共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Andrew B. Stein Todd K. Fuller Laurie L. Marker 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2008,17(14):3579-3587
In northcentral Namibia, Waterberg Plateau Park (WPP) is a protected area that acts as a refuge for rare and endangered species, while the farmlands surrounding the Park are managed for livestock production, but support populations of wildlife for game farming, trophy hunting, and conservation. During June–October 2006, camera-traps were set within and surrounding WPP to assess leopard (Panthera pardus) density (n = 19 camera stations and 946 camera-trap-nights). Fortuitously, photographic results (2,265 photos of identifiable mammal (n = 37) and bird (n = 25) species) allowed us to assess aspects of species diversity and differences among the Park, the farmland areas along the Waterberg Plateau escarpment, and the flatlands surrounding the escarpment. Species composition among the three areas was markedly different, and made sense with respect to differences in habitat and management features. Camera-trapping efforts, although intended for a narrow purpose, may also provide a rather robust record of differences in mammal and bird diversity in adjacent habitats and can be incorporated into long-term monitoring programs. 相似文献
2.
为了解北京雾灵山自然保护区野生动物资源现状,于2014年11月至2015年4月,在保护区内放置30台红外相机开展调查。结果共记录鸟类5目14科27种,兽类4目8科10种,其中勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)、红角鸮(Otus sunia)、纵纹腹小鸮(Athene noctua)和中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus)为国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物。鸟类物种数月变化剧烈。相对丰富度最高的6种动物为狍(Capreolus pygargus)(60.19)、红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythrorhyncha)(34.14)、星鸦(Nucifraga caryocatactes)(27.78)、岩松鼠(Sciurotamias davidianus)(23.34)、松鸦(Garrulus glandarius)(23.34)、中华斑羚(21.99)。对狍、岩松鼠、中华斑羚进行日活动节律分析,狍属晨昏活动型;中华斑羚有两个活动高峰;岩松鼠的日活动高峰集中在晨间,为单峰型。本研究提供了北京雾灵山部分鸟兽资源的最新动态现状及活动节律信息,同时表明红外相机在拍摄地栖性鸟类、大中型兽类、夜行性动物方面具有优势,而对于非地栖鸟类和小型兽类,红外相机有一定局限性。本研究为应用红外相机技术开展森林野生动物多样性监测提供了经验。 相似文献
3.
2015年1月至2017年12月,在陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区海拔1 200~2 500 m的57条大熊猫(Ailuropodamelanoleuca)活动频繁的巡护样线上,布设130台红外相机。累计红外相机有效工作日100 685 d,共拍摄到大熊猫有效独立照片1 831张。将红外相机拍摄的有效照片和相机工作日依据不同竹种类型及保护站归类,对大熊猫季节性空间分布与活动模式进行研究。结果表明:(1)大熊猫春季活动最为频繁,在巴山木竹(Bashania fargesii)林和秦岭箭竹(Fargesia qinlingensis)林中相对多度分别是2.89和3.72;其次是冬季,在巴山木竹林和秦岭箭竹林中的相对多度分别是2.95和2.74。3月份是其活动高峰,巴山木竹林和秦岭箭竹林中的相对多度指数都是最高;11、12和1月份,大熊猫在巴山木竹林中相对多度指数高于秦岭箭竹林;2至10月份,大熊猫在秦岭箭竹林中的相对多度指数都要高于巴山木竹林。(2)大熊猫在佛坪保护区各个保护站均有分布,且存在季节性空间分布差异。三官庙和西河保护站全年的12个月都能够捕获到大熊猫的身影,是大熊猫分布相对多度最高的... 相似文献
4.
红外相机技术在陕西观音山自然保护区兽类监测研究中的应用 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
国外使用红外相机技术开展野生动物调查研究已有较长的历史,最早的报道见于Champion(1927),在20世纪90年代逐渐发展成熟,广泛用于动物种群数量和密度的研究.如应用红外相机和种群捕获模型(Capture-recapture)对印度Nagarahole国家公园的孟加拉虎(Panthera tigris)的种群数量和密度的研究(Karanth,1995;Karanth和Nichols;1998),验证了红外相机技术与种群捕获模型的结合在孟加拉虎种群预测方面的优势,有效解决了监测中孟加拉虎数量稀少、活动隐秘等问题. 相似文献
5.
Sheng Li William J. McShea Dajun Wang Zhi Lu Xiaodong Gu 《Diversity & distributions》2012,18(12):1166-1176
6.
