内皮细胞培养中清除成纤维细胞的新方法

在原代细胞培养中很容易混杂成纤维细胞,并且随着传代次数的增加,由于成纤维细胞生长迅速,在培养细胞中所占的比例也日渐增加。本文介绍一种清除成纤维细胞的方法,对各种非成纤维细胞的原代培养有一定参考价值。以往是用0.1％的胶原酶消化法来清除成纤维细胞。但由于胶原酶价格昂贵,故并不     

猪耳皮肤成纤维细胞的培养

本研究以猪耳皮组织为材料,采用胰蛋白酶冷热处理结合法成功地分离和培养了猪耳皮肤成纤维细胞。此方法的细胞存活率相对于胰蛋白酶热处理法较高。传代细胞与原代细胞的形态和生长速度均相似。传代细胞未检测到凋亡现象。细胞已传至15代以上,染色体倍性正常,说明我们所建立的胰蛋白酶冷热处理结合法可以快速有效的分离和培养猪耳皮肤成纤维细胞,并且能稳定的进行传代培养。     

成年SD大鼠心肌原代成纤维细胞分离及培养的优化方案

目的:摸索及优选成年SD大鼠心肌原代成纤维细胞的体外分离、培养及鉴定的实验方法。方法:将成年SD大鼠心脏剪成小组织块,采用以下四种方案(A:0.08%胰酶+0.1%胶原酶II消化15 min,B:0.2%胶原酶II消化15 min,C:0.2%胶原酶II消化60min,D:0.2%胶原酶II消化90 min)提取成年大鼠心脏原代成纤维细胞,再通过差速贴壁分离方法培养原代成纤维细胞。采用倒置显微镜观察成纤维细胞的基本形态特征,并进行Vimentiin免疫荧光染色对培养的原代细胞进行荧光鉴定;采用台盼兰染色对培养的原代成纤维细胞存活率进行鉴定;采用细胞计数对培养的成纤维细胞生长趋势进行鉴定。结果:四种方法均能培养成纤维细胞,但单酶消化60 min可一次性提取较多细胞,并且细胞状态佳,3 d即可传代。72 h成纤维细胞Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性率高达97%。台盼兰染色可见其细胞死亡率明显降低,并且细胞计数可见细胞生长状态极佳。结论:单酶消化60 min是提取成年SD大鼠心肌原代成纤维细胞的高效、快速、稳定的实验方法,为心脏疾病的基础及临床研究提供了较为理想的细胞学实验模型。     

中华鼢鼠成纤维细胞长期培养及其生物学特性分析

中华鼢鼠(Eospalax fontanierii)为蒙古高原代表性动物遗传资源,本研究采集中华鼢鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肌肉、气管、剑状软骨和尾尖皮肤共9种组织用于实验,其中气管、肺和剑状软骨3种组织成功建立成纤维细胞系,传了8代,并分析了这些细胞的生物学特性。主要实验方法是通过细胞计数法计算细胞的贴壁率、冻存前及复苏后的存活率、绘制细胞生长曲线;制备常规染色体标本分析染色体核型。实验结果显示,中华鼢鼠气管、肺、软骨3种组织在体外条件下培养,第3～4天出现成纤维样细胞,原代细胞分别在培养第11天、第16天、第17天,达到90%以上汇合。3种组织来源体细胞均显示成纤维细胞特征,气管成纤维细胞贴壁能力最强,24 h贴壁率最高能达到98.10%,肺成纤维细胞与剑状软骨成纤维细胞贴壁能力较弱,24 h贴壁率最高,分别为95.28%和94.88%。3种来源成纤维细胞生长曲线测定结果显示,气管成纤维细胞的增殖能力最强、肺成纤维细胞次之、剑状软骨成纤维细胞最弱。气管成纤维细胞和肺成纤维细胞在接种后的第6～7天,进入对数生长期。剑状软骨成纤维细胞在接种后第2～3天进入对数生长期。3种成纤维细胞的生长曲线均呈"S"型,其中气管成纤维细胞增殖能力最强,在24孔板的每个孔中,其最大增殖数目为2.435×10~4个,肺成纤维细胞最大增殖数目为1.813×10~4个,剑状软骨成纤维细胞最大增殖数目为1.521×10~4个。核型分析结果显示,中华鼢鼠的成纤维细胞染色体数目为2n=62,30对为常染色体,1对为性染色体。综上所述,本研究成功建立了中华鼢鼠成纤维细胞体外培养体系,并揭示了该物种成纤维细胞的基本生物学特性,为深入研究中华鼢鼠适应低氧高二氧化碳洞道生境的分子生物学和生理学机制提供了条件,为进一步研究其遗传及物种进化提供了实验材料和参考。     

