RANTES衍生物与HIV-1进入抑制剂

HIV-1-1进入抑制剂的研究是近年来艾滋病药物研发领域的新热点,其中最受关注的是以CCR5为靶点的新药研发。CCR5是病毒进入细胞的主要辅助受体,在HIV-1进入宿主细胞过程中起着非常重要的作用。作为CCR5的天然配体,CC类的趋化因子RANTES、MIP-1α和MIP-1β都是极具潜力的HIV-1抑制剂,特别是有关对RANTES的定向设计的研究尤为引人关注,其目的是设计出一种既有很强的抗病毒能力而又不引发炎症反应的HIV-1拮抗剂。就RANTES衍生物应用于抑制HIV进入细胞方面的研究进行了综述。     

人RANTES基因克隆及其体外表达

1995年,Cocchi等[1]发现RANTES、MIP-1α和MIP-1β等β-趋化因子具有抗HIV-1感染活性.1997年,Feng等[2]和Deng等[3]证实β-趋化因子受体CXCR4和CCR5分别是HIV-1侵染T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的辅助受体(co-receptor).T淋巴细胞嗜性(T-tropism)分离株被称为X4毒株,巨噬细胞嗜性(M-tropism)分离株则被称为R5毒株[4].RANTES与CCR5有着高度的亲和力,二者的结合可对HIV-1的细胞附着产生空间位阻效应,并下调CCR5在细胞表面的表达.这一结果使RANTES抗HIV-1感染机制在分子水平上得到合理的解释.最近,Garzino-Demo等[5]证明,β-趋化因子的诱导分泌与HIV-1感染后疾病进程的控制有着密切的关系,而且人群中β-趋化因子水平存在着显著的个体差异,表明β-趋化因子对艾滋病具有潜在的预防和治疗价值.为此,我们在克隆人RAN-TES基因的基础上,在体外转录与翻译系统中实现了该基因的表达,有利于今后进一步开展艾滋病的基因治疗.     

重组人β趋化因子RANTES基因融合表达产物活性分析

为研制基于病毒受体的抗艾滋病毒感染基因药物 ,将重组人 β趋化因子RANTES基因导入大肠杆菌中表达谷胱甘肽S 转移酶 (GST) RANTES融合蛋白 ,并回收携带末端延伸肽 (TEP)的RANTES修饰蛋白 .荧光免疫化学分析表明 ,2种非天然RANTES蛋白均显示对人外周血淋巴细胞的结合活性 .暗示在细胞表面可能已发生RANTES与CCR5之间的相互作用 .2种修饰RANTES蛋白都能使人外周血细胞的过氧化物酶活性显著升高 ,提示这 2个人造蛋白可能仍存在对淋巴细胞的趋化性诱导 .     

趋化因子受体 CCR5 亲合短肽的筛选

趋化因子受体 5 (CCR5) 是 HIV-1 与宿主细胞结合的辅助因子之一,其功能缺失或被 CCR5 拮抗剂封闭则会阻止 HIV-1 感染细胞 . 为得到与 CCR5 特异结合的肽类拮抗剂,采用噬菌体展示技术,以稳定表达 CCR5 的 CHO 细胞 (CHO/CCR5) 作为靶标,通过噬菌体随机 12 肽库筛选与 CCR5 特异结合的多肽;经过四轮筛选后,挑选 20 个阳性噬菌体克隆进行测序,从中得到 11 个含有 AFDWTFVPSLIL 序列的小分子肽 . 含该序列的噬菌体能与抗人 CCR5 单抗 (2D7) 竞争性结合 CCR5 ,且合成肽 AFDWTFVPSLIL 对趋化因子 RANTES 与 CHO/CCR5 的结合具有明显的抑制作用,初步证明该小肽与 CCR5 具有特异性结合作用 .     

核糖糖基化BSA单体对SH-SY5Y细胞的毒性明显

研究显示,蛋白质异常修饰形成的寡聚体,与其多聚体、淀粉样纤维相比,具有更强的细胞毒性．这一发现被认为是蛋白质错误折叠和聚集研究领域中的重要进展．蛋白质的异常修饰如还原糖的非酶糖基化,是糖尿病最基本的病理特征．2型糖尿病患者尿液中的核糖浓度显著升高,表明糖尿病不仅与葡萄糖代谢紊乱相关,同时也与核糖代谢失调相关．以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为研究对象,通过荧光分光光度计检测、原子力显微镜、透射电子显微镜观察以及分子排阻色谱分离,观察到核糖糖基化能够诱导BSA聚集,从单体、寡聚体逐渐形成多聚体．通过CCK-8 Kit、乳酸脱氢酶细胞活性检测、TUNEL染色、caspase-3活性检测以及流式细胞检测等方法,发现核糖糖基化的BSA单体对SH-SY5Y细胞(人神经母细胞瘤细胞系)具有明显的毒性,与此同时,糖化寡聚体和多聚体没有表现出显著的毒性．进一步研究发现,核糖糖基化的BSA单体通过与AGEs的受体RAGE相互作用,激活细胞内的MAPK通路,从而导致细胞凋亡．     

