球衣菌合成聚羟基烷酸(PHA)的发酵研究

研究了球衣菌 (Sphaerotilussp.)W991 3 6合成聚羟基烷酸 (PHA)的培养基配方及发酵条件。结果表明 ,W991 3 6适宜发酵培养基配方为 :葡萄糖 1 0 2 5g/L ,蛋白胨 2 6 3g/L ,MgSO4·7H2 O 0 1 7g/L ,CaCl2 0 0 5g/L ,NaH2 PO4·2H2 O 0 0 2g/L ,K2 HPO40 0 4g/L ,KH2 PO40 0 3g/L ;最佳接种量为 0 1 3 8g (干 ) / 1 0 0mL ,培养基适宜初     

生物降解塑料聚羟基烷酸(PHA)的研究进展

本文在对聚羟基烷酸 (PHA)的结构和性质介绍的基础上 ,从实际工业应用的角度综述了国内外近年来有关它的生物合成、提取及应用的研究进展     

活性污泥法生产聚羟基烷酸（PHA）

介绍了厌氧-好氧活性污泥法生产生物降解塑料PHA的生化机制及增加活性污泥中PHA含量的新方法.     

球衣菌合成聚羟基烷酸（PHA）的发醇研究

研究了球衣菌（Sphaerotilus sp.)W99136合成聚羟基烷酸（PHA）的培养基配方及发酵条件,结果表明,W99136适宜发醇培养基配方为：葡萄糖10.25g/L,蛋白胨2.63g/L,MgSO4.7H2O0.17g/L,CaCl0.05g/L,NaH2PO4.2H2O0.02G/l,K2HPO40.04g/L,KH2PO40.03g/L ,最佳接种量为0.138g(干）100mL,培养基适宜初始pH为7.0-7.5,发酵36h可获得较大的细胞干重与PHA产量,经H-NMR与GC分析,其PHA为羟基丁酸与羟基戊酸共聚体P(HB-co-HV) ,其中羟基戊酸（HV）含量达39．3％。     

混合培养中巨大芽孢杆菌对氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌的作用

为查明维生素Ｃ二步发酵混合培养中巨大芽孢杆菌与氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌间的关系,通过生长曲线测定、静息细胞实验及摇瓶发酵实验研究了巨大芽孢杆菌对氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌生长和产生２－酮基－Ｌ－古龙酸作用的影响;采用超滤分离、凝胶层析及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对巨大芽孢杆菌胞外液中具有促进氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌产酸作用的活性物质进行了分离和纯化。结果表明,大菌胞内液和胞外液均可促进小菌生长,大菌胞外液中具有该作用的组分分子     

聚羟基烷酸酯 (PHA) 改性研究进展

本文简述了生物制造聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA),包括聚3-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)、聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV)、聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-4-羟基丁酸酯)(P3/4HB)、聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基己酸酯)(PHBH)的产业化现状,综述了针对PHA材料热稳定性差、加工窗口较窄等缺点而进行的一些改性研究。选用适当方法对PHA进行改性,可使其性能得到优化,应用领域得到拓展。     

球形红杆菌积累聚β-羟基链烷酸(PHA)的研究

通过对球形红杆菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)生长和积累聚卢-羟基链烷酸(PHA)条件的研究,确定采用两段培养法提高PHA的产量。第一阶段提供适合菌体生长的条件:以葡萄糖作碳源,尿素为氮源,光照微好氧培养。第二阶段则提供使菌体积累PHA的条件:补加乙酸钠厌氧光照培养。经两段培养后菌体PHA含量可占细胞干重的45％,PHA产量每升发酵液可达1.7g。     

球形红杆菌积累聚β-羟基链烷酸(PHA)的研究

通过对球形红杆菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)生长和积累聚卢-羟基链烷酸(PHA)条件的研究,确定采用两段培养法提高PHA的产量。第一阶段提供适合菌体生长的条件:以葡萄糖作碳源,尿素为氮源,光照微好氧培养。第二阶段则提供使菌体积累PHA的条件:补加乙酸钠厌氧光照培养。经两段培养后菌体PHA含量可占细胞干重的45％,PHA产量每升发酵液可达1.7g。     

