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1.
复叶植物相比单叶植物更具生长优势,但复叶内部小叶性状及其相关关系是否受到着生位置影响尚未可知。该研究以东北典型复叶植物水曲柳(Fraxinusmandshurica)为研究对象,测定复叶内部不同着生位置小叶的叶厚(LT)、叶面积(LA)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶氮含量(LNC)和叶磷含量(LPC),分析上述6种小叶性状及其生长关系在复叶内部的变异,并分别通过最小显著性差异(LSD)法以及标准化主轴(SMA)法检验着生位置对小叶性状及性状间生长关系是否存在显著影响。结果表明:(1) LT、LA、LDMC和LNC随小叶着生位置级别增加(从复叶顶端至复叶基部)呈减小趋势,但SLA和LPC呈增大趋势。(2)复叶内部, LNC与SLA间以及LT与LDMC间表现为同速生长关系, LT、SLA、LPC 3个性状与LA间, SLA、LNC、LPC 3个性状与LDMC间以及LPC与LT间均表现为异速生长关系。(3)小叶着生位置对LA与LT、SLA、LPC之间的相关关系存在显著影响, LT、SLA与LA的斜率在三级小叶(复叶中部)附近达到最大值, LT、LPC与LA的斜率绝对值在六...  相似文献   

2.
利用合丰25×东农7296系谱法经5个世代选育获得多小叶突变体,并以其作为父本分别与4个小叶正常的栽培大豆配制杂交组合的F1、F2为试验材料,进行多小叶类型的遗传分析。结果表明:小叶数正常的不同大豆亲本与多小叶大豆杂交(3叶×5叶),F1全部植株均表现为5叶,说明5叶性状是受显性核基因控制;不同组合3片叶、3+4片叶、3+5片叶、3+4+5片叶、4+5片叶和5片叶类型组成遗传分离模式存在显著差异,而在3片叶和>3片叶的遗传分离模式相同。杂交F2单株复叶为3片叶和>3片叶的个体分离的比例呈1∶3,符合1对显性单基因的遗传规律。因此,该多小叶突变体牡5796-3的复叶数受1对显性基因控制,该多小叶突变体可作为新种质用于大豆遗传育种及基因克隆和功能研究。  相似文献   

3.
干旱胁迫对丹参叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的影响   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
研究了干旱处理15d后,大叶型丹参和小叶型丹参2个品种幼苗气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的变化.结果表明:在干旱胁迫15d后,大叶型丹参叶片净光合速率(Pn)和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)分别下降了66.42%和10.98%,而小叶型丹参的Pn和Fv/Fm分别下降了29.32%和5.47%,干旱胁迫对大叶型丹参Pn和Fv/Fm的影响明显大于小叶型丹参.小叶型丹参Pn下降主要由气孔因素造成,而大叶型则主要由非气孔因素所致.干旱胁迫使丹参叶片的气孔导度(Gs)下降,但明显诱导了水分利用效率(WUE)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)和光呼吸速率与净光合速率比率(Pr/Pn)的增加,以提高干旱胁迫抗性.其中小叶型丹参的增幅明显大于大叶型丹参.表明小叶型丹参的抗干旱胁迫能力更强.  相似文献   

4.
青藏高原早熟甘蓝型春油菜遗传资源研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用SSR和SRAP 2种分子标记研究了69份试验材料的遗传差异及其亲缘关系.29对SSR标记共扩增出118条多态性带,多态性位点占总扩增位点的97.5%,27对SRAP引物扩增出123条多态性带,多态性比率为70.3%.两种标记聚类结果表明.在相似系数0.566处所有材料可以分为A、B 2个大类群;B类在相似系数0.620处又可分为7个亚类,10个天然双低早熟甘蓝型品系、2个甘蓝型亲本和4个新型品系聚在第1亚类中,其余的51个新型甘蓝型油菜品系分别聚在其他6个亚类中.对55份新型品系进行遗传成分分析,结果表明,每个品系都合有4种带型,各品系所舍不同带所占比率不同.对各品系中含有白菜型亲本带所占比率分别与其对应的两亲本之间的遗传距离进行相关分析,结果表明新型甘蓝型油菜品系中白菜型亲本带所占比率与白菜型素本间的遗传距离为负相关(-0.52),且达到极显著水平;与甘蓝型亲本间的遗传距离为正相关(0.31),且达到显著水平.对试验材料之间的遗传距离及其来源进行分析(除与2个白菜型亲本间),遗传距离排名前20位的都来自新型品系之间或天然品系与新型之间,最大为0.544.  相似文献   

