磷酸二酯酶5在小鼠卵巢内的表达

目的探讨cGMP特异性结合的磷酸二酯酶5（PDE5）在小鼠卵巢内的定位和表达情况。方法应用免疫组织化学对小鼠卵巢切片进行染色,检测PDE5在卵巢内不同部位的表达情况。利用Western blot检测PDE5在小鼠不同组织和细胞内的表达情况。结果PDE5在小鼠卵巢的黄体细胞（CL）和卵泡膜细胞（TC）上有强表达,卵母细胞（Oos）上以及大有腔卵泡的卵丘细胞（CCs）也有表达,而在小卵泡的颗粒细胞上没有表达。结论揭示了PDE5在小鼠卵巢内的表达情况,为进一步研究PDE5对卵巢功能的调节提供了生理学基础。     

二氯乙酸钠和氯喹联合整合素亚单位的shRNA的协同抗肿瘤作用

目的:探究二氯乙酸钠、氯喹和表达整合素β3、β5亚单位的shRNA的重组病毒协同抗肿瘤作用。方法:探究二氯乙酸钠、氯喹和表达整合素β3、β5亚单位的shRNA的重组病毒对肝癌细胞株HepG2皮下异种移植瘤生长的影响,通过免疫组化试验检测药物对肿瘤血管生成、肿瘤细胞凋亡、增殖的影响。结果:在小鼠HepG2皮下移植瘤体内试验中可见单用氯喹对肿瘤生长抑制作用明显弱于单用二氯乙酸钠或两者合用,两药联合使用对肝癌细胞株HepG2产生的小鼠皮下移植瘤具有良好的抑制生长作用,并且使得小鼠能够很好地耐受氯喹,荷瘤所致的小鼠体重下降也得到缓解。单用表达整合素β3、β5亚单位的shRNA腺病毒对肿瘤抑制作用弱,合用两个化合物和表达整合素β3、β5亚单位的shRNA腺病毒则对小鼠HepG2移植瘤生长产生持续抑制作用,并减少单用表达整合素β3、β5亚单位的shRNA腺病毒对体重的影响。HE染色结果显示,给药后各组细胞结构被破坏,CD31和Ki67染色显示用药各组同步减少,TUNEL染色显示用药后各组细胞凋亡增加,其中二氯乙酸钠/氯喹/整合素β5和β3 shRNA腺病毒组最为明显,结果表明二氯乙酸钠/氯喹/整合素β5和β3 shRNA腺病毒联用具有显著的抗肿瘤生长作用,其机制是降低肿瘤的微血管密度、抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖和增加肿瘤细胞凋亡。结论:二氯乙酸钠、氯喹和表达整合素亚单位的shRNA的重组病毒进行组合具有协同抗肿瘤作用,为联合用药的设计及应用提供了参考。     

法舒地尔对急性心肌梗死大鼠心肌组织中Rho激酶的影响及心肌保护作用(英文)

目的:分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)后大鼠心肌组织Rho激酶表达的变化及心肌细胞凋亡情况,观察法舒地尔对急性心肌梗死(AMI)后大鼠心肌组织Rho激酶表达的影响,探讨法舒地尔对心梗后心肌的保护作用。方法:选取雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为三组:治疗组、AMI组、假手术组。治疗组及AMI组均结扎左前降支(LAD)制作AMI模型;假手术组只在其LAD下穿线不结扎。治疗组给予法舒地尔5mg/kg,腹腔注射,每日两次;对照组和假手术组给予等量生理盐水。1周后,EvensBlue及NBT双染色确定缺血面积及梗死面积,RT-PCR法测定rho激酶mRNA的表达,DNA断裂的原位末端标记法(T UNEL法)检测缺血区心肌细胞凋亡指数(AI),免疫组化测定凋亡相关蛋白bcl-2及bax表达的变化。结果:1周后,AMI组与假手术组相比,AMI组大鼠Rho激酶mRNA表达增加(P0.01),凋亡相关蛋白bax表达增加(P0.01),bcl-2表达减少(P0.01),AI明显增加(P0.01)。治疗组与AMI组相比,梗死面积显著减小(P0.05),Rho激酶mRNA及bax表达显著减少,AI显著降低,bcl-2表达显著增加(均P0.01)。结论:大鼠AMI后,心肌组织中Rho激酶的表达增加,心肌细胞凋亡指数增加,连续应用法舒地尔1周能有效减少心肌细胞凋亡指数,起到心肌保护的作用。     

