唐松草属植物化学成分及其药理活性研究进展

本文综述了近十年来唐松草属植物化学成分的结构、来源及其药理活性的研究进展。     

钩藤化学成分的研究

从钩藤(Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq.)Jacks.)带钩茎枝分离得到18个化合物,通过波谱学等方法鉴定为乌苏酸(1),27,28-二羧基乌苏酸(2),3β,6β,19α-三羟基乌苏酸(3),noreugenin(4),单棕榈酸甘油酯(5),3-酮-6β,19α-二羟基乌苏酸(6),sumresinolic(7),scopoletin(8),3β,6β,19α,24-四羟基乌苏酸(9),6-酮-3β,19α,23-三羟基齐墩果酸(10),3β,19α,24-三羟基乌苏酸(11),23-醛-3β,6β,19α-三羟基乌苏酸(12),钩藤苷元C(13),β-谷甾醇(14),胡萝卜苷(15),丁香酸(16),cleomiscosin D(17),cleomiscosin B(18).其中化合物4,7,9～11,17,18为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

板凳果属植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

为了进一步对板凳果属植物的深入研究提供参考,现利用CNKI、PubMed等数据库,对近50年来关于板凳果属植物的研究进行系统的归纳,总结了该属的化学成分及其药理作用,发现了其孕甾烷生物碱具有较强的抗肿瘤活性,并提出其对于药理作用机制的研究缺乏及作用机制单一等问题。     

乌檀的组织培养

1植物名称 乌檀[Nauclea officinalis（Pierre ex Pitard）Merr．et Chun],别名为黄羊木、胆木、熊胆树等。     

紫珠叶的化学成分研究Ⅰ

从马鞭草科紫球叶的乙醇提取物中分得5个化合物,经理化性质和光谱数据分别鉴定为：三十五烷（Ⅰ）、α－香树脂醇（Ⅱ）、四十五碳酸（Ⅲ）、5－羟基－4′,3,6,7－四甲氧基－黄酮（Ⅳ）、豆甾醇（Ⅴ）。除豆甾醇外,其余化合物均为首次从该属植物中分得。     

苦丁茶冬青化学成分的结构研究

从苦丁茶冬青叶中分得4个新的三萜酯,及6个已知三萜,其化学结构分别由NMR,MS,IR等方法获得。这4个新三萜酯是:α-香树醇-3β-棕榈酸酯,11-羰基-α-香树醇-β-棕榈酸酯,3β-羟基-羽扇-20(29)-烯-24羰酸甲酯和羽扇-20(29)-烯-24-羰酸甲酯-3β-棕榈酸酯。     

木姜子属化学成分研究概况

木姜子属植物含有生物碱、挥发油、脂肪酸等多种化学成分,本文对其化学成分的研究作一综述,为植物资源的研究和开发提供参考。     

延胡索的化学成分研究(英文)

采用现代分离技术和方法,从延胡索根茎中分离得到17个化合物,通过波谱分析鉴定其结构。包括11个生物碱类化合物,二氢白屈菜红碱(1)、去氢紫堇碱(2)、四氢非洲防己胺(3)、异紫堇球碱(4)、紫堇碱(5)、四氢黄连碱(6)、药根碱(7)、黄连碱(8)、小檗碱(12)、巴马汀(13)和延胡索乙素(14);2个蒽醌类化合物,大黄素(9)和大黄素甲醚(10);1个三萜类化合物,即3β-羟基-齐墩果烷-111,3(18)-二烯-28-酸(11)和3个甾醇类化合物,豆甾醇(15)、β-谷甾醇(16)和胡萝卜苷(17)。其中,化合物9～11首次从该属植物中分离得到,1首次从该种中分离得到。     

吴茱萸的化学成分研究

从吴茱萸中分离得到16个化合物,通过波谱数据和理化性质分别鉴定为:吴茱萸次碱(1)、吴茱萸碱(2)、去氢吴茱萸碱(3)、7β-羟基吴茱萸次碱(4)、吴茱萸果酰胺-Ⅱ(5)、14-甲酰基二氢吴茱萸次碱(6)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(7)、淫羊藿新苷C(8)、橙皮苷(9)、金丝桃苷(10)、吴茱萸内酯(11)、β-谷甾醇(12)、胡萝卜苷(13)、咖啡酸(14)、紫丁香苷(15)、儿茶酚(16).化合物9、15、16为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物15、16为首次从吴茱萸属植物中分离得到.     