2014年7月至2018年10月,利用20台红外相机监测陕西观音山国家级自然保护区一条内部道路对兽类和鸟类活动的影响.监测期间获得照片16168张,共鉴定到13种兽类和14种鸟类,包括4种国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物和7种国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物.结果 显示,距道路的距离越远,出现的物种种类越多.有2种兽类只活动于距离道路... 相似文献
7.
为进一步查清云南省文山国家级自然保护区老君山片区地栖鸟兽多样性、常见物种活动节律及其与人畜活动的关系,2019年8月—2020年3月分两次在老君山片区布设73个红外相机监测位点,除丢失损坏及无效相机外,59个相机位点共调查到鸟兽62种,其中兽类5目11科17属21种,鸟类5目14科31属41种。国家二级重点保护野生动物有熊猴(Macaca assamensis)、红面猴(Macaca arctoides)、斑林狸(Prionodon pardicolor)、白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae)、栗头八色鸫(Pitta oatesi)等12种,其中有4种仅在核心区分布;中国特有哺乳动物2种:侧纹岩松鼠(Rupestes forresti)和红白鼯鼠(Petaurista alborufus)。新增兽类记录4种,鸟类记录17种。鸟类中相对多度指数较高的种类为红喉山鹧鸪(Arborophila rufogularis)和白鹇(Lophura nycthemera),兽类为红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)和侧纹岩松鼠。生态位相似的红喉山鹧鸪和白鹇之... 相似文献
8.
2019年12月—2021年1月,利用红外相机技术在广西恩城国家级自然保护区内布设了58个红外相机监测位点,对保护区内的兽类及地栖性鸟类多样性开展监测。本次监测共完成17 332个相机工作日,累计获得独立有效照片6 680张。共鉴定出兽类5目13科20种,鸟类9目20科61种,其中黑叶猴(Trachypithecus francoisi)为国家一级重点保护野生动物,26种为国家二级重点保护野生动物。被中国脊椎动物红色名录评估为濒危(EN)的有2种,易危(VU) 6种,近危(NT) 19种。物种相对多度指数(RAI)最高的兽类是小泡巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsi),鸟类是白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)。本次监测初步掌握了广西恩城国家级自然保护区内的兽类及地栖性鸟类的种类组成和相对多度指数,为后续开展野生动物研究与保护管理工作提供基础资料。 相似文献
9.
Human disturbance has been identified as a contributing factor to the worldwide changes in wildlife ecology. Particularly, the human disturbance forced wildlife from diurnal to nocturnal activity patterns. However, the impact of human disturbances on the spatiotemporal patterns small- and medium-sized terrestrial mammals is unknown. In this study, we then aimed to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic factors on spatial pattern and to clarify the differences in temporal patterns between human disturbed and undisturbed habitats. Our camera trap survey was conducted in northern Gifu Prefecture in central Japan from November 2019 to April 2021. We investigated the impact of human activity on relative abundance indices and the influence of the quantitative difference in human activities on diel activity patterns of 12 terrestrial mammals. In this study, the human population and bamboo forest category negatively affected the RAIs of sika deer and wild boars. Moreover, Asian black bears and wild boars showed crepuscular/nocturnal and cathemeral activity in the human undisturbed habitat, respectively, and nocturnal activity in the human disturbed habitat. Consequently, three large mammals avoided human activity temporally (Asian black bears), spatially (sika deer), and spatiotemporally (wild boars). On the other hand, there was no significant impact of human activity on the spatiotemporal patterns of other mammals. However, it is necessary for residents in the human disturbed habitat to be recognize the risk of human-wildlife conflicts. 相似文献
10.
11.
Royle JA 《Biometrics》2006,62(1):97-102
Models for estimating the probability of occurrence of a species in the presence of imperfect detection are important in many ecological disciplines. In these \"site occupancy\" models, the possibility of heterogeneity in detection probabilities among sites must be considered because variation in abundance (and other factors) among sampled sites induces variation in detection probability (p). In this article, I develop occurrence probability models that allow for heterogeneous detection probabilities by considering several common classes of mixture distributions for p. For any mixing distribution, the likelihood has the general form of a zero-inflated binomial mixture for which inference based upon integrated likelihood is straightforward. A recent paper by Link demonstrates that in closed population models used for estimating population size, different classes of mixture distributions are indistinguishable from data, yet can produce very different inferences about population size. I demonstrate that this problem can also arise in models for estimating site occupancy in the presence of heterogeneous detection probabilities. The implications of this are discussed in the context of an application to avian survey data and the development of animal monitoring programs. 相似文献
12.