Parkin介导的线粒体自噬对1型糖尿病急性心肌梗塞早期损伤的保护作用

目的:观察线粒体自噬在急性心梗(MI)早期的变化及对1型糖尿病(DM)小鼠心肌急性缺血损伤的影响。方法:将100只健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为5组,对照+假手术组(CS组);1型糖尿病+假手术组(DS组);对照+心肌梗死组(CMI组);1型糖尿病+心肌梗死组(DMI组);1型糖尿病+心肌梗死组+Parkin腺病毒过表达组(DMIPO组),每组20只。检测和比较各组小鼠的心脏功能,心肌梗死面积,心肌细胞凋亡,自噬小体含量以及心肌组织中Parkin和LC3的表达量变化。结果:与CS组相比,CMI组自噬小体含量增多,LC3II的表达量上调,Parkin的表达量明显上调(P0.05)。与CMI组比,DMI组小鼠心功能下降加剧,心梗面积增大,心肌细胞凋亡数量明显增加(P0.05),自噬水平未见明显升高。DMIPO组较DMI组自噬水平升高,心肌梗死面积减小(P0.05),心肌细胞凋亡数量减少(P0.05),心功能改善。结论:1型糖尿病通过抑制Parkin介导的心肌线粒体自噬增加心肌急性缺血损伤易感性,上调Parkin的表达可以减轻1型糖尿病时急性缺血性心肌损伤。     

磷酸二酯酶5参与平滑肌功能调节的机制

磷酸二酯酶5(phosphodiesterase type 5,PDE5)又称对环鸟苷酸特异的磷酸二酯酶(cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase),广泛分布于机体的平滑肌细胞中,通过对细胞内特定区域的cGMP水平的调节,参与平滑肌(收缩、舒张)状态的快速调控.现对PDE5的基因表达和酶活性的调控方式,亚细胞分布,以及在平滑肌中的调节机制和药理应用进行综述.     

经冠脉转染肝细胞生长因子促进猪梗死后心衰模型干细胞动员的研究

观察经冠脉转染腺病毒(adenovirus, Ad₅-)携带人肝细胞生长因子(hepatocyte growth factor, HGF)对猪心梗后心衰模型中干细胞动员的作用. 12只苏中幼猪, 随机分成转染Ad₅-HGF组(治疗组)和转染未携带肝细胞生长因子的腺病毒载体组(mock-vector对照组), 每组6只. 结扎前降支制成心肌梗死模型, 手术后四周行冠脉造影时给药, 同时行门控心肌灌注显像评价心肌灌注及心功能情况; 给药三周时, 再次行门控心肌灌注显像, 然后处死动物取心脏组织, 酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法检测肝细胞生长因子蛋白表达; 免疫组化检测基因转染后梗死心肌中干细胞的动员情况. 经冠脉转染Ad₅-HGF后心肌高度表达人HGF蛋白; 治疗组心肌组织中CD117⁺细胞数明显多于对照组, 并且同时表达 c-Met; 治疗组心肌血流灌注及左室射血分数(LVEF)较对照组明显改善. 经冠脉转染 Ad₅-HGF 能使心肌高度表达 HGF 蛋白; HGF 能增加动员至缺血区的CD117⁺干细胞, 并且该类细胞表达c-Met; HGF改善心功能及心肌灌注的作用不仅仅是血管新生, 可能还涉及到对干细胞的动员召集作用.     

小鼠CDC26基因短发夹RNA重组腺病毒载体的构建与表达分析

目的:构建靶向CDC26基因的短发夹RNA(shRNA)重组腺病毒载体,干扰小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)中CDC26的表达。方法:设计小鼠靶向CDC26基因的shRNA,插入穿梭质粒pENTRY-EF1a-EGFP-Mir30,通过Gateway系统获得重组腺病毒载体pAd-CDC26-shRNA;线性化后转染HEK293A细胞,进行病毒包装;用包装的重组腺病毒感染MEF,24 h后收集细胞,提取总RNA,逆转录后用荧光定量PCR法检测MEF内CDC26 mRNA的变化,以检测所设计shRNA的敲低效率。结果:构建的重组腺病毒载体pAd-CDC26-shRNA经酶切鉴定后正确;转染HEK293A细胞后8 d,观察到细胞病变及GFP的大量表达,表明重组腺病毒包装成功;感染MEF后,实时荧光定量PCR检测表明,细胞内CDC26 mRNA的水平较对照组敲低了73.14%,腺病毒注射7 d后,注射CDC26 shRNA的小鼠血糖较对照组明显降低。结论:构建了具有较高敲低效果的小鼠CDC26基因shRNA重组腺病毒,并且具有体内活性。     