5.
摘要:利用SSR和SRAP两种分子标记研究了71份实验材料的遗传差异及其亲缘关系。结果表明:(1) 29对SSR标记共扩增出121条清晰地带,多态性位点分别占总扩增位点的97.5%,而27对SRAP引物扩增出175条清晰地带,多态性比率为70.3%。(2)两种标记混合聚类结果表明,在相似系数0.566处所有材料可以分为A、B两个大类群。B类在相似系数0.620处又可分为六个亚类,10个天然双低早熟甘蓝型品系、两个甘蓝型亲本和四个新型品系聚在第Ⅰ亚类中,其余的51个新型甘蓝型油菜品系分别聚在其他五个亚类中。(3)对55份新型品系进行遗传成分分析,结果表明,每个品系都含有四种带型,不同品系中不同带型所占总带数的比率不同;对新型甘蓝型品系中含有白菜型亲本特有的带所占比率分别与其和对应的甘蓝型和白菜型亲本之间的遗传距离进行相关分析,结果表明新型甘蓝型品系中白菜型亲本特有的带所占比率与其和白菜型亲本之间的遗传距离为负相关(-0.52),达到极显著水平;与其和甘蓝型亲本间的遗传距离为正相关(0.31),达到显著水平。(4)对实验材料之间的遗传距离及其来源进行分析(除与两个白菜型亲本间),遗传距离排前20位的都来自新型品系之间或天然品系与新型之间,且最大的达到0.544。  相似文献   

6.
对胡桃楸、水曲柳和黄菠萝叶出生和死亡过程的分析表明,它们的叶出生是一个渐进过程,持续期可达40~65d,不同时期出生的叶可形成明显的龄级结构。小叶生长过程基本上呈S型。叶死亡过程可分为小叶和复叶两种情况,初期落叶以小叶为主,凋落量少、速度慢;而后整个复叶才开始凋落,使落叶数量和速度加快,整个落叶期仅在30~35d左右。小叶凋落过程属于DeeveyⅠ型存活曲线,复叶凋落过程基本符合DeeveyⅡ型存活曲线。  相似文献   

7.
采用RAPD技术对10个具较大地理跨度的小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿种群的遗传多样性和遗传关系进行了研究.共检测到678个位点,多态条带比率(PPB)为100%;特有位点41个,占6.05%.总体上3种锦鸡儿的遗传多样性表现出自东向西递减的趋势,分析表明其与生长地点年均气温呈显著负相关.AMOVA表明:3种锦鸡儿种间变异只占总体变异的6.08%,且显著性检验表明这种变异不显著;种内种群间的变异占总变异的11.90%;总变异的主要部分来自种群内部(82.02%). 3种锦鸡儿各种群总体分析结果表明:种群内变异比率Hpop/Hsp为0.8013,基因分化系数Gst为0.1603,种群每代迁移数Nm为2.6192,显示种群间存在一定强度的基因流,3种锦鸡儿间表现为异交性.3种锦鸡儿多样性高低及种群聚类分布格局都表现出一定的地理连续性.  相似文献   

8.
以不同生境的五柱绞股蓝为材料,对4个不同来源的五柱绞股蓝的叶片性状、裂叶数进行了统计,并以芦丁为对照品,采用分光光度法对4个居群五柱绞股蓝的总黄酮含量进行了测定。结果表明,五柱绞股蓝的叶型变异较大,其复叶具有3-9裂叶型类型,以7裂叶型和5裂叶型为主。相关性统计显示,野生型五柱绞股蓝黄酮含量高,与7裂叶型极显著相关,家种型五柱绞股蓝黄酮含量低,与叶型无关,环境因子可能是影响其黄酮含量的主要因子。在引种时,7裂叶型的五柱绞股蓝可作为优选资源引用。  相似文献   

