陕西榆林地区两栖爬行动物调查

陕西北部榆林地区,两栖、爬行动物过去资料甚少。1983年6月16日—10月9日,笔者在府谷、神木、榆林、佳县、定边、绥德等县,对两栖、爬行动物做了调查。共捕获两栖纲动物标本572号,隶于5种(亚种),2属2科1目,陕西省新纪录:黑龙江林蛙Rana amurensis。共捕获爬行纲标本1001号,隶于11种(亚种),9属6科3目,陕西省新纪录:耳疣壁虎Gekko auriverrucosus、密点麻蜥指名亚种Eremias multiocellatu multiocellata、密点麻蜥叶城亚种E.m.yarkandensis。     

安徽绩溪发现淡绿鵙鹛

正淡绿鵙鹛(Pteruthius xanthochlorus)为不常见的留鸟,分布于海拔760~3 600 m的亚高山混交林及针叶林(约翰·马敬能等2000)。通常认为国内分布3个亚种,其中指名亚种记录于西藏东南部,亚种pallidus分布于云南、四川、重庆、甘肃南部及陕西南部,而亚种obscurus则间断地出现在福建、江西、浙江以及湖南壶瓶山等地(郑作新等1987,约翰·马敬能等2000,郑     

丽斑麻蜥

丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)是我国长江以北最为常见的一种小型蜥蜴,俗名麻蛇子。根据我们多年的研究并参考有关资料,对它们的生物学和生态学特性作综合介绍以供参考。分类和分布丽斑麻蜥属蜥蜴目、蜥蜴科、麻蜥属。迄今为止,全世界已发现的麻蜥有50种左右,我国现知9种,其中以丽斑麻蜥最为常见。该种的模式标本采于山东烟台。近年有人将分布于我国的丽斑麻蜥分为二个亚种,即指名亚种(E.a.argus)和北方亚种(E.a.barbouri)。前者分布于江苏、安徽、山东、河南和河北南部;后者则分布在辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、青海…     

东方田鼠的一新亚种——福建亚种

东方田鼠(Microtus fortis Buchner,1889)在我国有三个地理亚种:指名亚种(M.fortis fortis Buchner,1889)(分布于陕西、甘肃),华南亚种(M.fortis calamorum Thomas,1911)(分布于长江下游)和东方亚种(M.fortis pelliceus Thomas,1911)(分布于黑龙江、吉林)。作者于1957年先后在福建西北部的建阳、建瓯等地采到一批东方田鼠标本,     

广东鸟类一新纪录——褐胸噪鹛

褐胸噪鹛Garrulax maesi分布于中国、越南和老挝.全球有4个亚种,中国有3个亚种分布.指名亚种G. m. maesi见于中国贵州、云南和广西,国外分布于越南和老挝;西南亚种G. m. grahami分布于我国四川、云南、贵州和西藏;海南亚种G. m. castanotis仅见于我国海南岛;老挝亚种G. m. varennei分布于老挝的中部和东北部(郑作新等, 1987;赵正阶,2001;Dickinson,2003;郑光美,2005).在这些专著中均未提到广东有分布.     

新疆吐鲁番发现快步麻蜥指名亚种

快步麻蜥复合体（Eremias velox complex）分布于亚洲中部干旱区,不同地理居群形态和遗传变异较大。学界长期认为,快步麻蜥在我国有两个亚种：指名亚种（E.veloxvelox）和E.v.roborowskii亚种。前者分布于新疆准噶尔盆地和伊犁河谷;后者分布于新疆吐鲁番盆地,近年分类地位由亚种提升为种——吐鲁番麻蜥（E. roborowskii）。我们在吐鲁番市高昌区一万泉附近捕获到3只麻蜥,经过COI基因序列比对和系统发育关系重建以及外部形态比较,鉴定为快步麻蜥指名亚种。这是首次发现新疆天山以南存在快步麻蜥指名亚种分布,同时也确定为吐鲁番盆地的蜥蜴类分布新记录种,此发现可为研究快步麻蜥的谱系地理格局和演化历史提供基础资料。     

用mtDNA序列探讨羚牛亚种分类(偶蹄目:牛科)