哺乳动物是生态系统的重要类群,其多样性是生态系统功能的基础。为梳理大熊猫国家公园唐家河片区林栖哺乳动物的物种多样性现状、分布特征及结构,本文整理了2017年3月至2018年12月布设于森林生境的215台红外触发相机数据,初步分析了林栖哺乳动物活动的海拔与季节变化,以及相对丰富度最高的5种有蹄类的海拔分布及日活动节律。经统计,相机累计工作日达47 196 d,获得独立有效照片73 635张,共识别到哺乳动物4目12科22种,分别隶属于灵长目(n=3)、啮齿目(n=4)、食肉目(n=8)和鲸偶蹄目(n=7),包括国家一级重点保护野生动物5种,国家二级重点保护野生动物8种。相对多度指数(RAI,IRA)前5的林栖哺乳动物分别是小麂(Muntiacus reevesi,IRA=340.46)、野猪(Sus scrofa,IRA=192.61)、扭角羚(Budorcas taxicolor,IRA=188.01)、中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus,IRA=101.37)和藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana,IRA=68.60)。经分析,唐家河林栖哺乳动物多样性结构有如下特征:(1)依据哺乳动物相对多度指数,不同海拔区间的物种多样性呈单峰形特征,高海拔段(2 101~2 700 m,IRA=570.5±199.5)显著低于中海拔段(1 601~2 100 m,IRA=1 355.1±785.1)和低海拔段(1 200~1 600 m,IRA=1 223.8±1 017.8)。其中,中海拔段均匀度指数(J)和Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)均最高(J=0.74,H′=2.17),低海拔段(J=0.60,H′=1.82)和高海拔段(J=0.59,H′=1.77)依次降低。(2)冬季(IRA=936.1±809.6)和春季(IRA=870.5±598.6)的物种丰富度显著低于秋季(IRA=1 336.7±1 087.9,P <0.05),夏季物种丰富度(IRA=1 178.3±1 032.2)和秋季、春季以及冬季间无显著差异。均匀度指数随季节的变化趋势为,夏季(J=0.69)、秋季(J=0.67)、春季(J=0.67)、冬季(J=0.66)依次降低。Shannon-Wiener指数秋季最高(H′=2.05),夏季次之(H′=2.03),春季(H′=2.00)和冬季(H′=2.00)最低。(3)小麂(ρ=﹣0.6)、野猪(ρ=﹣0.25)和中华斑羚(ρ=﹣0.35)相对丰富度均与海拔呈负相关,扭角羚(ρ=0.48)及毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)(ρ=0.31)相对丰富度与海拔呈正相关。小麂(IRA=1 318.6±795.4)、野猪(IRA=1 046.5±748.2)和中华斑羚(IRA=280.9±117.6)相对丰富度最高的海拔段均为1 400~1 600 m;毛冠鹿相对丰富度最高(IRA=131.6±85.7)的海拔段则位于1 800~2 000 m;扭角羚相对丰富度最高(IRA=384.6±123.3)的海拔段是2 600~2 800 m。(4)毛冠鹿、扭角羚、小麂和中华斑羚日活动节律均呈现双峰形,且偏向晨昏活动,7:00~9:00时和17:00~19:00时是活动高峰,12:00~14:00时为活动低谷,仅毛冠鹿与小麂、扭角羚日活动节律存在显著差异(P<0.05);野猪日活动节律近似单峰形,17:00~19:00时是活动高峰。本研究显示,充分利用哺乳动物多样性监测数据能够有效识别区域性生物多样性名录中的存疑物种,有助于获得更加客观的生物多样性评估,有利于管理机构更加精准地定位保护管理问题。 相似文献
13.