9.
王文采  杨俊  谢晋 《广西植物》2016,36(Z1):97-99
描述了发现自安徽的毛茛科毛茛属一新种,怀宁毛茛。此新种与猫爪草在亲缘关系上甚为相近,与后者的区别在于本种的植株具丝形,有块根的匍匐茎,具三出复叶的基生叶的二侧生小叶分裂成二不等大的小叶,心皮的花柱比子房稍短或与子房等长。  相似文献   

10.
蕨类植物的黄酮类成分及其系统学意义   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
蕨类植物的黄酮类成分以比较原始的结构类型为主,少数类群也拥有相当进化的类型。双黄酮,黄酮醇,白花色甙及原花色甙对于蕨类植物的系统学研究具有重要意义。化学证据表明小叶型蕨类较大叶型真蕨类原始,厚囊蕨类较薄囊蕨类原始等。  相似文献   

11.
The early ontogeny of the pinnately, palmately, and ternately compound leaves in the Lardizabalaceae was studied by SEM. The leaf primordium of each of the three leaf types emerges as an identical short protrusion on the shoot apex; the leaf primordium produces the first leaflet initials laterally on its margin. Successive acropetal growth of the leaf axis and the following inception of the leaflet primordia are responsible for the pinnately compound leaf, whereas short basipetal growth accompanied with initiation of two or more pairs of leaflet initials results in a palmately compound leaf. If no elongation of the leaf axis nor additional inception of leaflet primordia occur during early ontogeny, a ternate leaf ensues.  相似文献   

12.
Recent developmental studies suggest that the compound leaf is a more or less incompletely developed shoot. Instead of treating compound leaves and shoots as non-homologous, this interpretation draws a continuum between them. The present work considers the plant as a hierarchical series of units on which similar developmental processes are at work, and where each level (shoot, compound leaf, leaflet) is 'repeated' by the next higher level. Measurements related to the expression of developmental processes operating on leaves at the shoot level and on leaflets at the compound leaf level were used to determine if similar processes are at work at these different levels during early stages of organogenesis. Plants with compound leaves showing acropetal leaflet inception, representing a total of 16 species from ten eudicot families, were studied. Based on several types of quantitative analyses, there appears to be a continuum between so-called shoots, compound leaves and leaflets in the species studied. This perspective, qualified as dynamic morphology, both parallels and complements the classical interpretation.  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 143, 219−230.  相似文献   

13.
In the development of tomato compound leaves, local auxin maxima points, separated by the expression of the Aux/IAA protein SlIAA9/ENTIRE (E), direct the formation of discrete leaflets along the leaf margin. The local auxin maxima promote leaflet initiation, while E acts between leaflets to inhibit auxin response and lamina growth, enabling leaflet separation. Here, we show that a group of auxin response factors (ARFs), which are targeted by miR160, antagonizes auxin response and lamina growth in conjunction with E. In wild‐type leaf primordia, the miR160‐targeted ARFs SlARF10A and SlARF17 are expressed in leaflets, and SlmiR160 is expressed in provascular tissues. Leaf overexpression of the miR160‐targeted ARFs SlARF10A, SlARF10B or SlARF17, led to reduced lamina and increased leaf complexity, and suppressed auxin response in young leaves. In agreement, leaf overexpression of miR160 resulted in simplified leaves due to ectopic lamina growth between leaflets, reminiscent of e leaves. Genetic interactions suggest that E and miR160‐targeted ARFs act partially redundantly but are both required for local inhibition of lamina growth between initiating leaflets. These results show that different types of auxin signal antagonists act cooperatively to ensure leaflet separation in tomato leaf margins.  相似文献   