羚牛4个亚种在我国均有分布,且四川亚种和秦岭亚种是我国的特产动物,但对于分布于甘肃南部羚牛种群的亚种归属则有着不同的观点。本文就羚牛3个亚种的分类地位从线粒体DNA细胞色素b和D－Loop序列水平上进行探讨,分析结果基本支持形态学上的亚种划分,但甘肃南部羚牛种群在两个DNA片段上均与羚牛四川亚种存在着一定的差异,而与秦岭亚种则完全一致。结合羚牛地理分布特点,认为将分布于甘肃南部的羚牛种群划分为羚牛秦岭亚种可能更合适。     

羚牛四川亚种在陕西秦岭分布的新记录

羚牛(Budorcastaxicolor),别名扭角羚,隶属偶蹄目牛科,有4个亚种,分别为指名亚种(B.t.taxicolor)、不丹亚种(B.t.whitei)、四川亚种(B.t.tibetana)和秦岭亚种(B.t.bedfordi),四川亚种和秦岭亚种为中国所特有(吴家炎,1986;吴家炎等,1990)。羚牛四川亚种(简称四川羚牛)分布于甘肃东南部、四川盆地西缘和西北缘的中高山地带,其分布区跨越岷山山系、邛崃山系、相岭山系、凉山山系、大雪山和沙鲁里山系(吴家炎等,1990;胡锦矗、魏辅文,1993;魏辅文、胡锦矗,1993);秦岭亚种(简称秦岭羚牛)仅分布于秦岭山脉的山地森林中(吴家炎等,1983,1990;吴家炎…     

河南省鸟类新纪录——震63鸦雀、红胸黑雁

2006年1月1日15:00时左右,在河南黄河湿地自然保护区孟津老城黄河高速桥东约50m(34°51′6″N,112°38′8″E)黄河南岸的芦苇丛中,发现5只震旦鸦雀(Parsdoxornis heudei).震旦鸦雀属雀形目(Passeriformes)鸦雀科(Parsdoxornithidae)鸦雀属,共有2个亚种,指名亚种(P.h.heudei)分布于湖北、江西西北部、江苏、上海、浙江,黑龙江亚种(P.h.polivanovi)分布于黑龙江、辽宁、河北、天津、内蒙古东北部(郑光美,2005).震旦鸦雀被<中国物种红色名录>列为近危(NT)物种(汪松,解焱,2004),在绝大多数分布区并不常见.在分布地为留鸟.这是首次在河南省被记录.     

辽宁朝阳和大连发现噪鹃

正噪鹃(Eudynamys scolopaceus)隶属于鹃形目(Cuculiformes)杜鹃科(Cuculidae),是一种专性巢寄生鸟类。在我国共分布有华南亚种E.s.chinensis和海南亚种E.s.harterti两个亚种,海南亚种目前只分布于海南,留鸟;华南亚种分布比较广泛,在北纬35°以南大部分地区都有分布,为夏候鸟(约翰·马敬能等2000),在河南、陕     

Thermal-physiological Strategies Underlying the Sympatric Occurrence of Three Desert Lizard Species

Sympatric reptiles are the ideal system for investigating temperature-driven coexistence. Understanding thermally physiological responses of sympatric lizards is necessary to reveal the physiological mechanisms that underpin the sympatric occurrence of reptiles. In this study, we used three lizard species, Eremias argus, E. multiocellata, and Phrynocephalus przewalskii, which are sympatric in the Inner Mongolia desert steppe, as a study system. By comparing their resting metabolic rates(RMR) and locomotion at different body temperatures, we aimed to better understand their physiological responses to thermal environments, which may explain the sympatric occurrence of these lizards. Our results showed that E. argus had significantly higher RMR and sprint speed than E. multiocellata, and higher RMR than P. przewalskii. In addition, the optimal temperature that maximized metabolic rates and locomotion for E. argus and E. multiocellata was 36°C, whereas for P. przewalskii it was 39°C. Our study revealed the physiological responses to temperatures that justify the sympatric occurrence of these lizards with different thermal and microhabitat preferences and active body temperatures. Eremias argus and E. multiocellata, which have lower body temperatures than P. przewalskii, depend on higher RMR and locomotion to compensate for their lower body temperatures in field conditions. Our study also highlights the importance of using an integrative approach, combining behavior and physiology, to explore the basis of sympatric occurrence in ectothermic species.     

