马拉色菌相关人群及正常人群耳耵聍中马拉色菌带菌情况的调查

目的调查马拉色菌相关人群及正常人群耳耵聍中马拉色菌带菌情况。方法用结晶紫染色法对96例被调查人群耳耵聍进行马拉色菌检测,同时作培养,并以标准株作对照,用生理生化方法将耵聍中分离到的79株马拉色菌进行分类。结果马拉色菌相关人群耳耵聍中马拉色菌的直接检出率为91．84％（45／49）,培养阳性率为81．63％（40／49）,其中厚皮马拉色菌8株（16．33％）,合轴马拉色菌10株（20．41％）,糠秕马拉色菌22株（44．90％）。正常人群耳耵聍马拉色菌直接检出率为89．36％（42／47）,培养阳性率为78．72％（37／47）,其中厚皮马拉色菌5株（10．64％）,合轴马拉色菌8株（17．02％）,糠秕马拉色菌23株（48．93％）,斯洛菲马拉色菌1株（2．13％）。结论马拉色菌为正常人群及马拉色菌相关人群外耳道正常菌群,两组人群中马拉色菌的分离率和菌种分布无显著性差异。     

东南亚青年人群中马拉色菌菌种构成分析

目的：研究部分东南亚国家青年人群中马拉色菌菌种构成。方法采集285名青年人（分别来源于中国、尼泊尔、印度、巴基斯坦）面部正常皮肤及皮损区标本,接种于 Leeming ＆amp; Notman 培养基后进行培养分离,生化及形态学方法鉴定到种。结果共分离出8个菌种,共计501株马拉色菌,以球形马拉色菌为主,占40.5℅（203/501）,其次为合轴马拉色菌19.0℅（95/501）、糠秕马拉色菌16.0℅（80/501）、限制马拉色菌11.0℅（55/501）、斯洛菲马拉色菌6.2℅（31/501）等。各国家间未见明显的地理学差异。结论东南亚地区青年正常人群及马拉色菌相关疾病患者中的主要菌种为球形马拉色菌。     

江西地区花斑癣患者马拉色菌菌种分析

目的了解江西地区花斑癣患者马拉色菌菌种分布情况。比较传统吐温试验和改良吐温试验。方法对141例临床典型、真菌镜检阳性的花斑癣患者,采用Leeming和Notman培养基培养皮屑。以标准菌株为对照,按形态学和生理生化特点进行分类,分析马拉色菌菌种构成情况。同时比较传统吐温试验和改良吐温试验优缺点。结果培养到95株马拉色菌,分离出5个菌种:合轴马拉色菌62株,糠秕马拉色菌17株,球形马拉色菌9株,钝形马拉色菌6株,限制马拉色菌1株。结论合轴马拉色菌占有明显优势(65.26%)。改良吐温试验易于操作、费时短,尤其适合多标本的流行病学调查研究,值得推广。     

马拉色菌病误诊为痤疮、湿疹2例分析CSCD

报道2例马拉色菌感染引起的毛囊炎和花斑糠疹。患者1,男,19岁,背部红色丘疹2个月,1个月后红色丘疹增多至双颌下、颈前,按痤疮治疗无效。患者2,女,13岁,腹部淡红色斑片1个月,3周后斑片增大,按湿疹治疗1周后无效。真菌镜检病例1可见球形出芽酵母细胞,病例2可见酵母细胞及香蕉样菌丝,含橄榄油SDA培养可见表面呈白色酵母样菌落,生长缓慢。2例分别诊断为马拉色菌属导致的毛囊炎和花斑糠疹。治疗:马拉色菌毛囊炎给予口服伊曲康唑胶囊及外用抗真菌药物综合治疗6周后,复查真菌镜检及培养阴性,外用抗真菌药物6周后花斑糠疹患者红色斑片消退。     