豹猫体细胞建系及其生物学特性分析

研究体外培养豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)细胞的形态、细胞贴壁率、冷冻存活率、生长曲线及细胞核型等生物学特性,为深入开展豹猫基因组学及濒危野生动物保护提供依据。本实验选择豹猫3种组织,即剑状软骨、心和肺,采用组织块贴壁培养法进行体细胞的原代培养;酶消化法完成细胞的传代培养;程序降温完成细胞的冷冻保存;通过细胞计数法计数细胞冷冻存活率;绘制细胞生长曲线;采用常规染色体标本制备技术,对豹猫的染色体核型及G带进行分析。细胞原代培养结果显示,剑状软骨组织在培养第3天出现纤维样细胞、培养6~7 d铺满培养瓶;心组织在培养第5天出现上皮样细胞、12 d铺满培养瓶;肺组织在培养4 d后出现成纤维细胞、8~9 d铺满培养瓶。3种来源体细胞均显示成纤维细胞特征,剑状软骨源细胞最易贴壁、肺源细胞次之、心源细胞最弱。对比3种不同来源体细胞从6代(P6)至12代(P12)冷冻存活率,剑状软骨源细胞冷冻存活率显著下降(冻存前91.0%~97.6%,冻存后76.8%~85.5%,P0.05),心源细胞冷冻存活率亦显著下降(冻存前82.7%~88.1%,冻存后43.7%~80.5%,P0.05),肺源细胞冷冻存活率有下降趋势,但无显著差异(冻存前83.4%~96.8%,冻存后73.9%~93.3%,P0.05)。生长曲线分析显示,3种体细胞均呈"S"型,其中剑状软骨源细胞增殖最快、肺源细胞次之、心源细胞最慢。核型分析结果显示,3种不同来源的成纤维体细胞染色体数目均为2n=38,18对为常染色体,形态类型为6m+10sm+2st,1对为性染色体,X染色体形态类型为m。本研究建立了3种组织来源的豹猫成纤维细胞建系技术及体细胞系,揭示了该物种成纤维细胞的基本生物学特性,为动物遗传信息研究及豹猫保护提供了重要的实验材料和基础信息。     

4℃保存的绵羊皮肤成纤维细胞的培养及冷冻

为了探讨利用死亡珍稀动物皮肤建立成纤维细胞库的方法,本研究采集幼龄绵羊耳廓皮肤,在4℃条件下保存0 h(对照组)、24 h、48 h和72 h后进行原代培养,达到85%汇合后再进行了继代培养或者经冷冻-复苏后继代培养。结果:(1)与对照组相比,各保存组皮肤成纤维细胞经原代培养后达到85%汇合时间滞后(分别为4 d和8d~15 d);(2)各保存组成纤维细胞经4代培养后,与对照组继代培养达到85%汇合时间相同(对照组继代培养第1~4代均为4 d);(3)原代培养成纤维细胞通过冷冻-复苏后经第2代培养,即可在4 d内均达到85%汇合。表明动物死亡后立即采取其耳廓皮肤并在4℃下保存一段时间后,经原代培养和继代培养,或经原代培养、冷冻-复苏和继代培养,可获得具有正常继代能力的成纤维细胞。     

胰蛋白酶消化法和组织块法原代培养人包皮成纤维细胞的比较

小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEFs)是目前国际上公认的人胚胎干细胞(hESCs)体外培养的饲养层细胞,但MEFs存在寿命短、动物源性污染等问题,需要探索适于hESCs体外培养且寿命长的人源性饲养层.采用胰蛋白酶消化法和组织块法分别原代培养人包皮成纤维细胞(hFFs),探索hFFs原代培养的最佳方法,为hFFs作为饲养层在hESCs研究中的应用提供可靠的科学依据;通过倒置显微镜下观察其生长状态和免疫细胞化学染色鉴定,结果显示两种原代培养方法获得的hFFs的形态及生物学特性均符合成纤维细胞;通过测定细胞生长曲线及MTT法检测,结果显示两种原代培养方法获得的不同代数的hFFs均具有较高的增殖活性,传代10余代仍能保持较好的细胞形态,可以制备成饲养层用于hESCs的研究.     

昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离与培养

目的:建立稳定高效的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层培养体系.方法:取不同胎龄的小鼠分离原代胚胎成纤维细胞,观察不同胎龄小鼠对分离和培养效果的影响.结果:从不同胎龄小鼠均分离得到胚胎成纤维细胞,但最佳分离时间为13.5～14.5 d;传代时在室温下消化单层贴壁细胞可随时控制消化时间,效果良好.结论:从13.5～15.5 d胎龄小鼠胚胎分离培养胚胎成纤维细胞效果最佳.     

水牛胎儿成纤维细胞体外培养体系的初步建立

为探讨适合水牛胎儿成纤维细胞(BFF)的体外培养体系,采用常规组织块法和胰蛋白酶消化法原代培养BFF均获得了较多的成纤维细胞,但后者所得细胞的活力不如前者高,且死细胞也较多;传代或冻存成纤维细胞时用4℃预冷的胰蛋白酶室温下消化所得的细胞比37℃热消化的细胞更圆、更有光泽;跟踪32代的细胞冷冻复苏率均达70%～80%;染色体分析结果显示,二倍体细胞所占比例始终保持在80%～90%之间,各代细胞(5th、10th、15th)之间差异不显著(P>0.05).结果 表明,组织块法原代培养、4℃预冷胰蛋白酶室温消化传代细胞的培养体系比较适合水牛胎儿成纤维细胞的培养.     

Development of embryos reconstructed by interspecies nuclear transfer of adult fibroblasts between buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle (Bos indicus)

The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of employing adult fibroblasts as donor cells in interspecies nuclear transfer (NT) between buffaloes and cattle. Buffalo and bovine oocytes matured in vitro for 22 h were enucleated by micromanipulation using the Spindle View system. An ear fibroblast, pretreated with 0.1 microg/mL aphidicolin for 24 h, followed by culture for 2-9 days in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Media+0.5% fetal bovine serum, was introduced into the cytoplast by microinjection. Reconstructed oocytes were activated by exposure to 5 microM ionomycin for 5 min and 2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine for 3 h. When buffalo adult fibroblasts were used as donor cells, there were no differences (P < 0.75) in the cleavage rate (66.2% versus 64.0%) between bovine and buffalo recipient oocytes, but more embryos derived from bovine cytoplasts developed to blastocysts than from buffalo cytoplasts (13.3% versus 3.0%, P < 0.05). When bovine adult fibroblasts were used as donor nuclei, both cleavage rate (45.3%) and blastocyst yield (4.5%) of NT embryos derived from buffalo cytoplasts were lower than those of NT embryos derived from bovine cytoplasts (65.5 and 11.9%, P < 0.05). The proportion of parthenogenetic buffalo (29.1%) or bovine (35.6%) oocytes developing to blastocysts was higher than those of NT embryos (P < 0.01). Interspecies NT embryos were derived from the donor cells and 55.0-61.9% of them possessed a normal diploid karyotype. In conclusion, embryos reconstructed by interspecies NT of adult fibroblasts between buffaloes and cattle developed to blastocysts, but bovine cytoplasts may direct embryonic development more effectively than buffalo cytoplasts, regardless of donor cell species.     

Animal Symposia

To establish fibroblast cell lines from different tissues and to compare the biological characteristics of those cell lines, five fibroblast cell lines derived from Chinese swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were selected for comparative assays. Cell style and survival rate (before cryogenic preservation and after recovery) were tested, and karyotype, patterns of isoenzymes of lactic dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, and cell cycle were analyzed. These cell lines had a healthy morphology with a typical spindle shape, and assessment of cell style showed these cells to be very pure fibroblasts. Cell growth curves showed a typical “S” shape. Results of microorganism contamination assays were negative, and isoenzyme analysis showed no cross-contamination. The number of chromosomes (2n) of swamp buffalo is 48. Between 28% and 46% of the cells were 2n, and cell apoptosis was not pronounced at 20th generation. Results showed that skin fibroblasts were more adaptable to tissue culture conditions than the ones from kidneys and ear margin, and they are more suitable for cellular manipulation in Chinese swamp buffalo.     

