二叠纪放射虫组合带的发现及其地质意义

二叠纪丑巾虫科放射虫中有一类顶锥部分向腹边弯曲放射虫,Ｉｓｈｉｇａ称为Ｆｏｌｌｉｃｕｃｕｌｌｕｓ ｂｉｐａｒｔｉｔｕｓ－Ｆ．ｃｈａｒｕｅｔｉ组合带对比,目前这类人经石仅在东南亚地区的西南日本、菲律宾巴拉望地区和中国广西钦州地区发现表明,这些地区的放射虫当时很可能是在同一个洋盆中沉积的,只是由于它们各自的沉积历史不一样,以及后来的板块活动,造成了原始块体的离散,飘移,形成目前这种分布格局,这个放射虫     

苏皖南部孤峰组放射虫动物群

南京天宝山、安徽巢湖平顶山、泾县晏公堂和南陵丫山孤峰组中含有较丰富的放射虫化石,包括７属１６种（未定种）,分属于６个科,可以分成三个化石组合带,即下部的Ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｌｂａｉｌｌｅｌｌａｆｕｓｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ－Ｐｓ．ｌｏｎｇｔａｎｅｎｓｉｓ带,中部的Ｆｏｌｌｉｃｕｃｕｌｌｕｓｍｏｎａｃａｎｔｈｕｓ带和上部的Ｒｕｚｈｅｎｃｅｖｉｓｐｏｎｇｕｓｕｒａｌｉｃｕｓ－Ｆｏ．ｓｃｈｏｌａｓｔｉｃｕｓ带。这三个带分别可以同广西钦州地区的Ｐｓ．ｇｌｏｂｏｓａ带,Ｆｏ．ｍｏｎａｃａｎｔｈｕｓ带和Ｆｏ．ｓｃｈｏｌａｓｔｉｃｕｓ－Ｆｏ．ｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｏｓｕｓ带对比。根据孤峰组下伏地层栖霞组灰岩中所含类Ｐａｒａｆｕｓｕｌｉｎａｍｕｌｔｉｓｅｐｔａｔａ带和上覆地层堰桥组或武穴组灰岩中所含类Ｍｅｔａｄｏｌｉｏｌｉｎａ动物群证实,孤峰组与华南地区茅口组下部类Ｎｅｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ带大体相当。最近的古地磁和古生物资料证明,在华北板块与扬子板块之间,二叠纪时存在一个宽阔的海洋,孤峰组硅质岩中的这些放射虫动物群就是由这个洋中发育的上升洋流带入扬子板块断陷盆地中沉积的。     

新疆北部碳酸盐岩中一个晚泥盆世法门期放射虫动物群

产于新疆北部乌图布拉克（和丰牧场）俄姆哈一带根那仁组（上泥盆统上部—下石炭统下部）硅化灰岩中的这个放射虫动物群包括１２属１９种和２未定种,其中有新属１个,新种７个。这个动物群有二个形态组合,一个以球形多囊虫类Ｅｎｔａｅｔｉｎｉｄａｅ科占优势,另一个以Ｃｅｒａｔｏｉｋｉｓｃｉｄａｅ科和Ｈｏｌｏｅｃｉｓｃｉｄａｅ科的成员为特征。这个动物群与北美西部、俄罗斯东北部晚泥盆世法门期放射虫动物群可以对比,并可归入Ｈｏｌｏｅｃｉｓｃｕｓｆｏｒｅｍａｎａｅ带。     

