粒毛盘菌属种间关系的分子系统学初探

粒毛盘菌属包括晶杯菌科中子囊盘表面具有毛状物,毛状物全表面具有颗粒状纹饰以及外囊盘被结构为矩胞组织的部分种类,种间形态解剖结构多样,研究采用ITS1-5.8s rDNA-ITS2序列分析的方法探讨该属种间的系统发育关系。在供试的粒毛盘菌15个分类单元中,14个以89%的支持强度值相聚在一起,其中Lachnum clandestinum与L.fuscescens关系最近,其支持强度值为100%;其次为L.controversum与L.spartinae,其支持强度值为97%;而秭妹群L.euterpes,L.pteridophyllum,L.singerianum和L.lushanense彼此关系较远,其支持强度值均小于50%;L.sclerotii位于系统发育树的最外侧,为供试15个分类单元中距离最远的一个,结果表明粒毛盘菌属可能是多起源的。     

中国小双孢盘菌属分类研究——7个新种和4个新记录种（英文）

对中国科学院菌物标本馆保藏和近年来采集的我国小双孢盘菌属标本进行了分类研究,鉴定出14个种,包括7个新种(线孢小双孢盘菌、湖北小双孢盘菌、大孢小双孢盘菌、山地小双孢盘菌、蕨生小双孢盘菌、香地小双孢盘菌、中国小双孢盘菌)、4个中国新记录种(碘蓝小双孢盘菌、四孢小双孢盘菌、三隔小双孢盘菌、一个未定名种:Bisporella sp.3999)和3个已报道种。对新种与相似种的主要形态学区别进行了详尽的比较和讨论,更新了部分种在我国的分布状况。提供了该属我国已知种的分种检索表。     

中国小孢盘菌属—新种(英文)

报道了源于我国黑龙江的小孢盘菌属Acervus一新种,即黑龙江小孢盘菌A.heilongjiangensis。该种的显著特征为子囊盘杯状,无柄,直径5–10mm;子实层新鲜时黄色;外囊盘被为角胞组织至表层组织;子囊具囊盖,具8个子囊孢子,孔口在Melzer试剂中不变色,98–119×6.5–8.5μm;子囊孢子椭圆形,无分隔,9–10.5×3.9–5.5μm。对该种的形态学特征进行了描述和图示,并对其分类地位提供了DNA序列分析的佐证。     

粒毛盘菌属种间关系的分子系统学初探*

粒毛盘菌属包括晶杯菌科中子囊盘表面具有毛状物,毛状物全表面具有颗粒状纹饰以及外囊盘被结构为矩胞组织的部分种类,种间形态解剖结构多样,研究采用ITS15.8S rDNAITS2序列分析的方法探讨该属种间的系统发育关系。在供试的粒毛盘菌15个分类单元中,14个以89%的支持强度值相聚在一起,其中Lachnum clandestinum与 L. fuscescens关系最近,其支持强度值为100%;其次为L. controversum 与L. spartinae,其支持强度值为97%;而姊妹群L. euterpes,L. pteridophyllum,L. singerianum和L. lushanense彼此关系较远,其支持强度值均小于50%;L. sclerotii位于系统发育树的最外侧,为供试15个分类单元中距离最远的一个,结果表明粒毛盘菌属可能是多起源的。     

中国二头孢盘菌属的分类研究（英文）

提供了中国二头孢盘菌属的分类研究概况和已知种类。对属的概念进行了修订;基于形态学特征和序列分析的结果,将兰斯盘菌属的3个种转入二头孢盘菌属,建立3个新组合(黄二头孢盘菌、黄山二头孢盘菌、暗丝二头孢盘菌);描述了一新种(缩孢二头孢盘菌)。该属目前已知的10个种中,在我国分布9个种。编制了该属世界已知种的分种检索表。     

晶圆盘菌属的中国新记录种(英文)