从尼僧头皮皮损中分离和鉴定马拉色菌

我们在2008年4～6月对武汉市区内某尼庵中尼僧头皮屑及头皮毛囊炎中马拉色菌分布情况进行调查,现将结果报道如下。     

马拉色菌相关病例的探讨

目的探讨马拉色菌与相关皮肤病的特殊临床症状,提高对其的认识及疗效。方法回顾性分析相关病例的特殊临床表现、真菌学检查及治疗。结果3例临床表现为鳞屑性红斑患者的皮损中发现大量马拉色菌菌丝,经在含脂质的培养基上生长出球形马拉色菌,抗真菌治疗有效。1例表现为甲营养不良的患者甲屑中发现有大量马拉色菌菌丝。结论在非花斑癣患者的皮损中发现大量马拉色菌,可能与其外用皮质类固醇激素制剂有关。     

马拉色菌蛋白酶活性测定方法的建立及其应用

为建立检测马拉色菌蛋白酶的方法并检测不同来源菌株的蛋白酶活性 ,使用全脂牛奶平板法、BSA平板法检测 7株标准株 ,3 3株M .furfur、12株M .sympodialis、4株M .obtusa临床分离株和 2 8株M .furfur正常皮肤分离株蛋白酶活性 ,并检测温度、pH值和蛋白酶抑制剂对蛋白酶活性的影响。 7株标准株均检出蛋白酶活性 ,M .furfur临床分离株蛋白酶活性高于正常皮肤分离株 (p <0 .0 1) ,最高蛋白酶活性在 3 2℃、pH5.5时表达 ,EDTA能抑制其蛋白酶活性。全脂牛奶平板法为简便、可靠的测定马拉色菌蛋白酶活性的方法 ,蛋白酶活性与菌株的致病性相关     

马拉色菌的免疫学与分子生物学研究新进展

马拉色菌是一组常见的条件致病菌,属于嗜脂性酵母。马拉色菌与许多皮肤疾病的相关性逐渐受到重视,特别是免疫学与分子生物学方面的研究,为马拉色菌相关皮肤疾病的诊断提供了更为简便、可靠的依据。现对马拉色菌在皮炎的发病机制、诊断、治疗等方面的免疫学与分子生物学研究进展作一综述。     

马拉色菌致病相关因子的研究进展

马拉色菌是人类和温血动物皮肤的常驻菌,亦是一种条件致病性真菌,它可以引起花斑癣、马拉色菌毛囊炎、脂溢性皮炎等多种疾病。脂酶、蛋白酶、磷脂酶和脂氧合酶等为马拉色菌主要侵袭性酶。马拉色菌与角质形成细胞共培养可引起角质形成细胞多种形态学改变、细胞因子含量变化和细胞凋亡。     

马拉色菌表型及分子生物学鉴定的研究进展

马拉色菌作为一种嗜脂性的条件致病菌引起人的感染逐渐增多,其与多种疾病的相关性也日益受到临床上的关注。现就其形态学、生理生化学及分子生物学的鉴定方法、研究现状作一综述。     

马拉色菌相关疾病研究现状

马拉色菌是一种存在于人体皮肤表面的真菌,容易诱发真菌感染性皮肤疾病,其中花斑癣的发病与该菌属存在着直接的相关性。目前研究表明脂溢性皮炎、特应性皮炎、马拉色菌毛囊炎、银屑病等相关疾病的发生和发展均与马拉色菌属的感染存在着一定的联系。在综合相关文献报道的基础上,对马拉色菌属在一些常见皮肤疾病中的发病机制进行了有关的概述。     

Detection and characterization of Shigella species isolated from food and human stool samples in Nabeul, Tunisia, by molecular methods and culture techniques

Aims: This study was designed to isolate Shigella spp. strains from food and stool samples by a combination of PCR and culture methods and characterize their serotypes, antibiotic resistance profiles, virulence genes and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns to investigate possible clonal relationships amongst strains circulating. Methods and Results: Six Shigella spp. strains were isolated from 280 food samples against 16 Shigella isolates from 236 stool samples of symptomatic patients and asymptomatic food handlers during the period from January 2007 to December 2009 in Public Health Regional Laboratory of Nabeul. The detection of ipaH, ipaBCD, ial, ShET‐1 and ShET‐2 was performed by a PCR technique with specific primers. Conclusions: The use of PCR technique improved the rate of detecting Shigella in stool samples from 6·7 to 14% and in food samples from 2·1 to 8·6%. Percentage of Shigella isolates and ipaH‐specific PCR demonstrated a marked pattern of seasonality, increasing in summer and fall seasons for human and food isolates. Amongst the environmental strains, 50% of isolates were invasive. However, for the 16 clinical strains isolated, nine were found to be positive for both ial and ipaBCD gene and 11 were found to produce ShET‐1 and/or ShET‐2. XbaI PFGE analysis revealed the presence of a predominant clone amongst Shigella sonnei strains recovered from different sources circulating in Nabeul, Tunisia, throughout the years 2007–2009. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrated the existence of Shigella in food samples and dispersion of different virulence genes amongst these isolates, which appear to constitute an environmental source of epidemic spread. The clonal relationships amongst strains isolated from food elements and human stools indicate the incrimination of different kinds of foods as vehicle of transmission of Shigella, which are usually escaped from detection by traditional culture methods.     