利用红外相机对高黎贡山中段西坡兽类和鸟类多样性初步调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高黎贡山地区属于全球生物多样性热点地区之一。长期以来,受地形复杂且植被浓密等限制,对该地区生物多样性现状缺乏全面深入的调查。2013年11月至2015年9月期间,通过布设红外相机,我们对云南高黎贡山国家级自然保护区西坡怒江州泸水县片马区域的兽类和鸟类多样性进行了初步调查,试图进一步补充该区域鸟兽多样性本底资料。调查期内共监测了41个不同相机位点,累计9,503个相机日,拍摄到808组独立有效照片。经鉴定包括兽类21种和鸟类24种,分属于10目21科38属,其中怒江金丝猴Rhinopithecus strykeri是近年来在高黎贡山地区新发现的灵长类动物。灵长目、肉食目、偶蹄目、雀形目、鸡形目和啮齿目等类群的相对多样性指数较高,且分布广泛。进一步对7种丰富度较高物种的出现时间段分析发现:(1)熊猴Macacaassamensis、怒江金丝猴和血雉Ithaginis cruentus的日活动规律峰值出现在上午和下午;(2)橙腹长吻松鼠Dremomys lokriah和紫啸鸫Myophonus caeruleus的日活动高峰出现在中午,但前者在黄昏活动相对较多;(3)黄喉貂Martes flavigula和野猪Sus scrofa具有一定的夜行性,但野猪的夜行性更强。本研究提供了高黎贡山中段西坡兽类和鸟类多样性现状的基础数据,有助于今后深入研究和推进本地区生物多样性保护。 相似文献
14.
利用红外相机技术对九连山国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类资源的初步调查 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
九连山国家级自然保护区是我国中亚热带与南亚热带常绿阔叶林的过渡地带,动植物种类丰富多样。为进一步掌握该保护区野生动物资源现状,我们于2014年11月至2015年7月在保护区布设了31个红外相机监测点,对大中型兽类和林下活动鸟类进行了初步摸底调查。相机累计工作4 692个捕获日,共获得有动物的独立有效照片3 341张,鉴定出鸟兽物种共10目16科33种(兽类12种,鸟类21种)。属于国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物有斑灵狸(Prionodon pardicolor)、白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)和灰脸鵟鹰(Butastur indicus)等。兽类以赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)、白腹鼠种类(Niviventer rats)、小泡巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsi)和倭松鼠(Tamiops maritimus)等物种的相对丰富度指数较高。相对丰富度指数较高的鸟类物种依次为白鹇、紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus)和黑领噪鹛(Garrulax pectoralis)等。结合以往记录,灰头绿啄木鸟(Picus canus)、乌灰鸫(Turdus cardis)、绿翅金鸠(Chalcophaps indica)、白眉鸫(Turdus obscurus)和白冠燕尾(Enicurus leschenaulti)等为保护区的鸟类新记录种。本研究的调查结果为进一步在九连山自然保护区开展鸟兽资源的长期监测奠定了基础。 相似文献
15.
区域的物种多样性监测和评估是制定保护和管理策略的重要基础。为评估小相岭山系大中型兽类多样性现状,于2018年1月至2020年11月,以区域内最具代表性的四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区和四川冶勒省级自然保护区为主要研究区域,采用红外相机公里网格陷阱法进行了调查 (n = 86台)。累计完成19 982个相机工作日,获得大中型兽类独立有效照片3 304张,共记录大中型野生兽类18种,隶属于4目12科。其中,国家一级重点保护野生动物有大熊猫 (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、林麝 (Moschus berezovskii) 和金猫 (Catopuma temminckii);国家二级重点保护野生动物有亚洲黑熊 (Ursus thibetanus)、中华小熊猫 (Ailurus styani)、水鹿 (Rusa unicolor) 等10种,且水鹿为该区域的新分布记录。相对多度指数排名前五的种类分别是毛冠鹿 (Elaphodus cephalophus)、中华鬣羚 (Capricornis milneedwardsii)、野猪 (Sus scrofa)、黄喉貂 (Martes flavigula) 和猪獾 (Arctonyx collaris)。由于面积大小、海拔范围的不同,两个保护区在大中型兽类组成和相对多度方面存在一定的差异。放牧是小相岭山系两个自然保护区最主要的人为干扰。本调查为小相岭山系保护区大中型兽类及人为活动状况提供了基础数据,有助于保护区后续的保护和管理。 相似文献
16.
This study assesses the suitability of camera trapping as a method for detecting the European mink and determining its distribution in a region located in southwestern Europe. Using this technique, 98 river stretches were surveyed, resulting in the detection of 11 species of carnivores. A high photographic rate was obtained for the European mink, and we were able to get a picture of its distribution area in the year 2000. No seasonal differences were found in the efficiency of the method used. Camera trapping is an effective technique that provides quick updates of the distribution of the European mink and may be used in programs monitoring this species. 相似文献
17.