晶圆盘菌属Hyalorbilia是圆盘菌科Orbiliaceae成员,目前中国已报道8个种,报道了3个中国新记录种,其中两个建议为新组合。     

从18S rDNA序列初探散胞盘菌亚科属间亲缘关系

散胞盘菌亚科Ｅｎｃｏｅｌｉｏｉｄｅａｅ建于１９３２年,为盘菌纲Ｄｉｓｃｏｍｙｃｅｔｅｓ锤舌菌目Ｌｅｏｔｉａｌｅｓ锤舌菌科（广义）Ｌｅｏｔｉａｃｅａｅ的成员,它包括腐生、植物寄生、真菌上生的盘状子囊菌,现含１８属,其中若干为单种属。传统分类从形态学角度将外囊盘表层细胞松散结合或者表面覆盖短的菌丝延伸物视为此亚科的主要特征,宏观上,其成员的共性表现为外囊盘被表面糠皮状、鳞屑状或霜状。迄今,学者们从未对     

菌寄生属3个中国新记录种（英文）

对来自湖南和广东的菌寄生属真菌进行了研究,采用单孢分离法获得纯培养菌株,将形态解剖、培养性状和DNA序列相结合进行综合分析,发现3个中国新记录种:真菌菌寄生Hypomyces mycophilus、枝葡孢菌寄生H.sibirinae和三隔孢菌寄生H.triseptatus,对它们的宏观和微观特征进行了描述及图示。     

类葡柄菌属（丝孢纲）一新种

蒲桃Ｓｖｚｙｇｉｕｍ ｊａｍｂｏｓ （Ｌ．）Ａｌｓｔｏｎ叶上的类葡柄菌属Ｓｔｅｍｐｈｙｌｉｏｍｍａ Ｓａｃｃａｒｄｏ ＆Ｔｒａｖｅｒｓｏ－一新种定名为异色类葡柄菌Ｓｔｅｍｐｈｙｌｉｏｍｍａ ｈｅｔｒｅｏｃｈｏｍｕｍ Ｎ．Ｌｉ＆Ｚｈａｏ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。,地该种形态作了汉、拉文描述,并绘图示之。模式标本保存在西南林学院（ＨＳＦＣ）森林病理标本室。     

粒毛盘菌属及其相关属的分子系统学研究*

晶杯菌科的分类目前主要基于子囊盘外囊盘被表面毛状物的形态学特征,在系统演化关系上十分不清楚。本研究利用18SrRNA基因核苷酸序列分析方法探讨该科粒毛盘菌属及其相关属间的系统发育关系。以Saccharomycescerevisiae为外群的严格合意树和最简约树表明,粒毛盘菌属与其相关的属形成三个分支。Lachnumhyalopus,L.nudipes和L.virgineum代表一个分支。L.brasiliense,L.sclerotii,L.singerianum,Albotrichaguangxiensis,Calycellinapopulina.,Cistellagrevillei,Hyaloscyphaaureliella,Lachnellulacalyciformis,Parachnopezizaguangxiensis和Trichopezizasulphurea聚在一起(支持率为57%),为另一个分支。上述两个姊妹分支的支持强度为76%。与Lachnum在形态上有些相似的Cistella和Lachnum聚在一起的支持强度为51%。传统上纳入Arachnopezizoideae的Parachnopeziza与该亚科的模式属Arachnopeziza的关系较远。Arachnopezizaaurata是供试的14个种中距离最远的一个,位于系统发育树的最外侧,与上述两个分支的亲缘关系较远,这对Arachnopezizoideae在晶杯菌科中的地位提出了质疑。     

Optimization of Multilocus Sequence Analysis for Identification of Species in the Genus Vibrio

Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) is an important method for identification of taxa that are not well differentiated by 16S rRNA gene sequences alone. In this procedure, concatenated sequences of selected genes are constructed and then analyzed. The effects that the number and the order of genes used in MLSA have on reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships were examined. The recA, rpoA, gapA, 16S rRNA gene, gyrB, and ftsZ sequences from 56 species of the genus Vibrio were used to construct molecular phylogenies, and these were evaluated individually and using various gene combinations. Phylogenies from two-gene sequences employing recA and rpoA in both possible gene orders were different. The addition of the gapA gene sequence, producing all six possible concatenated sequences, reduced the differences in phylogenies to degrees of statistical (bootstrap) support for some nodes. The overall statistical support for the phylogenetic tree, assayed on the basis of a reliability score (calculated from the number of nodes having bootstrap values of ≥80 divided by the total number of nodes) increased with increasing numbers of genes used, up to a maximum of four. No further improvement was observed from addition of the fifth gene sequence (ftsZ), and addition of the sixth gene (gyrB) resulted in lower proportions of strongly supported nodes. Reductions in the numbers of strongly supported nodes were also observed when maximum parsimony was employed for tree construction. Use of a small number of gene sequences in MLSA resulted in accurate identification of Vibrio species.     

基于ITS序列探讨杜鹃属的亚属和组间系统关系

首次报道了 15种杜鹃属 (Rhododendron)植物、1种杜香属 (Ledum)植物和Cassiopefastigiata的内转录间隔区(ITS) (包括 5 .8S)序列。加上从GenBank下载的 13种杜鹃属植物和Bajiariaracemosa的ITS序列 ,以C .fastigiata和B .racemosa为外类群 ,用最大简约法对杜鹃属的亚属和组间的系统关系进行了分析。结果表明 :1)杜鹃属是一个单系类群 ,叶状苞亚属为杜鹃属的基部类群 ;2 )杜香属确应归并到杜鹃属中 ,且与有鳞杜鹃亚属有较近的亲缘关系 ;3)有鳞杜鹃亚属和杜香构成一个单系分支 ,该分支是其余无鳞杜鹃花的姐妹群 ;4 )由无鳞杜鹃花组成的一个分支的内部支持率较低 ,其中常绿杜鹃亚属和映山红亚属均为内部支持率很高的单系类群 ,而羊踯躅亚属和马银花亚属均为多系类群 ;5 )在马银花亚属中 ,长蕊杜鹃组和马银花组均分别得到强烈支持 ,马银花组与异蕊杜鹃亚属可能构成姐妹群关系 ,异蕊杜鹃亚属和马银花组组成的一个分支可能与映山红亚属构成姐妹群关系。     

基于ITS序列探讨杜鹃属的亚属和组间系统关系

首次报道了15种杜鹃属(Rhododendron)植物、1种杜香属(Ledum)植物和Cassiope fastigiata的内转录间隔区(ITS) (包括5.8S)序列.加上从GenBank下载的13种杜鹃属植物和Bajiaria racemosa的ITS序列,以C. fastigiata和B. racemosa为外类群,用最大简约法对杜鹃属的亚属和组间的系统关系进行了分析.结果表明: 1)杜鹃属是一个单系类群,叶状苞亚属为杜鹃属的基部类群; 2)杜香属确应归并到杜鹃属中,且与有鳞杜鹃亚属有较近的亲缘关系; 3)有鳞杜鹃亚属和杜香构成一个单系分支,该分支是其余无鳞杜鹃花的姐妹群; 4)由无鳞杜鹃花组成的一个分支的内部支持率较低,其中常绿杜鹃亚属和映山红亚属均为内部支持率很高的单系类群,而羊踯躅亚属和马银花亚属均为多系类群; 5)在马银花亚属中,长蕊杜鹃组和马银花组均分别得到强烈支持,马银花组与异蕊杜鹃亚属可能构成姐妹群关系,异蕊杜鹃亚属和马银花组组成的一个分支可能与映山红亚属构成姐妹群关系.     