Seasonal variations of Fusarium species in wheat fields in Upper Egypt

Abstract

Populations of the genus Fusarium in wheat fields were studied within the crop-growing season at Qena area (Upper Egypt) using two different types of media (DCPA and DRBA) at 25°C. Fourteen Fusarium species were isolated during this study, namely F. anthophilum, F. aquaeductuum, F. chlamdosporum, F. dimerum, F. merismoides, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. poae, F. proliferatum, F. sambucinum, F. scripi, F. solani, F. sporotrichioides and F. subglutinans. Fusarium merismoides, F. oxysporum and F. sambucinum were the most common Fusarium species isolated from different wheat plant parts (rhizosphere and rhizoplane) as well as from the wheat fields (soil and air). Fusarium spp. rarely appeared at the beginning of the season and increased sharply between January to March and decreased slightly or sharply at the end of the season according to the type of media and isolation source.     

Morphological characterization of in-vitro human hair keratinolysis,produced by identified wild strains of Chrysosporium species

Chrysosporium species were isolated from soil and keratinized material. Primary isolation was performed following the general method of hair baiting on modified Czapek-agar media with washed, defated and sterilized human hair fragments added. Strains were maintained in test tubes of potato dextrose agar at 29 °C and cultivated on phytone yeast extract agar at 28 °C for 14 days for identification. Isolates were characterized using Van Oorschot's key. Keratinolytic activity was expressed following a subjective scale representing degree/severity of attack upon hair surface and presence of fungal structures observed in substrate. Culture results and characterization methods were effective for soil Chrysosporium strain isolation. A new hair attack mode is described. Of 71 keratinolytic fungal isolates, eight (12%) Chrysosporium species were identified. One keratinolytic Chrysosporium sp. isolate is yet to be identified.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Latitudinal gradients in the species richness of Australian termites (Isoptera)

Abstract Using data on the geographic range of 260 described species in the Atlas of Australian Termites, seven ‘regions’ with more complete data, across a wide range of latitudes were selected for further analysis. For these regions, mean species richness (± SE) was calculated for (i) all species from all families, (ii) Termitidae (197 spp.), (iii) Amitermes spp. (Termitidae, 58 spp.), (iv) all families excluding Amitermes spp. (139 spp.), (v) Termopsidae (5 spp.), (vi) Kalotermitidae (32 spp.) and (vii) Rhinotermitidae (25 spp.). In addition, we compared the Atlas data with species richness for five regions, across a comparable range of latitudes, based on the pooled species richness of described and un-described species given in community studies. No group of termites showed a consistent decline in species richness from tropical to temperate latitudes for either data set. The Atlas data showed similar total species richness from the tropics to the mediterranean southwest, before declining to lowest species richness at the highest latitudes. Species richness of Amitermes spp. and Rhinotermitidae was highest in the southwest. Termopsidae and Kalotermitidae showed no latitudinal pattern in species richness. Community studies showed highest and lowest total species richness in the southwest and at the highest latitudes (south-coastal Western Australia), respectively, and similar species richness from the tropics to arid central Australia. Species richness of. Amitermes spp. was highest in the southwest (31 spp.). Kalotermitidae and Rhinotermitidae showed no clear latitudinal pattern. The latitudinal patterns of species richness for the Australian termites is consistent with that for the Australian vertebrates and ants in that they differ from patterns established for these taxa on other continents.