14.
Summary Three types of spots can be identified on the leaves of heterozygous light green, Y/y, Glycine max (L.) Merrill: dark green (D) and aurea (A) single spots (resembling the phenotypes of the homozygotes) and double (Db) spots consisting of adjacent D and A tissue. X-irradiation increased the frequency of each type of spot on simple and first compound leaves. The Db spots, indicative of mitotic crossing-over (MCO), increase linearly with increasing dosage. Moisture content of the seeds was independent of the rate of spot increase. At high dosages morphological alterations were observed, including spots on homozygotes, leaf area reduction, smaller seedlings, and abnormal leaf shapes. The frequency of light green spots on normal dark green, Y/Y, seedlings was tabulated and, as with all other spot types, increased with increasing X-ray dosage. Dormant soybean seeds contain leaf primordia of both simple and first compound leaves. Mature simple leaves contained more spots, reflecting a larger primordial cell number, while first compound leaves had larger spots, since each affected cell underwent more mitoses prior to leaf maturation. Within first compound leaves, the terminal leaflets developed asynchronously in relation to the lateral leaflets. Terminal leaflets were shown to be initiated first, have a larger percentage of the leaflet area covered with spots, and have larger mature leaflet area. The spontaneous rate of MCO, 3.39×10–5 MCO events per mitosis, was increased 282-fold by 1600 R. We also ascertained that Mitomycin C is more specific for Db spot induction than X-rays. These results are compared with our similar irradiation experiments on tobacco shoot apices.  相似文献   

15.
Zhou C  Han L  Hou C  Metelli A  Qi L  Tadege M  Mysore KS  Wang ZY 《The Plant cell》2011,23(6):2106-2124
Compound leaf development requires highly regulated cell proliferation, differentiation, and expansion patterns. We identified loss-of-function alleles at the SMOOTH LEAF MARGIN1 (SLM1) locus in Medicago truncatula, a model legume species with trifoliate adult leaves. SLM1 encodes an auxin efflux carrier protein and is the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1). Auxin distribution is impaired in the slm1 mutant, resulting in pleiotropic phenotypes in different organs. The most striking change in slm1 is the increase in the number of terminal leaflets and a simultaneous reduction in the number of lateral leaflets, accompanied by reduced expression of SINGLE LEAFLET1 (SGL1), an ortholog of LEAFY. Characterization of the mutant indicates that distinct developmental domains exist in the formation of terminal and lateral leaflets. In contrast with the pinnate compound leaves in the wild type, the slm1 sgl1 double mutant shows nonpeltately palmate leaves, suggesting that the terminal leaflet primordium in M. truncatula has a unique developmental mechanism. Further investigations on the development of leaf serrations reveal different ontogenies between distal serration and marginal serration formation as well as between serration and leaflet formation. These data suggest that regulation of the elaboration of compound leaves and serrations is context dependent and tightly correlated with the auxin/SLM1 module in M. truncatula.  相似文献   

16.
In compound leaves, leaflet primordia are initiated directionally along the lateral sides. Our understanding of the molecular basis of leaflet initiation has improved, but the regulatory mechanisms underlying spatio-temporal patterns remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of acropetal (from the base to the tip) progression of leaflet initiation in Eschscholzia californica. We established an ultraviolet-laser ablation system to manipulate compound-leaf development. Local ablation at the leaflet incipient site generated leaves with asymmetric morphology. In the majority of cases, leaflets that were initiated on the ablated sides shifted apically. Finite time-course observation revealed that the timing of leaflet initiation was delayed, but the distance from the leaf tip did not decrease. These results were suggestive of the local spacing mechanism in leaflet initiation, whereby the distance from the leaf tip and adjacent pre-existing leaflet determines the position of leaflet initiation. To understand how such a local patterning mechanism generates a global pattern of successive leaflet initiation, we assessed the growth rate gradient along the apical–basal axis. Our time-course analysis revealed differential growth rates along the apical–basal axis of the leaf, which can explain the acropetal progression of leaflet initiation. We propose that a leaflet is initiated at a site where the distances from pre-existing leaflets and the leaf tip are sufficient. Furthermore, the differential growth rate may be a developmental factor underlying the directionality of leaflet initiation.  相似文献   