In wet eucalypt forest with a rainforest understorey the vegetation adjacent to first order streams does not form a distinct
riparian strip. This study investigated the riparian response of terrestrial ground-dwelling beetles adjacent to four such
streams in Tasmania, Australia. Beetle assemblages varied more between the four sites than they did with distance from stream
within sites, where they exhibited a measurable but subtle riparian response. The extent of the riparian zone varied between
the four study sites, with a 1–5 m riparian zone at three sites and a gradually changing community up to 50–100 m upslope
at one site. There was a trend for greater between plot variability immediately adjacent to the streams, possibly because
this is a more highly disturbed environment. None of the habitat variables measured were consistently associated with riparian
or upslope assemblages of beetles, probably explaining the subtlety of the beetles’ riparian response. Forest conservation
efforts for terrestrial species should not necessarily be focused on the riparian zone in preference to upslope areas. 相似文献
18.
Rosemary Hohnen Brett P. Murphy Jody A. Gates Sarah Legge Chris R. Dickman John C. Z. Woinarski 《Conservation Science and Practice》2019,1(1):e4
Reliable and cost-effective monitoring methods are a critical component of conservation management practices that work to prevent the extinction of threatened species. We evaluated the best means of monitoring the threatened Kangaroo Island dunnart (Sminthopsis fuliginosus aitkeni, hereafter KI dunnart). Variation in detection probability and cost was examined between four trapping methods. We then compared the occupancy of the KI dunnart in a 2017–2018 survey to a survey from 1999 to 2001. Across the 2017–2018 survey, the KI dunnart was detected at only five sites and was detected most frequently using camera traps on drift fence lines. The taxon was estimated to occupy 27% (95% confidence interval: 7–65%) of sites in the eucalypt woodlands of western KI. Of the methods that have successfully detected KI dunnarts, cameras on fence lines were the most cost-effective. Power analysis suggests that future monitoring surveys in spring and autumn must survey at least 55 sites to be capable of detecting a 60% decline in the KI dunnart population, and 26 sites to detect an 80% decline. Ongoing intensive monitoring is required to assess the population trajectory of the taxon and support its persistence on the island in the long term. 相似文献
19.
Michelle I. Fasona;Andrew J. Gregory;Princess O. Okimiji;Olumide Oni;Rosemary I. Egonmwan; 《African Journal of Ecology》2024,62(2):e13269
This study investigates the response of large mammal populations to human-induced modifications in the Omo-Shasha-Oluwa Forest Reserves landscape. The impact of habitat alterations on species diversity and distribution remains poorly understood in this region. Over four seasons from May 2017 to April 2019, 52 sites were surveyed, revealing the presence of 12 large mammal species across six families. Maxwell's duiker exhibited the highest overall occupancy (0.897 ± 0.062), while the Forest elephant had the lowest (0.115 ± 0.043). Forest buffalo experienced the greatest increase in site occupancy (0.290 ± 0.076 to 0.358 ± 0.098), whereas the Mona monkey saw the most significant decrease (0.713 to 0.651). The study employed single-species, multi-season occupancy modelling, predicting colonisation and extinction events solely for the civet (ϒ = 0.347 ± 0.154; ε = 0.041 ± 0.031) and Red river hog (ϒ = 0.158 ± 0.098; ε = 0.098 ± 0.059). The likelihood of Civet cat and Red river hog colonisation increased with distance from the nearest settlement. These findings enhance our understanding of habitat characteristics influencing large mammal distribution, offering valuable insights for the conservation of these species in forest landscapes. 相似文献
20.
2017年3月—2018年3月期间,采用红外相机技术调查了桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区内鸟类和兽类的物种多样性。红外相机监测期间,共累计4442个相机日,获得野生动物独立有效照片1003张,其中兽类独立有效照片683张,共4目9科16种;鸟类独立有效照片320张,共9目23科46种;保护区内兽类相对丰富度最高的是小麂(Muntiacus reevesi),鸟类丰富度最高的是黑领噪鹛(Garrulax perspicillatus);其中国家Ⅰ级保护动物有2种,梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)和白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti);国家Ⅱ级保护动物有6种,分别为小灵猫(Viverricula indica)、勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)、白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、草鸮(Tyto longimembris)、红角鸮(Otus sunia)和松雀鹰(Accipiter virgatus)。红外相机在灌丛中拍摄率最高,在草甸中拍摄率最低。通过稀疏外推曲线对物种多样性进行估计可得,保护区实际的物种数远大于监测到的物种数,因此有待继续进行长期监测。通过物种与相机位点的PCA排序图可知,各个相机位点和物种的相关性较强。调查结果为保护区提供了重要的兽类和鸟类资源信息,为保护区对野生动物的有效管理和长期监测提供了数据支持。 相似文献