Construction and characterization of a cDNA library from floral organs and fruitlets of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus reticulata</Emphasis>

To explore and isolate genes related to flowering and fruit development, we constructed a cDNA library from floral organs and fruitlets of Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). A total of 661 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated and submitted to GenBank with the accession numbers from GO343532 to GO344192. All these ESTs were assembled into 43 contigs and 296 singletons (totally 339 unigenes). The BLAST2GO software was employed to annotate the unigenes, among which 77 ones had no significant homology with the sequences in NCBI non-redundant proteins database by BLASTX analysis. Additionally, gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed an overview of sequences distribution, which implied some specially expressed genes related to flower and fruit development. Furthermore, some abundantly expressed unigenes involved in several crucial metabolic pathways related to fruit quality were highlighted and three types of homologues of miraculin-like protein2 were analyzed by both semiquantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR. The results showed different expression profiles of these genes, which meant that they contribute distinctly to fruit development.     

棉铃虫幼虫唾液腺cDNA文库的构建及EST分析

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)幼虫唾液中的各种酶类及各种生化组分在棉铃虫与植物相互作用及协同进化中起到重要作用; 唾液腺是棉铃虫唾液成分的合成器官。本研究通过构建棉铃虫幼虫唾液腺全长cDNA文库, 测序得到1 502条EST序列, 聚类分析后获得821个unigenes, 为筛选棉铃虫与寄主互作信号因子提供基因信息资源。使用Blast2 GO软件对821个unigenes进行了比对和功能注释, 初步获得棉铃虫幼虫唾液腺中mRNA的构成特征。结果显示, 在棉铃虫唾液腺ESTs文库中, 鉴定得到脂类相关消化酶基因17个, 糖类相关消化酶基因5个, 半胱氨酸蛋白酶基因1个, 丝氨酸蛋白酶基因20个（其中16个为新发现）, 提示唾液腺的主要功能是分泌消化酶进行预消化; 还发现在棉铃虫幼虫唾液腺中存在表皮蛋白、 气味结合蛋白和化学感受蛋白基因。结果为研究棉铃虫预消化系统打下基础。     

Annotation and analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) pituitary cDNA library

Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis belongs to the family Acipenseridae, an ancient species of actinopterygian fishes. In order to advance molecular research on its reproduction, ontogenetic development, we were seeking for genomic information in the NCBI expressed sequence tag (EST database). We found 3384 indentified cDNA sequences which were assembled into 861 unigenes. Blast analysis revealed 301 unigenes shared high similarity with genes in the public databases, and these were classified into three groups: 202 known genes, 81 putative genes and 8 unknown genes. The remainder (560 genes) had no significant match to any protein sequence. Further, 255 unigenes and 333 unmatched unigenes were annotated with Gene Ontology (GO), which could be classified into cellular component, molecular function, and biological process. Among the known genes, the hormone genes pomc A (proopiomelanocortin), pomc B, GtH alpha I subunit (gonadotropin hormone), GtH alpha II subunit and GH (growth hormone) were present in this library. Comparison of the Chinese sturgeon proteins (GH, GtH alpha subunit and POMC) to proteins of other species showed higher levels of homology among sturgeon species. We performed five hormone related genes including GnRHRI (gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor I), cpH (carboxypeptidase H), ppiB (peptidylprolyl isomerase B), stmn3 (stathmin-like 3), 7B2 (neuroendocrine protein 7B2), and four novel genes (contig 192, 177, 170 and 168) a semi-quantitative RT-PCR on different tissues from Chinese sturgeon.     

花椒窄吉丁转录组及化学感受相关基因的分析

【目的】建立花椒窄吉丁 Agrilus zanthoxylumi 转录组数据库,挖掘其基因组数据。【方法】采用高通量测序平台Illumina NovaSeq6000对花椒窄吉丁成虫不同组织(触角、头、胸、腹、足、翅)进行转录组测序、序列组装,使用BLAST软件将花椒窄吉丁unigenes序列与公共数据库进行比对,BLAST同源性搜索的方法从中筛选出与其化学感受相关的基因,并与其他已研究发表的鞘翅目昆虫化学感受相关基因的核酸序列比对,进行系统发育分析。利用RPKM值对这些基因在花椒窄吉丁成虫不同组织中的表达量进行分析。【结果】经测序及序列拼接后共得到80 320条unigenes和 169 398 条contigs,其G+C比例分别是37.63%和39.18%,平均长度分别为828.75和1 084.33 bp;unigenes长度主要分布在200~400 bp的共有37 374条,占全部unigenes的46.53%。在NR数据库中注释的与花椒窄吉丁转录组相似基因所属物种分布为赤拟谷盗 Tribolium castaneum 所占比例26.80%,其后依次是小家鼠 Mus musculus (13.87%),蛀犀金龟 Oryctes borbonicus (5.26%),山松甲虫 Dendroctonus ponderosae (4.10%),黑蚁 Lasius niger (2.36%),其他物种所占比例是47.61%。在GO数据库中比对到27 488个unigenes,可分为分子功能、细胞组分和生物学进程三大类共59个过程;利用KOG数据库功能注释分为25类,注释到unigenes 最多功能类别的是普通功能,共 4 666个,最少的是与细胞移动相关,共40个;将80 320个unigenes映射到KEGG数据库中,21 104条unigens注释到代谢通路35个,占26.27%,注释最多的代谢途径是转录途径,共涉及到2 037条unigenes。从NR数据库中共注释到8个气味受体(odorant receptor, OR)基因、7个离子型受体(ionotropic receptor, IR)基因和6个味觉受体(gustatory receptor, GR)基因,各组织中的基因表达量分析发现,这3类化学感受相关基因在成虫触角中的表达量显著高于其他组织中的表达量,雌、雄触角中表达量差异最显著的为 AzanOR 1,而在雌、雄成虫足中这3类化学感受相关基因表达量没有差异。【结论】本研究首次获得了花椒窄吉丁转录组数据,为进一步研究花椒窄吉丁的基因功能奠定了分子基础。     