Development of cloned embryos from adult rabbit fibroblasts: effect of activation treatment and donor cell preparation

This research was to study the in vitro and in vivo development of cloned embryos derived from adult rabbit fibroblasts following various activation protocols. Effects of serum starvation and passage number of donor cells on the efficiency of cloning were also examined. In experiment I, oocytes were activated either by electric pulses or by electric pulses followed by culture with 6-dimethylaminopurin (DMAP). For experiment II, the best activation protocol from experiment I was employed for cloning using adult rabbit fibroblasts that were cultured for 0-15 passages. In experiment III, the effect of serum starvation of the donor cells on cloning was examined. Finally, in experiment IV, embryo transfers were conducted. These experiments showed that combined electrical pulse and DMAP treatment resulted in superior parthenogenetic blastocyst development (up to 29%), and that activation of the cytoplast before versus after fusion was not different in supporting the in vitro development of nuclear transferred embryos (16%-18% blastocysts). Adult fibroblasts derived from nonpassaged cells were less capable of developing into blastocysts than passaged cells (6% vs. 17%). Serum starvation of donor cells improved cleavage (up to 71%) but did not improve blastocyst development (13%), and no progeny was obtained, irrespective of the treatment. Cell-cycle analysis of adult rabbit fibroblast cells showed that passage 6 and 12 cells were more likely to be in G(0)/G(1) than passage 0 cells, which agrees with the improved embryo development in the passaged-cell groups.     

Xenonuclear transplantation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) fetal and adult somatic cell nuclei into bovine (Bos indicus) oocyte cytoplasm and their subsequent development

Bovine oocyte cytoplasm has been shown to support the development of nuclei from other species up to the blastocyst stage. Somatic cell nuclei from buffalo fetal fibroblasts have been successfully reprogrammed after transfer to enucleated bovine oocytes, resulting in the production of cloned buffalo blastocysts. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro development of fetal and adult buffalo cloned embryos after the fusion of a buffalo fetal fibroblast, cumulus or oviductal cell with bovine oocyte cytoplasm. The fusion of oviductal cells with enucleated bovine oocytes was higher than that of fetal fibroblasts or cumulus cells (83% versus 77 or 73%, respectively). There was a significantly higher cleavage rate (P < 0.05) for fused nuclear transferred embryos produced by fetal fibroblasts and oviductal cells than for cumulus cells (84 or 78% versus 68%, respectively). Blastocyst development in the nuclear transferred embryos produced by fetal fibroblasts was higher (P < 0.05) than those produced either by cumulus or oviductal cells. Chromosome analysis of cloned blastocysts confirmed the embryo was derived from buffalo donor nuclei. This study demonstrates that nuclei from buffalo fetal cells could be successfully reprogrammed to develop to the blastocyst stage at a rate higher than nuclei from adult cells.     

First cloned swamp buffalo produced from adult ear fibroblast cell

The world’s first cloned swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) derived from adult ear skin fibroblast has been reported. Donor fibroblast cells were produced from biopsies taken from adult male ear skin and in vitro matured oocytes obtained from a slaughterhouse were used as cytoplasts. A total of 39 blastocysts and 19 morulae fresh embryos were transferred into 12 recipient buffaloes. Progesterone assays indicated establishment of pregnancy in 10 of the 12 buffaloes (83.3%) after 45 days, with six animals still pregnant at 3 months. One recipient maintained pregnancy to term and naturally delivered a 40 kg male calf after 326 days of gestation. DNA analysis showed that the cloned calf was genetically identical to the donor cells. Genotype analyses, using 12 buffalo microsatellite markers, confirmed that the cloned calf was derived from the donor cell lines. In conclusion, the present study reports, for the first time, the establishment of pregnancy and birth of the first cloned Thai swamp buffalo derived from adult ear skin fibroblast cells.     