基于线粒体基因组探讨鲸偶蹄类七种动物的系统发育关系

利用作者已测定的赤麂(Muntiacus muntjak)线粒体全基因组序列和从GenBank检索到的鲸偶蹄类有代表性的长须鲸、河马、奶牛、绵羊、猪、羊驼6种动物的线粒体全基因组序列,按顺序分别连接各自的13个蛋白编码基因、13个氨基酸序列、2个rRNA基因和22个tRNA基因成一个氨基酸序列或核苷酸序列,用DNASTAR软件统计碱基长度和组成;分析奶牛、绵羊和赤麂两两之间蛋白编码基因的序列差异;用MEGA计算7种动物12S和：16S rRNA基因的遗传距离;基于连接在一起的13个蛋白编码基因的氨基酸序列,用NJ法构建系统关系树。结果显示：①偶蹄目反刍亚目牛科的绵羊和同亚目鹿科的赤麂先聚为一亚支,然后与该亚目牛科的奶牛并为一支;猪形亚目猪科的猪和胼足亚目驼科的羊驼并为一支;鲸目须鲸亚目须鲸科的长须鲸和偶蹄目猪形亚目河马科的河马并为一支。②赤麂与绵羊的亲缘关系更近。③推测赤麂与绵羊和奶牛的分歧时间分别约在14．7和16．0百万年前。     

基于matR基因序列分析的山茶科系统关系

通过线粒体matR基因序列分析探讨了山茶科的分类学范围和系统演化关系。结果显示,传统山茶科的两个核心——山茶亚科（Theoideae或Camellioideae）和厚皮香亚科（Ternstroemioideae）不构成姐妹群关系,山茶亚科是一个支持率很高的单系类群,厚皮香亚科没有形成单系;山茶亚科下可区分出3个明显的分支,基部的分支由紫茎属（Stewartia）和舟柄茶属（Hartia）组成,木荷属（Schima）、美洲荷属（Franklirda）和美国大头茶属（Gordonia）构成第2个分支,该分支与由山茶属（Camellia）、核果茶属（Pyrenaria）、多瓣核果茶属（Parapyrenaria）、石笔木属（Tutcheria）、大头荣属（Polyspora）和圆籽荷属（Aptersperma）组成的第3个分支互为姐妹群。研究结果很好地支持了Prince和Parks等学者提出的的狭义山茶科（仅含山茶亚科）和狭义大头茶属的概念以及科下3个族（紫茎族Stewartieae、大头茶族Gordonieae和山茶族Theeae）的划分。但本研究更为清晰地揭示了科下3个族间的系统关系,即紫茎族是最基部的分支,山茶族与大头茶族间有更近的亲缘关系。同时,本文认为,厚皮香（亚）科是否为单系类群值得进一步研究。     

Polyphasic Taxonomy of the Genus Vibrio: Polynucleotide Sequence Relationships Among Selected Vibrio Species

Polynucleotide relationships among selected Vibrio species were examined by means of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) reassociation reactions and chromatography on hydroxyapatite. Relative levels of intraspecific DNA duplex formation (V. cholerae-V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus-V. parahaemolyticus) were found to be high at 60 C (>80%), and only minimally reduced at 75 C. Interspecific DNA duplexes between V. cholerae DNA and that of the non-cholera vibrios also exhibited high relative levels of formation at 60 C (>80%) and, with one exception, were only slightly reduced at 75 C. The thermal stability of these duplexes formed at 60 or 75 C was virtually identical to that of homologous V. cholerae DNA duplexes. The degree of reassociation and the thermal stability of V. cholerae-non-cholera vibrio DNA duplexes suggests relatively little evolutionary divergence in these organisms. In all other interspecific DNA reassociation reactions, only low levels of DNA duplex formation were noted at 60 C (<25%), and these were drastically reduced (>50%) at 75 C. The degree of nucleotide sequence divergence indicated by these reactions suggests that these Vibrio species are not significantly related to V. cholerae or V. parahaemolyticus. Reassociation reactions between V. cholerae DNA and the DNA of V. parahaemolyticus indicated these species were not significantly related to each other.     