火炬松热胁迫cDNA文库的表达谱分析

以火炬松热胁迫cDNA文库的EST序列为材料,对EST序列进行聚类、拼接等处理后,再进行Blast同源比对以及基因GO注释分析。研究结果如下:从Forest TreeDB数据库中下载了火炬松热胁迫cDNA文库的所有EST序列,共4 283条。EST序列经CAP3拼接后,获得2 062个UniGene,其中934个Contig,1 128个Singletons。对UniGene进行同源检索,按照GO的分子功能、生物过程和细胞组分三个不同分类角度分类,被赋予功能的基因数累计达4 661个,但365个(17.7%)的序列与核酸和蛋白数据库无序列同源性,即17.7%为新发现的基因。经对所有具有功能的基因研究发现,受外界胁迫表达的抗逆相关基因含量较高。上述研究结果对于研究火炬松热胁迫基因表达特征与抗逆分子机制具有一定的借鉴价值,以及开发火炬松新分子标记与开展分子辅助育种具有一定的指导意义。     

分离自苏云金芽胞杆菌的首例细菌乌头酸异构酶TbrA的酶学性质研究(英文)

【目的】乌头酸异构酶(aconitate isomerase,AI)可介导具有多重生物学活性及应用潜力的小分子物质反式乌头酸(trans-aconiticacid,TAA)的合成。本文通过表征来自苏云金芽胞杆菌的生物体首条AI基因(tbrA)的产物——TbrA蛋白的催化性质,填补人们对于AI酶学特性的认识。【方法】我们利用大肠杆菌Rosetta菌株和Ni²⁺柱亲和纯化获得了His6-TbrA蛋白,并在体外通过HPLC检测了产物生成及对应酶活。【结果】TbrA蛋白的最适pH、温度与离子强度分别为8.0,37°C和25 mmol/L。TbrA在10°C时仍保留约60%的活性,展现了较好的耐低温特性。金属离子Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺与还原剂DTT可显著增强TbrA活性,而Fe²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Mn²⁺则强烈抑制TbrA活性。TbrA将顺式乌头酸(cis-aconitic acid,CAA)异构为TAA的正反应K_m、V...     

Preparation and Analysis of an Expressed Sequence Tag Library from the Toxic Dinoflagellate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alexandrium catenella</Emphasis>

Dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium are photosynthetic microalgae that have an extreme importance due to the impact of some toxic species on shellfish aquaculture industry. Alexandrium catenella is the species responsible for the production of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Chile and other geographical areas. We have constructed a cDNA library from midexponential cells of A. catenella grown in culture free of associated bacteria and sequenced 10,850 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that were assembled into 1,021 contigs and 5,475 singletons for a total of 6,496 unigenes. Approximately 41.6% of the unigenes showed similarity to genes with predicted function. A significant number of unigenes showed similarity with genes from other dinoflagellates, plants, and other protists. Among the identified genes, the most expressed correspond to those coding for proteins of luminescence, carbohydrate metabolism, and photosynthesis. The sequences of 9,847 ESTs have been deposited in Gene Bank (accession numbers EX 454357–464203).     

Phylogenetic analysis of six species of pacific abalone (Haliotidae) based on DNA sequences of 16s rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial genes

Six species of abalones (Haliotidae) are found on the Korean coasts. Identification and characterization of these abalones are usually based on morphologic characters. In this research we compared the partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes to identify species using molecular data and to determine their phylogenetic relationships. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 6 species fell into 2 distinct groups which were genetically distant from each other and exhibited little internal phylogenetic resolution. One group included Haliotis discus hannai, H. discus discus, H. madaka, and H. gigantea, while the other group contained H. diversicolor supertexta and H. diversicolor diversicolor. The 16S rRNA sequences were relatively more conserved than to the COI sequences, but both gene sequences provided sufficient phylogenetic information to distinguish among the 6 species of Pacific abalone, and thus could be valuable molecular characters for species identification.