenced by mercury(II) speciation.

Integration of physicochemical procedures for studying mercury(II) speciation with microbiological procedures for studying the effects of mercury on bacterial growth allows evaluation of ionic factors (e.g., pH and ligand species and concentration) which affect biotoxicity. A Pseudomonas fluorescens strain capable of methylating inorganic Hg(II) was isolated from sediment samples collected at Buffalo Pound Lake in Saskatchewan, Canada. The effect of pH and ligand species on the toxic response (i.e., 50% inhibitory concentration [IC50]) of the P. fluorescens isolated to mercury were determined and related to the aqueous speciation of Hg(II). It was determined that the toxicities of different mercury salts were influenced by the nature of the co-ion. At a given pH level, mercuric acetate and mercuric nitrate yielded essentially the same IC50s; mercuric chloride, on the other hand, always produced lower IC50s. For each Hg salt, toxicity was greatest at pH 6.0 and decreased significantly (P = 0.05) at pH 7.0. Increasing the pH to 8.0 had no effect on the toxicity of mercuric acetate or mercuric nitrate but significantly (P = 0.05) reduced the toxicity of mercuric chloride. The aqueous speciation of Hg(II) in the synthetic growth medium M-IIY (a minimal salts medium amended to contain 0.1% yeast extract and 0.1% glycerol) was calculated by using the computer program GEOCHEM-PC with a modified data base. Results of the speciation calculations indicated that complexes of Hg(II) with histidine [Hg(H-HIS)HIS+ and Hg(H-HIS)2(2+)], chloride (HgCl+, HgCl2(0), HgClOH0, and HgCl3-), phosphate (HgHPO4(0), ammonia (HgNH3(2+), glycine [Hg(GLY)+], alanine [Hg(ALA)+], and hydroxyl ion (HgOH+) were the Hg species primarily responsible for toxicity in the M-IIY medium. The toxicity of mercuric nitrate at pH 8.0 was unaffected by the addition of citrate, enhanced by the addition of chloride, and reduced by the addition of cysteine. In the chloride-amended system, HgCl+, HgCl2(0), and HgClOH0 were the species primarily responsible for observed increases in toxicity. In the cysteine-amended system, formation of Hg(CYS)2(2-) was responsible for detoxification effects that were observed. The formation of Hg-citrate complexes was insignificant and had no effect on Hg toxicity.     

氮磷浓度对藻-溞-草间相互作用的影响

为了解氮磷浓度对生物操纵效果的影响, 以小球藻、大型溞和金鱼藻分别作为浮游植物、浮游动物和大型沉水植物的代表, 建立了它们之间相互作用的水生微宇宙模型。研究了在25℃、2000—3000 lx 的温度和光照下, 不同氮磷浓度对三者生长的影响。结果表明: 两者共培养时, 在高氮(10.5 mg/L)条件下, 磷浓度小于0.1 mg/L 对大型溞繁殖和金鱼藻的生长有利; 磷浓度介于0.1—2 mg/L 时小球藻呈大暴发趋势, 而金鱼藻的生长则明显受抑制。在低氮(0.5 mg/L)条件下, 磷浓度不大于0.5 mg/L, 大型溞对小球藻有较好的抑制作用, 金鱼藻与小球藻无显著互抑现象; 磷浓度增大为2 mg/L 时, 小球藻对金鱼藻生长产生明显抑制。在0.05—2 mg/L 的磷浓度范围及高氮和低氮条件下三者共培养时, 大型溞数量及金鱼藻生物量均不同程度的升高,且小球藻数量得到了有效抑制, 以磷浓度为0.1—0.5 mg/L 时效果最佳; N/P 比值对藻、溞、草间的相互作用有重要影响, 在藻-溞系统中, 大型沉水植物的加入可以大大提高控藻效果, 减小N/P 比值波动带来的不利影响。与低氮情况相比, 高氮条件对金鱼藻、大型溞及小球藻的增长均存在一定抑制作用。磷浓度为0.5 mg/L时的水体氮磷去除效果好于其他磷浓度梯度。       

Uptake of Hg from203Hg-labeled mercury compounds by wheat and beans grown on an oxisol

Summary Studies were conducted to evaluate the uptake of mercury by wheat (Triticum aestivum L. runar) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. marshal) growth on an oxisol with different levels of 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride (Aretan) and mercuric chloride. Dry matter and grain yields of wheat were little affected by either Aretan or mercuric chloride, although Aretan at 50 mg Hg/kg soil delayed germination by four to five days. Germination of beans grown with both compounds at the 50 mg Hg/kg soil failed completely, even after repeated sowing. Yields were somewhat, though not significantly, decreased by mercury chloride up to 5 mg Hg/kg soil.The concentration of Hg in wheat straw and grain increased significantly with increased levels of Aretan and HgCl₂ application, with more Hg taken up by the plants grown with HgCl₂ than with those grown with Aretan. Translocation of Hg to grain was greater in the plants grown with HgCl₂.The concentration of Hg in bean straw, but not grain, increased significantly with increasing levels of Aretan and HgCl₂ application, and was greater in plants grown with HgCl₂. Translocation to grain was low, with little difference between plants grown with Aretan or HgCl₂.     

大型溞生长、生殖和种群增长的研究

年龄6±6小时的纯系大型溞培养在25±1℃静置换水条件下,饲以斜生栅藻,其平均寿命为68.40±9.82天。龄期(x)和年龄(t,天)之间呈曲线迴归关系:t=-2.245+1.510x+0.035x2(r=0.99,p3.86-0.131t)(式中Y为累计生殖量个数,t为天数)。       

1,8-二羟基蒽醌对大型溞的毒性效应

The study on the acute,sublethal and chronic toxicity of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (1,8-dihAQ) to Daphnia magna showed that the 48 h LC₅₀ was 0.37 mg稬^-1,and the feeding behavior of Daphnia magna was severely affected by the compound.When exposed to 0.2 mg稬^-1 of 1,8-dihAQ for 5 h,the filtration and ingestion rate of Daphnia magna was inhibited by 97%.Chronic toxicity test results indicated that the reproduction ability decreased dramatically after exposing to sublethal concentration of 1,8-dihAQ.It could be inferred that reproduction parameters and intrinsic rate of natural increase were the sensitive parameters in characterizing sublethal toxicity.The NOEC and LOEC values for reproduction parameters were also given.