Multilocus Sequence Typing and Phylogenetic Analyses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from the Ocean

Recent isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from the open ocean and subsequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses indicate that these strains have a unique genotype (N. H. Khan, Y. Ishii, N. Kimata-Kino, H. Esaki, T. Nishino, M. Nishimura, and K. Kogure, Microb. Ecol. 53:173-186, 2007). We hypothesized that ocean P. aeruginosa strains have a unique phylogenetic position relative to other strains. The objective of this study was to clarify the intraspecies phylogenetic relationship between marine strains and other strains from various geographical locations. Considering the advantages of using databases, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was chosen for the typing and discrimination of ocean P. aeruginosa strains. Seven housekeeping genes (acsA, aroE, guaA, mutL, nuoD, ppsA, and trpE) were analyzed, and the results were compared with data on the MLST website. These genes were also used for phylogenetic analysis of P. aeruginosa. Rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees were generated for each gene locus and the concatenated gene fragments. MLST data showed that all the ocean strains were new. Trees constructed for individual and concatenated genes revealed that ocean P. aeruginosa strains have clusters distinct from those of other P. aeruginosa strains. These clusters roughly reflected the geographical locations of the isolates. These data support our previous findings that P. aeruginosa strains are present in the ocean. It can be concluded that the ocean P. aeruginosa strains have diverged from other isolates and form a distinct cluster based on MLST and phylogenetic analyses of seven housekeeping genes.     

应用AFLP技术探讨半夏属五个种的亲缘关系

利用扩增酶切片断多态性（AFLP）方法研究半夏属内5个种之间的亲缘关系。应用POPGENE及SPSS软件对所得“1”、“0”二元矩阵进行遗传距离,遗传相似性及聚类分析。实验发现鹞落坪半夏与虎掌之间的遗传差异小,鹞落坪半夏可能是虎掌的一个特化分支群体;虎掌和鹞落坪半夏组与本属其他种之间遗传差异较大,相似性较小;盾叶半夏和滴水珠是姐妹群关系,盾叶半夏虽然叶形与同属其他种有显著差异,但遗传距离及相似性分析对比不支持其独立于半夏属其他种,而作为完全独立进化类群的结论。为半夏属分类及系统进化关系提供了分子生物学证据。     

Phylogenetic Analysis of Burkholderia Species by Multilocus Sequence Analysis

Burkholderia comprises more than 60 species of environmental, clinical, and agro-biotechnological relevance. Previous phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA, recA, gyrB, rpoB, and acdS gene sequences as well as genome sequence comparisons of different Burkholderia species have revealed two major species clusters. In this study, we undertook a multilocus sequence analysis of 77 type and reference strains of Burkholderia using atpD, gltB, lepA, and recA genes in combination with the 16S rRNA gene sequence and employed maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining criteria to test this further. The phylogenetic analysis revealed, with high supporting values, distinct lineages within the genus Burkholderia. The two large groups were named A and B, whereas the B. rhizoxinica/B. endofungorum, and B. andropogonis groups consisted of two and one species, respectively. The group A encompasses several plant-associated and saprophytic bacterial species. The group B comprises the B. cepacia complex (opportunistic human pathogens), the B. pseudomallei subgroup, which includes both human and animal pathogens, and an assemblage of plant pathogenic species. The distinct lineages present in Burkholderia suggest that each group might represent a different genus. However, it will be necessary to analyze the full set of Burkholderia species and explore whether enough phenotypic features exist among the different clusters to propose that these groups should be considered separate genera.     

猕猴属6个种的rDNA变异及其系统进化关系

以人２８Ｓ,１８Ｓ,ｒＤＮＡ为探针,用１５种限制性内切酶构建了猕猴属６个种（Ｍ．ｍｕｌａｔｔａ,Ｍ．ｆａｃｓｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓｆＭ．ａｒｃｔｏｉｄｅｓ,Ｍ．ａｓｓａｍｅｎｓｉｓ．Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａ．Ｍ。ｎｅｍｅｓｔｒｉｎａ）和滇金丝猴Ｒｈｉｎｏｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓｂｉｅｔｉ）,白颊长臂猿（Ｈｙｌｏｂａｔｅｓｌｅｕｃｏｇｅｎｙｓ）核糖体ＤＮＡ重复单位的限制性内切酶图谱,红面猴（Ｍ．ａｒｃｔｏｉｅｓ）与