滇西早石炭世放射虫化石

本文记述了采自滇西孟连、耿马及德钦地区的放射虫化石,共计１３属２５种（亚种）和６未定种,其中１新种（Ｐｏｌｙｅｎｔａｃｔｉｎｉａｓｅｘａｎｇｕｌａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）和１新亚种（Ａｌｂａｉｌｅｌａｉｎｄｅｎｓｉｓｂｒａｕｎｉｓｕｂｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）。该动物群可以与西欧早石炭世放射虫动物群对比。它们被划分为５个组合带,其中Ａｌｂａｉｌｅｌａｃｆ．ｐａｒａｄｏｘａ,Ａｌｂａｉｌｅｌａｄｅｆｌａｎｄｒｅｉ,Ａｌｂａｉｌｅｌａｉｎｄｅｎｓｉｓ和Ｅｏｓｔｙｌｏｄｉｃｔｙａｒｏｔａ组合带可与Ｂｒａｕｎ等（１９９３）的同名化石带对比,Ａｌｂａｉｌｅｌａｃａｒｔａｌａ组合带大致相当于Ｂｒａｕｎ等（１９９３）的Ａｌｂａｉｌｅｌａｃａｒｔａｌａ和Ｌａｔｅｎｔｉｆｉｓｔｕｌａｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒｉｃａ带。     

安徽广德独山地区的晚石炭世有孔虫动物群

安徽广德独山地区晚石炭世黄龙组和船山组中采得Ｔｉｎｇ类化石２１属６６种,非Ｔｉｎｇ有孔虫２７属７５种,包括新种Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｉｎ ｌｉｌｉａｎａ和Ｅｎｄｏｔｈｙｒａ ｄｕｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ。根据有孔虫动物群地地层分布规律,建立了该地区上石炭统３个Ｔｉｎｇｏ类化石和带和３个非Ｔｉｎｇ有孔虫化石组合,即：Ｔｉｎｇ类Ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ ｍｏｅｌｌｅｒｉ顶峰带,Ｆｕｓｕｌｉｎａ－Ｆｕ     

云南墨江上三叠统歪古村组燧石质砾石中的晚古生代放射虫化石及其地质意义

云南哀牢山缝合带由于长期未找到晚石炭世至二叠纪深海环境的化石及沉积地层记录,对哀牢山古特提斯盆地演化历史存在着不同认识。文中报道了采自云南墨江坝留地区上三叠统歪古村组底砾岩中的早石炭世和中二叠世放射虫化石,所有放射虫化石发现于4件燧石质砾石中,共计11属9种和7未定种及1属种未定放射虫。其中,3件砾石含有Albaillella deflandrei Gourmelon,Albaillella sinuosa Won and Seo等早石炭世放射虫化石组合,另1件砾石含有Pseudoalbaillella spp.,Quadricaulis scalae Caridroit and De Wever,Cauletella sp.和Ishigaum sp.等中二叠世放射虫化石组合。由此表明,哀牢山缝合带存在着早石炭世和中二叠世深海盆地沉积地层记录,哀牢山深海盆地应该在中二叠世之后封闭。该成果为探讨哀牢山古特提斯盆地演化提供了放射虫古生物学证据,进而说明哀牢山缝合带与金沙江缝合带一样,也存在石炭纪和二叠纪深水洋盆沉积地层记录,指示其演化历史是相同的。     

江苏仑山地区和湖北宜昌地区上奥陶统五峰组放射虫动物群

本文报道了江苏仑山岗岗山剖面和湖北宜昌黄花场宜黄-1井岩芯中晚奥陶世五峰组灰色、灰黑色硅质页岩和硅质岩中的放射虫动物群。通过对仑山和宜昌五峰组放射虫动物群的再研究,发现该放射虫动物群以空滴虫科(Inaniguttidae)放射虫发育为特点,丰度高,但分异度低、属种单调,仑山地区仅有一科、一属、两种,包括Inani-gutta webbyi和Inanigutta jiangsuensis。宜昌地区同样发现空滴虫科放射虫,但难以鉴定到属种。两个地区的化石整体保存状况较差。根据伴生的笔石化石判断该放射虫动物群时代为凯迪晚期至赫南特早期。动物群特征与凯迪早、中期放射虫动物群有一定差异。同时,在两地五峰组中还新发现一类分类位置待定的锥形疑似放射虫化石,具有一定的地层对比意义。     