17.
Luo JH  Yan J  Weng L  Yang J  Zhao Z  Chen JH  Hu XH  Luo D 《Cell research》2005,15(8):665-677
Recent studies on leaf development demonstrate that the mechanism on the adaxial-abaxial polarity pattern formation could be well conserved among the far-related species, in which PHANTASTICA (PAHN)-Iike genes play important roles. In this study, we explored the conservation and diversity on functions of PHAN-Iike genes during the compound leaf development in Lotusjaponicus, a papilionoid legume. Two PHAN-Iike genes in L. japonicus, LjPHANa and LjPHANb, were found to originate from a gene duplication event and displayed different expression patterns during compound leaf development. Two mutants, reduced leafletsl (rell) and reduced leaflets3 (rel3), which exhibited decreased adaxial identity of leaflets and reduced leaflet initiation, were identified and investigated. The expression patterns of both LjPHANs in rel mutants were altered and correlated with abnormalities of compound leaves. Our data suggest that LjPHANa and LjPHANb play important but divergent roles in regulating adaxial-abaxial polarity of compound leaves in L. japonicus.  相似文献   

18.
INTRODUCTION The leaf organs of higher plants can be classified as simple or compound leaves. Compound leaves are found in distantly related groups, and differ from simple leaves in that each petiole bears multiple leaflets lacking auxiliary buds [1, 2]. …  相似文献   

19.
Recent work on species with simple leaves suggests that the juxtaposition of abaxial (lower) and adaxial (upper) cell fates (dorsiventrality) in leaf primordia is necessary for lamina outgrowth. However, how leaf dorsiventral symmetry affects leaflet formation in species with compound leaves is largely unknown. In four non-allelic dorsiventrality-defective mutants in tomato, wiry, wiry3, wiry4 and wiry6, partial or complete loss of ab-adaxiality was observed in leaves as well as in lateral organs in the flower, and the number of leaflets in leaves was reduced significantly. Morphological analyses and expression patterns of molecular markers for ab-adaxiality [LePHANTASTICA (LePHAN) and LeYABBY B (LeYAB B)] indicated that ab-adaxial cell fates were altered in mutant leaves. Reduction in expression of both LeT6 (a tomato KNOX gene) and LePHAN during post-primordial leaf development was correlated with a reduction in leaflet formation in the wiry mutants. LePHAN expression in LeT6 overexpression mutants suggests that LeT6 is a negative regulator of LePHAN. KNOX expression is known to be correlated with leaflet formation and we show that LeT6 requires LePHAN activity to form leaflets. These phenotypes and gene expression patterns suggest that the abaxial and adaxial domains of leaf primordia are important for leaflet primordia formation, and thus also important for compound leaf development. Furthermore, the regulatory relationship between LePHAN and KNOX genes is different from that proposed for simple-leafed species. We propose that this change in the regulatory relationship between KNOX genes and LePHAN plays a role in compound leaf development and is an important feature that distinguishes simple leaves from compound leaves.  相似文献   

20.
Leaf structure in Doxantha unguis-cati is polymorphic. The usual mature compound leaf is composed of two lanceolate leaflets and a terminal tripartite spine-tendril. Leaf primordia are initiated simultaneously in pairs on opposite flanks of the shoot apical meristem by periclinal cell divisions in the third subsurface layer of the peripheral flank meristem. Two leaflet primordia are the first lateral appendages of the compound leaf. Initiation of these leaflet primordia occurs on the adaxial side of a compound leaf primordium 63–70 μm long. Lamina formation is initiated at the base of a leaflet primordium 70–90 μm long and continues acropetally. Mesophyll differentiation occurs in later stages of development of leaflets. The second pair of lateral appendages of the leaf primordium differentiate as prongs of the tendril. Initiation of the second pair of lateral appendages occurs on the adaxial side of a primordium approximately 168 μm long. Acropetal procambialization and vacuolation of cells extend to the apex of tendrils about 112 μm long, restricting the tendril meristem to the adaxial side of the primordium and resulting in curvature of the tendril. The tendril meristem is gradually limited to a more basipetal position as elongation of apical cells continues. Initiatory divisions and early ontogenetic stages of leaflets and tendrils are similar. Their ontogeny differs when the lateral primordia are approximately 70 μm long. Marginal and submarginal initials differentiate within leaflets but not in tendrils. Apical growth of tendrils ceases very early in ontogeny as compared with leaflets.  相似文献   

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