核糖糖基化BSA单体对SH-SY5Y细胞的毒性明显（英文）

研究显示,蛋白质异常修饰形成的寡聚体,与其多聚体、淀粉样纤维相比,具有更强的细胞毒性.这一发现被认为是蛋白质错误折叠和聚集研究领域中的重要进展.蛋白质的异常修饰如还原糖的非酶糖基化,是糖尿病最基本的病理特征.2型糖尿病患者尿液中的核糖浓度显著升高,表明糖尿病不仅与葡萄糖代谢紊乱相关,同时也与核糖代谢失调相关.以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为研究对象,通过荧光分光光度计检测、原子力显微镜、透射电子显微镜观察以及分子排阻色谱分离,观察到核糖糖基化能够诱导BSA聚集,从单体、寡聚体逐渐形成多聚体.通过CCK-8 Kit、乳酸脱氢酶细胞活性检测、TUNEL染色、caspase-3活性检测以及流式细胞检测等方法,发现核糖糖基化的BSA单体对SH-SY5Y细胞(人神经母细胞瘤细胞系)具有明显的毒性,与此同时,糖化寡聚体和多聚体没有表现出显著的毒性.进一步研究发现,核糖糖基化的BSA单体通过与AGEs的受体RAGE相互作用,激活细胞内的MAPK通路,从而导致细胞凋亡.     

病毒巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-Ⅱ对载脂蛋白B mRNA编辑酶催化样蛋白3G和正常T细胞表达分泌的调节活化蛋白表达的影响

目的:明确病毒巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-II(viral macrophage inflammatory protein-II,vMIP-II)对HIV-1抑制因子:载脂蛋白BmRNA编辑酶催化蛋白3G(apolipoproteon B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-3G,APOBEC 3G)和正常T细胞表达分泌的调节活化蛋白(regulated upon activation normal T expressed and secreted,RANTES)表达的影响。方法:构建vMIP-II真核表达载pEGFP-N3-vMIP-II,分别采用电穿孔和脂质体转染的方法将其转染至Jurkat和293T细胞。荧光定量PCR检测vMIP-II基因对Jurkat细胞和293T细胞内的抗艾滋病基因APOBEC3G和RANTES表达水平的影响。结果:测序结果显示成功构建了的vMIP-II真核表达载体,荧光显微镜观察估计转染效率达到50%左右。与空载体组相比较,转染pEGFP-N3-vMIP-II组的Jurkat细胞内的APOBEC3G和RANTES分别上调4.97倍和7.31倍,293T细胞内的APOBEC3G和RANTES分别上调为5.73倍和8.14倍。结论:vMIP-II基因不同程度的上调了Jurkat细胞和293T细胞内的抗艾滋病基因APOBEC3G和RANTES的表达。     

表皮生长因子受体在三阴性乳腺癌细胞膜表面的电镜单分子成像研究

目的:利用电镜对三阴性乳腺癌细胞表面的表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)进行超高分辨单分子成像研究。方法:在ITO导电玻璃上培养三阴性乳腺癌细胞系MB-231,经甲醛固定后先与生物素修饰的EGFR特异的核酸适配体孵育,再与链霉亲和素修饰的金纳米颗粒孵育,用生理盐水清洗后,利用扫描电镜对细胞膜表面EGFR分子进行纳米尺度下的超高分辨成像研究。结果:在三阴性乳腺癌细胞膜表面,EGFR可以单体、二聚体和多聚体的形式存在,经统计在常规培养条件下单体比例为36.98%,二聚体比例为12.22%,多聚体比例为50.80%。结论:EGFR在三阴性乳腺癌细胞膜表面主要以包括二聚体在内的多聚体形式存在,所占其总数的比例超过了62%。     

建立稳定表达人RANTES基因的夏枯草细胞克隆

为了在中药细胞中表达人源有用基因 ,以增强其特异药理活性 ,将克隆自人外周血淋巴细胞 (PBL)mRNA的RANTES基因经Ti质粒衍生的中间表达载体pROKII导入携带pAL44 0 4质粒的根癌农杆菌LBA44 0 4菌株中 ,并采用叶盘共培养法转化离体培养夏枯草细胞 ,经Southern杂交确认RANTES基因在转化细胞基因组中的整合 ,用RT -PCR扩增、Western印迹杂交和酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA)分析转化细胞中RANTES基因的表达 ,以PBL的过氧化物酶活性作为重组RANTES对细胞趋化性诱导的检测指标。结果表明 ,RANTES基因已在转基因夏枯草细胞中整合 ,并已形成稳定表达RANTES基因的细胞克隆 ,为进一步培育具有特异药理活性的转基因夏枯草植株打下了基础。     

建立稳定表达人RANTES基因的夏枯草细胞克隆

为了在中药细胞中表达人源有用基因,以增强其特异药理活性,将克隆自人外周血淋巴细胞（PBL）mRNA的RANTES基因经Ti质粒衍生的中间表达载体pROKII导入携带pAL4404质粒的根癌农杆菌LBA4404菌株中,并采用叶盘共培养法转化离体培养夏枯草细胞,经Southern杂交确认RANTES基因在转化细胞基因组中的整合,用RT-PCR扩增、Western印迹杂交和酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）分析转化细胞中RANTES基因的表达,以PBL的过氧化物酶活性作为重组RANTES对细胞趋化性诱导的检测指标。结果表明,RANTES基因已在转基因夏枯草细胞中整合,并已形成稳定表达RANTES基因的细胞克隆,为进一步培育具有特异药理活性的转基因夏枯草植株打下了基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.