内蒙古西拉木伦河北部蛇绿岩带中二叠纪放射虫的发现及其地质意义

内蒙古西拉木伦河北部杏树洼蛇绿岩带硅质岩中首次发现放射虫１１属９种１相似种４末定种及伴生的１个台型牙形类Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａｓｐ．,这些化石常见于日本西南部,北美西部Ｏｒｅｇｏｎ,Ｎｅｖａｄａ等地区,菲律宾巴拉望,泰国东南部,中国广西钦州地区和云南西部孟连地区中二叠世Ｇｕａｄａｌｕｐｉａｎ期地层中,它们属于Ｆｏｌｌｉｃｕｃｕｌｌｕｓｓｃｈｏｌａｓｔｉｃｕｓ－Ｆｏ．ｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｏｓｕｓ带。     

中国石炭-二叠纪放射虫化石带及古生物地理学意义

中国广西钦州地区和云南西部昌宁—孟连地区的层状硅质岩地层中发育丰富的石炭—二叠纪放射虫生物群,据此建立了22个连续的放射虫化石带。从晚石炭世至晚二叠世长兴期,日本西南区出现的Pseudoalbaillella nodosa带至Neoalbaillella optima带共15个放射虫生物带可与中国同期发育的17个放射虫生物带对比,代表泛大洋(Panthalassa)沉积的部分日本地体和代表古特提斯洋(Palaeo-Tethys)沉积的中国部分构造单元,无论在放射虫生物类群组分还是在化石生物带构成方面都非常相似。晚石炭世—二叠纪放射虫生物地层学资料证实,该时期地球上的两个大洋(泛大洋和特提斯洋)没有明显的分化,可能属于同一大洋体系———古特提斯洋。     

西藏丁青蛇绿岩带中一个晚三叠世放射虫动物群

西藏丁青地区晚三叠世Carnian期放射虫动物群共描述19属35种（7个未定种）,归于16科（亚科）中,以Capnuchosphaera,Palaeosaturnalis,Perispongidium,Spongostylus,Annulotriassocampe,Poulpus,Xenorum,Veghicyclia,Tetraporobrachia,Canoptum,Xiphotheca等属为主的这个动物群被命名为Capnuchosphaera triassica组合带,由于Capnuchosphaera属在全世界广泛分布,无论在特提斯生物大区还是环太平洋生物大区,以这个属为主的放射虫动物群已成为国际间Carnian期至Norian早中期放射虫地层学对比的重要依据。     

A biogeographically mixed, Middle Permian brachiopod fauna from the Baoshan Block, western Yunnan, China

A small brachiopod fauna is described from the carbonate rocks of the basal Shazipo Formation of the Baoshan Block, western Yunnan, south-west China, including significant new ventral and dorsal internal morphological features of Cryptospirifer omeishanensis Huang. This fauna is regarded as Wordian (Middle Guadalupian, Middle Permian) because of the presence of Cryptospirifer omeishanensis Huang and associated fusulinids ( Neoschwagerina craticulifera Zone). Palaeobiogeographically, the brachiopod fauna is of considerable interest because of its admixed nature characterized by typical warm-water Cathaysian elements intermingled with temperate Peri-Gondwanan taxa. This in turn is interpreted to indicate that the Baoshan Block may have been situated in an intermediate palaeogeographical position between Gondwanaland to the south and Cathaysia to the north during the Mid Permian and, as such, it probably furnished an important 'stepping stone' for the dispersal of Mid Permian eastern Tethyan marine invertebrate taxa (e.g. Cryptospirifer ) to the western Tethys.     