星刺卫矛的化学成分研究

为探究卫矛科卫矛属植物星刺卫矛(Euonymus actinocarpus)的化学成分,该文采用正相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和半制备液相HPLC等色谱技术对其进行分离和纯化。结果表明:(1)从星刺卫矛地上部分95%乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物,根据其理化常数和波谱(ESI-MS、¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR)数据鉴定化合物结构为羽扇豆醇(1),蒲公英萜醇(2),表木栓醇(3),槐二醇(4),蒲公英萜酮(5),高粱醇(6),羽扇豆醇乙酸酯(7),木栓酮(8),β-谷甾醇(9),胡萝卜苷(10)。(2)所有化合物均为首次从星刺卫矛中分离得到。(3)星刺卫矛地上部分主要含有三萜和甾体类成分,其中三萜类型以木栓烷型、齐墩果烷型和羽扇豆烷型骨架为主。该研究结果增加了对星刺卫矛物质基础的认识,为开发和利用卫矛属植物资源提供了一定的科学依据。     

Three New Isomeric Indole Alkaloids from Nauclea officinalis

Three new isomeric monoterpene indole alkaloids, naucleofficines I–III ( 1 – 3 , resp.) were isolated from the stems (with bark) of Nauclea officinalis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and single‐crystal diffraction analyses. The cytotoxic activities of 1 – 3 against human colon cancer, human gastric cancer, and human hepatoma cells were also investigated.     

Indole alkoloids from Nauclea officinalis with weak antimalarial activity

Five indole alkaloids (naucleofficines A-E) were isolated from the stems (with bark) of Nauclea officinalis: (E)-2-(1-beta-d-glucopyranosyloxybut-2-en-2-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6,7-dihydro-indolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-4(12H)-one (1), (E)-1-propenyl-12-beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy-2,7,8-trihydro-indolo[2,3-a]pyran[3,4-g]quinolizin-4,5(13H)-dione (2), (E)-2-(1-hydroxybut-2-en-2-yl)-11-beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy-6,7-dihydro-indolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-4(12H)-one (3), (E)-1-propenyl-4-hydroxy-2,4a,7,8,13b,14,14a-hepthydro-(4alpha,4abeta,13balpha,14abeta)indolo[2,3-a]pyran[3,4-g]quinolizin-5(13H)-one (4) and 1-(1-hydroxyethyl)-10-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-indolo[2,3-a]pirydine[3,4-g]quinolizin-5(13H)-one (10-hydroxyangustoline) (5), together with two known compounds, naucleidinal (6) and angustoline (7). All of the structures of the seven compounds above were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including use of 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 2 and 3 are rare examples of monoterpene indole alkaloids with a glucopyranosyloxy group attached to position C-12. In vitro activity screening of the above seven compounds showed weak to moderate inhibitory activity against Plasmodium falciparum.     

巴戟天挥发性成分研究

目的：研究巴戟天中的挥发性成分。方法：利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取巴戟天（Radix morindae offtcinalis）挥发油,用GC—MS进行测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：鉴定出34个化学成分,其中相对百分含量大于2％的分别确定为L-龙脑（Bomeol L）29．28％,α-姜烯（Alpha—Zingiberene）4．88％,2-甲基-6-对甲基苯基-2-庚烯（Ar-Cureumene）4．49％,1-己醇（1-Hexanol）3．40％,β-倍半水芹烯（beta—sesquiphellandrene）3．34％,2-戊基呋喃（2-Amylfuran）3．32％,正壬醛（n—nonanal）2．17％,樟脑（L—camphor）2．07％,β-没药烯（bete—Bisabolene）2．06％。结论：34个挥发性成分均为首次从该植物中得到。     