利用废弃物发酵法生产聚羟基烷酸PHAs

聚羟基烷酸(PHAs)是一种可降解聚合物,与石化塑料相比它具有生物降解性及生物相容性等优点,在不久的将来必然有广阔的应用前景。生产PHAs的主要方法是发酵法,在过去的几十年里传统的深层发酵法生产PHAs的工艺已经得到深入的研究,近些年固态发酵法生产PHAs也吸引了越来越多研究者的关注。     

球形红杆菌积累聚β-羟基链烷酸(PHA)的研究

通过对球形红杆菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)生长和积累聚卢-羟基链烷酸(PHA)条件的研究,确定采用两段培养法提高PHA的产量。第一阶段提供适合菌体生长的条件:以葡萄糖作碳源,尿素为氮源,光照微好氧培养。第二阶段则提供使菌体积累PHA的条件:补加乙酸钠厌氧光照培养。经两段培养后菌体PHA含量可占细胞干重的45％,PHA产量每升发酵液可达1.7g。     

谷氨酸一钠制备新工艺研究

本文介绍了从谷氨酸发酵液中直接生产谷氨酸一钠（味精）的现实性与可能性;探讨了新工艺的最佳条件。     

酶法拆分制备(R)-苯基缩水甘油醚及缓冲体系对产物光学纯度的影响

新筛选出一株能选择性水解外消旋苯基缩水甘油醚(GPE)的菌株Bacillus megateriumZJUZQ-001,研究了其动力学拆分苯基缩水甘油醚条件,包括时间、温度、缓冲液类型和离子强度的影响。相比其他体系,硼酸缓冲液(100 mmol/L,pH 8.2)e.e._s值可以从91.2%提高到99.5%,E值从25.0提高到46.8,底物浓度从60 mmol/L增加到90 mmol/L。     

代谢工程构建重组耶氏解脂酵母生产中长链聚羟基脂肪酸酯

中长链聚羟基脂肪酸酯(mcl-PHA)是一大类由微生物合成的天然生物聚酯,因具有可再生性和生物降解性越来越受到人们的关注。Mcl-PHA可由一些假单胞菌类利用自身的脂肪酸合成途径或β-氧化途径来合成。耶氏解脂酵母具有很好的脂/脂肪酸分解代谢能力,但是它体内缺乏PHA合成酶不能合成mcl-PHA。采用代谢工程策略构建重组解脂酵母,外源表达来自铜绿假单胞菌PAO1(Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1)的PHA合成酶。在PHA合成酶的C端添加PTS1过氧化物酶体定位信号序列,使其在过氧化物酶体内发挥功能,并对其编码基因PhaC1进行密码子优化得到oPhaC1。利用pINA1312载体构建表达框,借助载体上的zeta序列元件将oPhaC1基因表达框整合至酵母基因组,完成基因的稳定表达。重组菌PSOC在葡萄糖为唯一碳源的培养基中几乎不产PHA,添加0.5%的油酸时可合成占细胞干重0.67%的mcl-PHA。在含三油酸甘油酯的培养基中发酵72h产生1.51% mcl-PHA(wt%)。实验结果充分证明重组解脂酵母作为有潜力的微生物细胞工厂可以用于生产mcl-PHA,也为将来利用富含油脂和其他营养的餐厨垃圾水解液等廉价资源生产mcl-PHA打下基础。     

Cyanate is transported by the nitrate permease in Azotobacter chroococcum

Abstract Azotobacter chroococcum cells exhibiting the capacity to take up nitrate actively could transport [¹⁴C]cyanate. This activity was dependent on the nitrogen source present in the culture medium, ammonium acting as a repressor and nitrate as an inducer. The uptake of cyanate required metabolic energy and was absent from A. Chroococcum TR1, a mutant strain lacking the nitrate transport system, but was present at wild-type levels in A. chroococcum E4, a mutant strain deficient in nitrate reductase. These results show that cyanate is transported by the nitrate permease in A. chroococcum and therefore [¹⁴C]cyanate may be useful as a nitrate analogue for studies on nitrate transport.     