Early Permian bioevent in the fusulinacean fauna of South China

Analysis of a large database of the stratigraphic distribution of fusulinacean Foraminifera reveals an Early Permian event of significant decline of species diversity in South China. Data from Late Carboniferous to Early Permian sections without apparent unconformity in southwest China were evaluated to determine if the apparent pattern of species disappearance was caused by bias in fossil preservation associated with Early Permian sea-level changes. Statistical analysis suggests that the Early Permian event started in the Late Sakmarian with a significant drop of species diversity in the Robustoschwagerina ziyunensis Zone and continued through the Pamirina darvasica Zone of the Artinskian and into the Brevaxina dyhrenfurthi Zone of the Early Kungarian, resulted in a total loss of about 40% species diversity in the fusulinacean fauna. The Early Permian event is the most extensive bioevent in the history of fusulinacean Foraminifera at the species level although it is less significant at the generic level. Because a similar faunal change has been found among the fusulinacean assemblages in North America and in various regions of Tethys, this event may represent a major faunal turn-over in response to the Early Permian changes in sea level and could be of a global nature. Previous recognition of this event was hampered by Early Permian unconformities in North America and other regions of Tethys.     

贵州紫云晒瓦群中放射虫Neoalbaillella动物群的发现

首次报道贵州紫云晚二叠世晒瓦群顶部硅质岩中Neoalbaillella动物群,计12种,5未定种,归属于12属9科4超科2亚目,其中1新属（Spongosphaeradiscus gen.nov.）,2新种（Spongosphaeradiscus chaiwaensis sp.nov.和Copicyntra shaiwaensis sp.nov.）。根据这个动物群建立Neoalbaillella ornithoformis-Spongosphaeradiscus shaiwaen-sis带,与东亚和美国西海岸长兴期的Neoalbaillella ornithoformis带对比。     

Tethyan uppermost Permian (Dzhulfian and Dorashamian) foraminiferal faunas and their paleogeographic and tectonic implications

The foraminiferal faunas and biostratigraphic correlation of the Tethyan uppermost Permian (Dzhulfian and Dorashamian) provide important paleogeographic and tectonic data for the interpretation of the Palaeofusulina-bearing terranes in East and Southeast Asia. These interpretations have a significant bearing on understanding Japanese pre-Cretaceous tectonostratigraphic and micropaleontologic data, as well as the geodynamic evolution of the Japanese Palaeofusulina-bearing terranes. The Tethyan foraminiferal fauna in the uppermost Permian is characterized by the occurrence of provincial and endemic schubertellid genera, and the absence of neoschwagerinids and verbeekinids which had characterized the rapidly evolving Middle Permian Tethyan marine faunas until their extinction at the end of the Midian. Difficulties in world-wide correlation of the uppermost Permian have resulted because of different geographic faunal compositions and the geographic patterns of extinction of Permian marine faunas. The Palaeofusulina fauna is one of the most reliable indicators of the uppermost Permian. Its presence or absence serves as paleogeographic constraints on East and Southeast Asian terranes. For example, the absence of Palaeofusulina fauna and the presence of late Midian Lepidolina multiseptata faunas in the Lhasa Terrane in Tibet and the Wolya Terrane in Sumatra (the third continental sliver north of Gondwana) are important, particularly, for identifying the rift–drift–collision process of the Gondwana-affinity terranes. They suggest a Late Permian separation of the two terranes from Gondwana. Tethyan Palaeofusulina occur in the latest Permian tropical to subtropical latitudinal belt and along with other geologic data assist in paleogeographic reconstructions and in interpreting the possible movement and emplacement of the Palaeofusulina-bearing terranes such as the Maizuru, South Kitakami–Kurosegawa and Chichibu terranes in Japan. They reveal that: (1) the Upper Permian Maizuru Group was deposited on the eastern continental margin of South China; (2) the occurrence of the Lower Permian Cathaysian flora and a number of geologic data in the South Kitakami–Kurosegawa suggest an arc–trench system setting and the Late Permian deposition in a shallow open-marine environment in proximity to South China; (3) foraminiferal biogeograpic data and the reconstructed oceanic plate stratigraphy in the Chichibu Terrane constrain the location of the Chichibu Seamount Chains to the western part of the Panthalassan domain, as they moved westwards against the Cathaysian Continent until their Jurassic accretion.     