人多潜能胚胎生殖细胞的分离和培养（简报）

To establish human pluripotent embryonic germ (EG) cell lines, human primordial germ cells (PGCs) of embryos aborted in 5-9 week were cultured on inactive mouse STO fibroblast feeder. The medium contained human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF), human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF) and forskolin. The EG cells could be passaged continuously until 12 generations. Most cells were positive in alkaline phosphatase staining and expressed cell surface antigen SSEA-3 and pluripotent marker Oct-4. These EG cell populations that retained normal karyotype could form embryoid body in culture and differentiate further into neuron-like cells, mucous epithelial cells, epithelial cells and other types of the cells spontaneously. These results indicated the cell clones derived from human PGCs resemble pluripotent EG cells from mouse PGCs in appearance or nature.     

Use of synthetic serum-free medium for culture of human dermal fibroblasts to establish an experimental system similar to living dermis

In this study, we sought to establish a defined experimental system for fibroblast growth similar to that of the living dermis. To this end, we evaluated the growth and biochemical characteristics of fibroblasts cultured with serum-free HFDM-1, a finely tuned synthetic medium for human fibroblast culture. Three culture conditions were used to grow fibroblasts obtained from primary culture: (1) culture with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) plus 10 % fetal bovine serum (serum-supplemented DMEM), (2) culture with DMEM (serum-free DMEM), and (3) culture with HFDM-1 (HFDM-1), and fibroblast morphology, growth, collagen type I production, and lipid composition were analyzed. Fibroblasts grown in HFDM-1 maintained cell numbers at nearly 100 % from days 14 to 21 and produced more collagen type I than cells grown in serum-supplemented and serum-free DMEM. Arachidonic acid (20:4) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids were lower in cells grown in serum-free DMEM and HFDM-1 than in serum-supplemented DMEM. These results suggested that HFDM-1 recapitulated growth conditions in the dermis better than traditional, serum-supplemented DMEM. In addition, the controlled chemical composition of HFDM-1 eliminated a potential source of variability in cell culture conditions.     

In vitro development of horse oocytes reconstructed with the nuclei of fetal and adult cells

This study investigated the basic conditions required for the production of horse embryos by the transfer of the nuclei of fetal and adult fibroblast cells to enucleated oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were recovered from abattoir ovaries and matured in vitro in groups of 20-30 for 28-30 h in tissue culture medium 199 containing 20% v:v fetal bovine serum in coculture with equine oviduct epithelial cells. Fetal fibroblast cells (FFC) were derived from a 32-day-old Thoroughbred x Pony fetus, and adult skin fibroblast cells (SFC) were obtained from subdermal biopsies recovered from a 4-yr-old female Pony. The rates of fusion between the recipient cytoplasm with either FFC or SFC were significantly greater when the cells were treated with a combination of direct current (DC) pulses and Sendai virus rather than with DC pulses alone (81%-82% vs. 49%-57%, P < 0.05). There were no differences in the rates of nuclear reprogramming between FFC and SFC (88% vs. 84%), but the rate of cleavage of the resulting embryos to the 2-cell stage was higher when FFC were used (53%) than when SFC were used (35%). Blastocysts were obtained from oocytes reconstructed with both types of donor cells and after culture in vitro for 6-7 days, but the overall proportion of blastocysts produced was very low in both cases (FFC, 4%; SFC, 7%). These results demonstrate a very limited potential for in vitro development of horse embryos after nuclear reprogramming following the transfer of nuclei from either fetal or adult fibroblasts into recipient enucleated oocytes.     

EFFECTS OF BETA MERCAPTOETHANOL ON THE PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS

Antioxidants are known to influence metabolism and promote cell survival in a number of cell culture systems. However, their effects on the modulation of bone cell differentiationin vitroare not clearly defined. In the present studies we have investigated the effects of β-mercaptoethanol (βME) and ascorbate alone and in combination on human osteoprogenitors derived from bone marrow fibroblasts. In primary marrow cultures, βME stimulated colony formation (2-fold), alkaline phosphatase activity (3.5-fold) and, increased DNA synthesis (8-fold) after 21 days. Cell proliferation was increased significantly by βME during the first 4 days of a 10-day culture period, indicating stimulation of marrow osteoprogenitor proliferation. Ascorbate did not significantly augment the effects of βME in primary cultures or long-term cultures of passaged bone marrow fibroblasts. These findings indicate a potential beneficial role for βME addition for the optimal maintenance of colony formation, cell proliferation and differentiation of marrow osteoprogenitor cells in primary human bone marrow fibroblast cultures.