Vc 二步发酵中的微生物生态调控

研究了Vc二步混合菌发酵中氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌与巨大芽孢杆菌的生长和相互作用。结果表明,2株混合菌在发酵中可形成一种协同共生,促进2－酮基－L－古龙酸产生;二菌协同共生的过程及条件不同,促进产酸能力亦不同。环境因子影响二菌协同共生,优化环境因子可显著改善二菌协同共生效率,并提高醇到发酵转化率。     

Production of heat-stable exotoxin by Bacillus thuringiensis and related bacteria

Heat-stable exotoxin production by 740 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis and related bacteria was investigated using the housefly, Musca domestica, from the following viewpoints: (1) the relation-ship between B. thuringiensis flagellar (H) serotypes and exotoxin production and (2) the exotoxin production by Bacillus species other than B. thuringiensis. Of 437 isolates belonging to 11 serotypes of B. thuringiensis which had been confirmed to produce parasporal inclusions, 35 isolates belonging to serotypes 1, 3a:3b, 4a:4c, and 10 produced heat-stable exotoxin. Exotoxin was not detected in the isolates of serotypes 3a, 4a:4b, 5a:5b, 5a:5c, 6, 7, and 8a:8b. No heat-stable exotoxin was demonstrated in 28 acrystalliferous isolates which possessed H antigens of B. thuringiensis serotypes 1, 3a, 4a:4b, 4a:4c, 5a:5c, 6, 7, 10, 11a:11c, and 12. A total of 270 B. cereus isolates which did not possess B. thuringiensis H antigen were examined and three isolates were found to produce heat-stable exotoxin. No heat-stable exotoxin was produced by B. subtilis (two strains), B. natto (one strain), and B. megaterium (two strains). These results indicate that the heat-stable exotoxin production in B. thuringiensis is a strain-specific property rather than a serotype(subspecies)-specific property.     

Polyhydroxyalkanoates production from carbohydrates by a genetic recombinant Aeromonas sp.

Aims: To develop an Aeromonas strain able to utilize inexpensive carbon sources such as starch for the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Methods and Results: A recombinant Aeromonas sp. (strain KC007‐1) was constructed by introducing the PHB synthesis genes (phaCAB) into the bacterium. Strain KC001‐R1 can not only use carbohydrate (including starch) for growth but also accumulate significant amounts of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in the cells. Conclusions: One of the present focuses on PHA production has been on lowering the production costs. Starch is an example of an inexpensive carbohydrate for use in industrial production of PHA. We have demonstrated that by introducing the phaCAB operon into Aeromonas sp. allowed the bacterium able to accumulated PHB using this substrate. Significance and Impact of the Study: Aeromonas spp. are able to synthesize PHA using fatty acids as carbon source. Although good robust growth results with use of starch as sole carbon source for Aeromonas, PHA synthesis does not occur. Strain KC007‐R1 showed the ability to accumulate PHA in relative high amount with both carbohydrates and fatty acids as carbon source, and can be cultivated to a significant amount of cell mass and hence is a potential strain for further development for industrial applications.     

Correlation between nitrate uptake rate and nitrate inhibition of nitrogenase activity in Azotobacter chroococcum

In Azotobacter chroococcum cells exhibiting both nitrate (nitrite) assimilation ability and nitrogen fixation capability, the extent of nitrogenase activity inhibition by nitrate or nitrite positively correlated (r = 0.922) with the rate of nitrate (nitrite) taken up by the cells. These results corroborate our previous proposal that the anion must be assimilated to exert its inhibitory effect, and indicate that the inhibition is a graded rather than an all-or-none process.     

共生发酵无醇饮料新工艺的研究

随着经济的发展,食品结构的改变,人们对饮料的要求越来越高,而且朝着原料天然化,营养保健型发展。现有的配制饮料或单菌种发酵饮料,都无法满足这种需求。因此,开发一种新型饮料已成为国内外研究的方向。 一种发酵产品的内含,除与工艺条件和     

光照混菌培养应用研究进展

光合细菌与其他微生物在光照条件下混合培养是近年来的研究热点。综述了光照混菌培养的特点和目前光照混菌培养在水体净化、生物制氢和高价值物质生产方面的应用,并对影响混合菌株生长代谢与繁殖的因素做了总结。分析表明菌株之间存在的相互协同共生作用能促进微生物的生长繁殖,使底物被充分利用,提高物质产率。光照混菌培养工艺简单、成本较低,在水体净化、生物制氢、高价值物质生产方面的应用具有相当好的效果。在影响因素中对混合培养影响最大的因素是菌株接种量、接种比和培养基pH。在总结光照混菌培养应用现存不足的基础上,对其发展前景作出展望。