海南岛东方早二叠世双壳类动物群及其古生物地理学研究──兼评南龙杂砾岩的冰川成因说

在海南岛东方县江边地区下二叠统南龙组中发现双壳类９属１０种，其中２新种。除新种外，这些双壳类常见于华南和日本的茅口期晚期地层，其它动、植物化石的研究也得出了相同结论，本区无疑是华夏生物区系的组成部分。海南岛的琼中地体不大可能在石炭一二叠纪仍位于冈瓦纳大陆北缘或其附近，南龙杂砾岩应属裂谷成因，与冰川无关。     

桂西南柳桥地区二叠纪末期浅水相小有孔虫动物群

本文研究了广西扶绥县柳桥地区二叠纪末期的浅水相小有孔虫动物群。该动物群赋存于硅质岩相地层中的灰岩夹层里。动物群丰度和分异度均较高,共发现12属25种。其中包括长兴期的常见分子如Glomospira,No-dosaria,Colaniella等。此有孔虫组合与Colaniella组合大致相当,可以与类Paleofusulina带和Gallowayiella带相对比。     

越南下龙湾石炭纪巴什基尔期Pseudostaffella(筵)类动物群

作者报道了越南下龙湾地区的一个(筵)类动物群,该动物群产于下龙湾吉婆岛东的一个小岛的石灰岩地层中,其中以Pseudostaffella为主,Eostaffella次之.文中描述7个种,即:Pseudostaffella composita,P.subquadrata vozhgalica,P.antiqua,P.antiqua grandis,Eostaffella postmosquensis,E.mosquensis及E.galinae,其中以Pseudostaffella composita最为丰富,可称之为Pseudostaffella动物群.该动物群层位高于下龙湾地区Bacson组中的Millerella-Eostaffella带,相当于宾夕法尼亚系巴什基尔阶上部,中国贵州盘县滑石板阶层型剖面的Pseudostaffella composita-P.paracompressa带,俄罗斯下巴什基尔阶Prikamsky层的Pseudostaffella prae-gorskyi-Profusulinella staffellaeformis带的一部分,以及北美宾夕法尼亚系莫洛阶Millerella带与阿托克阶Profusulinella组合带之间的Pseudostaffella和Eostaffella的化石层.下龙湾Pseudostaffella(筵)类动物群的发现具有重要的地层学和古生物学意义,它对于进一步认识该地区地质演化及古生物地理变迁均有裨益.     

Miofloral succession and interpretation of the base of the permian system in the Eastern Shelf of North Central Texas,U.S.A.

The study includes palynological investigation of the Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) and lowermost Permian (Wolfcampian) strata of Texas, with special emphasis on the Pennsylvanian and Permian systemic boundary in the Eastern Shelf of north central Texas. The following palynozones have been recognized: (1) Grumososporites-Simozonotriletes Zone (Atokan); (2) Torispora-Thymospora Zone (Demoinesian); (3) Cristatisporites—Cadiospora arcuata Zone (Missourian); (4) Crucisaccites americanus Zone (Early Virgilian); (5) Guptaesporites honakerensis Zone (Late Virgilian); and (6) Nuskoisporites crenulatus-Hamiapollenites saccatus Zone (Early Wolfcampian). The base of the Permian Wolfcampian Stage has been placed at the base of Nuskoisporites crenulatus-Hamiapollenites saccatus Zone, which approximately coincides with the base of the Coleman Junction Limestone Member of the Putnam Formation of the Wichita Group. This conclusion may appear to be contradictory to fusulinid evidence because it places the base of the Permian System 182.88 m above the so-called fusulinid boundary. It also disagrees with the paleobotanical boundary. The discussion concludes that fusulinid and paleobotanical evidence is inconclusive.