三道眉草鹏的核型研究

三道眉草鸭(Emberiza cioides Brandt）属雀形目（Passeriformes),雀科（Fringillidae),分布于西伯利亚东南部、日本及我国的大部地区。在我国已有3个亚种的分化。这个种的核型尚未见报道。最近,我们对分布于长江中下游地区的亚种— E. C. Castanctceps Moore作了核型分析,兹报道如下。     

六种麻蜥核型的研究

报道麻蜥属(Eremias ,Lacertidae) 6种15个不同居群的染色体核型及银分带核型。丽斑麻蜥（E. argus）、快步麻蜥(E. velox)、敏麻蜥(E. arguta)、密点麻蜥(E. multiocellata)、网纹麻蜥（E. grammica ）的核型一致：2n=38=36I+ 2m,NF=38;虫纹麻蜥（E. vermiculata） 2n=38=12V+2sI+22I+2m, NF=50。中国麻蜥属的核型可分为3个类型：（1）丽斑麻蜥型（2）山地麻蜥(E. brenchleyi)型（3）虫纹麻蜥型。虫纹麻蜥核型演化有两种可能性（1）经历三倍体阶段,并通过罗伯逊易位形成;（2）通过染色体臂间倒位形成,倒位成因可能和天山山脉以及青藏高原的隆起有关。密点麻蜥、快步麻蜥、敏麻蜥、网纹麻蜥、虫纹麻蜥均观察到一对NOR于一对较小染色体对上。雌雄个体中均未发现性异型染色体。Abstract: Based on the Giemsa-dyeing karyotypes and silver-staining bands of 15 populations from different localities in China belonging to 6 species of the genus Eremias , We found all species studied have 19 pairs of chromosomes, the size of chromosomes reduces gradually and there are no marked differences between the arranged pairs of macrochromosomes except the last pair of microchromosome. There are the same karyotype formula as 2n=38=36I+2m with NF=38 in E. argus、 E. multiocellata、 E. velox、 E. arguta and E. grammica; but the karyotype formula of E.vermiculata is different as 2n=38=12V+2sI+22I+2m with NF=50. The NOR are all located on one small pair in female of E. velox, and E. arguta , in male of E. grammica and E. vermiculata ,and in both male and female of E. multiocellata. We have not found two or more than two pairs of NOR. Having one pair of NOR may be common in Genus Eremias and also the trait of Eremias. We speculate that the derivation of the karyotype of E.vermiculata had two possible way: one experienced the stage of triploid, and later the Robertsonian transposal of chromosomes; the other way was through the inversions between the arms on the chromosome and the phenomenon of inversions might occur during or subsequently after the upheaval of the Tibet and Qinghai plateau and the founding of the Tianshan . With regard to the trend of the evolution of chromosomes in the lizards [1], the karyotype of E.vermiculata is more advanced. Making specialties of E. vermiculata will help in building the phylogenic tree of Eremias. In both male and female of the species studied, the heteromorphic sex-chromosomes were not found.     

暗腹雪鸡的繁殖及食性

暗腹雪鸡 Tetraogallus himalayensis 属国家保护动物,郑作新等(1978)、沈孝宙等(1963)对其生态仅有零星报道。1984年4月至 1989年 5月,我们在甘肃东大山(39°00′—39°04′N;100°45′—100°51′E.)、冷龙岭(39°34′—38°14′N;101°49′—102°22′E.)和野马山(39°40′—39°50′N;95°15′—95°45′E.)对暗腹雪鸡青海亚种 T.h.koslowi 的繁殖和食性进行了研究。 一、暗腹雪鸡繁殖期的生态分布 在东大山,暗腹雪鸡繁殖期主要分布于海拔 2 400—3 200m的亚高山草甸、山地草原和荒漠草原。其中,山地草原是营巢区,余为觅食区。冷龙岭植被与东大山相似,暗腹雪鸡的生态分布也类似。野马山植被单调,暗腹雪鸡仅分布于山地草原。     