药用野生稻挥发油对褐飞虱的驱避作用与化学成分

用四臂嗅觉仪测定了药用野生稻(Oryza officinalis)挥发油对褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)行为选择的干扰作用。结果表明,在100和200mL/min流量下,药用野生稻挥发油对褐飞虱具有显著的驱避作用,与对照相比,供试褐飞虱较少选择药物处理区,且在处理区的滞留时间明显缩短。进一步采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对药用野生稻挥发油进行了化学成份分析,表明该挥发油主要成份是羰基化合物,其中含量最高的为4-乙烯基-2-甲氧苯酚(22.99%)和2,3-苯并二氢呋喃(10.80%)。推测含量较高的2,3-苯并二氢呋喃和4-乙烯基-2-甲氧苯酚可能是药用野生稻对褐飞虱的驱避活性成份。     

Study on Antibiotic Constituents of Nanclea officinalis Pierre ex Pitard

Nauclea officinalis pierre ex Pitard is a Chinese traditional and herbal drug for antibiotics and anti-inflammation. Four compounds have been isolated from it and identified as naucleidinal, quinovaic acid, β-sitosterol and alkaloid C20H14N202. Two alkaloids have inhibiting effect on bacteria. The structure of C20H14N202 will be identified later.     

The Chemical Constituents from Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim.

Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim. is endemic in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It has been widely used in Tibetan traditional medicine. From the methanol extracts of this species, eight compounds were isolated and identified as oleanolic acid ( Ⅰ ), ursolic acid ( Ⅱ ), daucosterol (Ⅲ), skimmin (Ⅳ), eosmosiin (Ⅴ), pedalitin (Ⅵ), pedaliin (Ⅶ), and a new natural product pedaliin-6″-acetate ( ⅩⅢ ).     

Natural indole butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors from Nauclea officinalis

Nine monoterpenoid indole alkaloids; naucletine (1), angustidine (2), nauclefine (3), angustine (4), naucline (5), angustoline (6), harmane (7), 3,14-dihydroangustoline (8), strictosamide (9) and one quinoline alkaloid glycoside; pumiloside (10) from Nauclea officinalis were tested for cholinesterase inhibitory activity. All the alkaloids except for pumiloside (10) showed strong to weak BChE inhibitory effect with IC₅₀ values ranging between 1.02-168.55 μM. Angustidine (2), nauclefine (3), angustine (4), angustoline (6) and harmane (7) showed higher BChE inhibiting potency compared to galanthamine. Angustidine (2) was the most potent inhibitor towards both AChE and BChE. Molecular docking (MD) studies showed that angustidine (2) docked deep into the bottom gorge of hBChE and formed hydrogen bonding with Ser 198 and His 438. Kinetic study of angustidine (2) on BChE suggested a mixed inhibition mode with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 6.12 μM.     

蒙桑叶化学成分研究

运用大孔吸附树脂、离子交换树脂、硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等色谱方法对蒙桑Morus mongolica叶的化学成分进行分离纯化,分离得到了10个化合物。通过NMR等波谱技术确定化合物的结构,分别鉴定为l-脱氧野尻霉素(1)、Fagomine(2)、肌醇c(3)、moracin M(4)、moracin M3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5)、umbelliferone(6)、scopoletin(7)、syringaresinol(8)、2,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone(9)和胡萝卜苷(10)。其中化合物2、3、5～10为首次从该植物中分离得到的,化合物9为一新天然产物。     

Bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids from Nauclea officinalis

Two new monoterpene indole alkaloids, naucleaoffines A (1) and B (2), together with six known alkaloids (3–8), were isolated from the stems and leaves of Nauclea officinalis. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and the known compounds were identified by comparisons with the data reported in literature. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities and anti-HIV-1 activities. Compounds 1–8 exhibited significant inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in vitro with IC₅₀ values comparable to that of hydrocortisone. In addition, compounds 1–8 showed significant anti-HIV-1 activities with EC₅₀ ranged from 0.06 to 2.08 µM. These findings suggest that the discoveries of these indole alkaloids with significant anti-inflammatory activities and anti-HIV-1 activities isolated from N. officinalis could be of great importance to the development of new anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV agents.