缺血预处理对小鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

通过建立C57/B6雄性小鼠心肌缺血再灌注(ischemia-reperfusion,I/R)模型,探讨缺血预处理对小鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。首先,将36只6~8周C57/B6雄性小鼠随机分为3组(n=12):假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)及缺血预处理组(Ipost组)。然后,利用苏木素伊红(hematoxylin and eosin,HE)染色、脱氧三磷酸尿苷缺口末端标记(Td T-mediated d UTP-biotin nick end labeling,TUNEL)染色、免疫组化及蛋白质印迹方法,对比3组小鼠的心肌病理学改变、心肌细胞凋亡情况、梗死心肌边缘区微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)的变化,以及肿瘤相关蛋白质PTEN(phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10,即人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因的编码产物)、自噬相关蛋白质LC3I/II和腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(5-AMP activated protein kinase,AMPK)的表达水平。结果显示,I/R组心肌组织细胞水肿、炎症细胞浸润等组织病理学变化情况较Sham组明显,而Ipost组中的情况相比I/R组有明显改善;同时,Ipost组心肌凋亡率高于Sham组,但显著低于I/R组(P0.01);Ipost组梗死心肌边缘区域的微血管密度显著高于I/R组(P0.01)。此外,缺血预处理后,PTEN的表达水平降低,AMPK磷酸化水平以及LC3I/II蛋白的表达水平均增强。由此可见,缺血预处理可减轻I/R损伤,减少心肌梗死面积,减轻心肌水肿,对心肌细胞有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与梗死心肌中PTEN表达下调、AMPK磷酸化水平增强、心肌细胞自噬增强和凋亡减少有关。     

腺病毒介导转化生长因子β1 诱导结肠癌细胞凋亡的研究

目的:探讨腺病毒介导的转化生长因子β-1(TGF-β1)对结肠癌细胞凋亡的诱导作用。方法:结肠癌细胞系HCT116细胞培养后分实验组及对照组,实验组以腺病毒为载体将TGF-β1转染,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)以及免疫组织化学检测其m RNA及蛋白的表达,MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡的情况。结果:实验组的TGF-β1 mRNA以及蛋白的表达明显增强;实验组细胞的吸光度波动较小,在低值区相对稳定,各时相点无明显变化,24 h的细胞增殖抑制率为50%,其后在70%-80%之间;对照组细胞吸光度显著升高,与实验组各时相点比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。实验组24 h、36 h、48 h、60 h、72 h的凋亡率分别为(7.55±0.03)%、(8.53±0.11)%、(13.47±0.23)%、(15.51±0.26)%、(16.59±0.26)%,与对照组细胞各时相点比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:TGF-β1能够显著地抑制HCT 116细胞的增值及诱导其凋亡。     

大蒜多糖对中毒性心肌炎心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究大蒜多糖 (GP)对中毒性心肌炎心肌细胞凋亡及Bcl -2、Bax蛋白表达的影响,探讨GP抑制心肌细胞凋亡的可能机制。方法:建立小鼠阿霉素 (ADR)中毒性心肌炎模型,利用缺口末端标记法检测心肌凋亡细胞;免疫组化法检测心肌细胞bcl 2、bax基因的蛋白表达情况,并利用电镜观察心肌结构变化。结果:ADR( 3mgkg-1ip,qod× 7)可致小鼠心肌细胞凋亡数明显升高,心肌细胞线粒体水肿,促进心肌细胞凋亡蛋白bax和抑制细胞凋亡蛋白bcl 2含量均明显升高,但bax/ bcl- 2的比值同时升高明显,与正常组比较有显著差异性 (P <0 . 0 1 )。GP可逆转ADR所致的上述改变,表现为剂量依赖性抑制细胞凋亡,降低bax蛋白表达同时增加bcl 2表达,使bcl- 2/ bax的比值增加 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 . 0 1 )。结论:GP能拮抗阿霉素所致的小鼠中毒性心肌炎心肌细胞凋亡作用,其作用机制可能与抑制Bax基因的蛋白表达,使Bcl -2基因表达的蛋白功能相对增强,Bcl -2 /Bax比值升高有关。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.