角尖眼蚤三亚种在甘肃分布的探讨(蚤目:细蚤科)

自1963年至今,我们结合鼠疫防治工作,陆续采集了262只角尖眼蚤的标本,鉴定后发现甘肃有三亚种,即角尖眼蚤指名亚种Ophthalmopsylla p.praefecta、角尖眼蚤深窦亚种Ophthalmopsylla p. pernix和Ophthalmopsylla p.lenta亚种。目前世界上关于角尖眼蚤共分四个亚种,除上述三亚种外,还有Ophthalmopsylla p.ecphora.Smit(1967)记述了各个亚种之间的区别及它们的地理分布,各亚种主要分布在蒙古的南半部和苏联     

Temperature acclimation affects thermal preference and tolerance in three Eremias lizards

We acclimated adult males of three Eremias lizards from different latitudes to 28℃,33℃ or 38℃ to examine whether temperature acclimation affects their thermal preference and tolerance and whether thermal preference and tolerance of these lizards correspond with their latitudinal distributions.Overall,selected body temperature（Tsel）and viable temperature range（VTR）were both highest in E.brenchleyi and lowest in E.multiocellata,with E.argus in between;critical thermal minimum（CTMin）was highest in E.multiocellata and lowest in E.brenchleyi,with E.argus in between;critical thermal maximum（CTMax）was lower in E.multiocellata than in other two species.Lizards acclimated to 28℃ and 38℃ overall selected lower body temperatures than those acclimated to 33℃;lizards acclimated to high temperatures were less tolerant of low temperatures,and vice versa;lizards acclimated to 28℃ were less tolerant of high temperatures but had a wider VTR range than those acclimated to 33℃ and 38℃.Lizards of three species acclimated to the three temperatures always differed from each other in CTMin,but not in Tsel,CTMax and VTR.Our results show that：temperature acclimation plays an important role in influencing thermal preference and tolerance in the three Eremias lizards,although the degrees to which acclimation temperature affects thermal preference and tolerance differ among species;thermal preference rather than tolerance of the three Eremias lizards corresponds with their latitudinal distributions.     

中国和印度猕猴(Macaca mulatta)两个种群颅骨的比较

中国云南中南部和印度的猕猴(Macaca mulatta)两个种群的颅骨形态以及等位基因的比较研究结果表明:两者的面宽、颅的形态大小和等位基因频率均存在较大差异。这些差异也分别存在于印度种群(M.m.mulatta)与西藏亚种(M.m.vestita),川西亚种(M.m.lasiotis),泰国种群和越南种群之间。在20个血蛋白等位基因中,仅约8个是各亚种或种群共有的,代表共同的离征或祖征。因此,云南中南部标本既不是印度指名亚种,也不是泰国的siamica亚种,其亚种名应重新厘定。大陆型分布的猕猴区域性种群之间的遗传异质性大于同质性。上述差异可能是随机遗传漂变的产物。     

甘肃省莲花山鬼鸮繁殖巢址记达

鬼鸮在世界上呈环北极分布,其甘肃亚种自1928年在甘肃西北部的天堂寺首次发现后,80多年来在甘肃一直未见报道,其它分布点亦非常零散.1999～2003年,作者在甘肃省莲花山区发现鬼鸮分布,并记录鬼鸮繁殖巢址3个.鬼鸮营巢于针叶树的树洞中,雌雄共同育雏.     

四川、青海和陕西省发现甘肃鼩鼱

<正>甘肃鼩鼱(Sorex cansulus)由Thomas (1912)根据采集于甘肃省洮州(今临潭县)的鼩鼱标本首次进行描述,为中国特有种,无亚种分化。多年来,甘肃鼩鼱的分布记录仅在模式产地甘肃临潭;后有来自西藏东部的分布记录(Smith和解焱,2009),但没有提供详细的地点,而Burgin和He(2018)认为甘肃鼩鼱不大可能分布在西藏;最近报道云南省西北部有甘肃鼩鼱的分布(宋文宇等,2021)。