自发性高血压大鼠间充质干细胞生物学特性变化的研究

目的 :研究自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)间充质干细胞 (MSC)生物学特性的改变。方法 :取SHR和WKY骨髓和主动脉的贴壁细胞 ,经CD1 0 5免疫磁珠分选 ,测定其生长曲线和倍增时间 ,流式细胞仪检测其免疫表型 ,进行纤维母细胞集落形成单位计数 ,体外诱导成脂肪和成骨 ,以油红O及VonKossa染色证实 ,免疫组化和半定量PCR法测胶原蛋白。结果 :这些细胞呈梭形贴壁生长 ,SHR组细胞倍增时间长于WKY级 ,这些细胞CD1 0 5、CD44、CD2 9,Flk 1均阳性 ,SHR组CFU F低于WKY组 ,SHR组细胞更易成脂肪、成骨、促纤维化。结论 :这些细胞为MSC ,SHR组MSC增殖能力较WKY组弱 ,成脂肪、成骨、促纤维化强于WKY组 ,MSC的异常可能是高血压易患动脉弱样硬化原因之一。     

有氧运动抑制自发性高血压大鼠心肌中HMGB1/TLR4炎症通路

目的:探讨有氧运动对自发性高血压大鼠心肌中高迁移率族蛋白1(high mobility group box-1 protein, HMGB1)/Toll样受体4(toll like receptor 4,TLR4)炎症通路的影响。方法:成年雄性大鼠分为三组:同源正常血压大鼠(Wistar-Kyoto rats,WKY),自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneoully hypertensive rat, SHR),自发性高血压大鼠运动组(SHR+exercise,SHR+EX)。运动为中等强度跑台运动,自制跑台,倾斜角设置为10度,运动强度逐步增强,持续12周。尾动脉检测血压,收集左心室,Masson染色检测心肌组织纤维化水平,RT-PCR法检测心肌中纤维化相关基因的m RNA水平,ELISA法检测炎症因子白介素6(Interleukin 6, IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α)的蛋白水平,Western blot法检测HMGB1和TLR4的蛋白表达。结果:有氧运动可以明显降低SHR大鼠心肌中HMGB1(P0.05)和TLR4(P0.05)的蛋白表达以及炎症因子IL-6(P0.05)和TNF-α(P0.05)的蛋白水平。经过的有氧运动之后,SHR大鼠的体重(P0.05)、收缩压(P0.05)、舒张压明显降低(P0.05);心肌纤维化水平和心肌中I型胶原(P0.05)、转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β,P0.05)、α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA,P0.05)的m RNA水平出现显著下降。结论:有氧运动可抑制自发性高血压大鼠心肌中HMGB1/TLR4炎症通路。     

自发性高血压大鼠血管对α_1肾上腺素受体自身抗体的血管收缩作用敏感性增强

自身免疫学机制在高血压的发生发展中具有不可忽视的作用.本研究组的前期研究表明,高血压患者血清中存在高水平的α1肾上腺素受体自身抗体(α1-AA),并对正常大鼠具有α1-AR激动剂样缩血管效应.本研究利用血管环张力测定技术观察并比较该抗体对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)大鼠胸主动脉的收缩作用,分别采用酶联免疫吸附测定、免疫组化和免疫印迹技术观察主动脉中硝基酪氨酸和诱导性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的表达情况.结果表明,自发性高血压大鼠胸主动脉对去氧肾上腺素(α1-AR特异性激动剂)与α1-AA(1 nmol/L~10μmol/L)的缩血管作用明显增强(P0.05);去除内皮或利用非特异性一氧化氮合酶阻断剂(L-NAME)后,α1-AA的缩血管作用明显增强(P0.05).iNOS特异性阻断剂1400W(10μmol/L)可以削弱上述WKY大鼠胸主动脉收缩的增强作用,而在SHR未观察到.SHR胸主动脉组织中硝基酪氨酸和iNOS的蛋白表达水平明显高于WKY大鼠.本研究结果表明,SHR对α1-AA的缩血管反应明显增强,这一变化与血管内皮功能障碍以及NO生物利用率降低有关,提示α1-AR自身免疫在高血压的发病机制和控制中,尤其是对α1-AA阳性的高血压患者发挥重要作用.     

新型褪黑素受体激动剂Neu-p11对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响

目的:探讨Neu-p11对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压及血清一氧化氮(NO)和内皮素-1(ET-1)含量的影响。方法:40只SHR大鼠随机分为4组(n=10):SHR模型组、Neu-p11低剂量组(5mg/kg)、Neu-p11中剂量组(15mg/kg)和Neu-p11高剂量组(50mg/kg)。另取10只WKY大鼠设为正常对照组。每日腹腔注射药物一次,连续5周,观察药物对大鼠收缩压、血清NO及ET-1含量的影响。结果:Neu-p11能有效降低自发性高血压大鼠的收缩压,Neup11低剂量组、Neu-p11中剂量组和Neu-p11高剂量组与SHR组相比具有显著性差异(P0.05);Neu-p11能升高自发性高血压大鼠血清NO含量,降低自发性高血压大鼠血清ET-1含量,与SHR组相比,各组均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:Neu-p11具有抗高血压作用,其作用可能与促进血清中的NO合成与释放以及降低血清ET-1的含量有关。     

miR-506与PI3K/AKT通路在自发性高血压大鼠心脏重构中的作用

目的:探讨mi R-506和PI3K/AKT信号通路在自发性高血压大鼠心脏重构中的作用。方法:将12只雄性自发性高血压大鼠(Spontaneous Hypertension Rat, SHR)随机分为2组,每组6只。分别为SHR模型组和治疗组(卡托普利,30 mg·kg~(-1)),6只健康WKY大鼠作为空白对照组。SHR模型组和空白对照组灌胃等体积生理盐水,连续给药8周,采用尾动脉测压法测定给药前后各组大鼠血压,采用qRT-PCR法检测各组大鼠心肌miR-506表达量,并检测大鼠心肌组织中SOD和GPx mRNA表达水平,免疫印迹检测大鼠心肌中p-PI3K和p-AKT的蛋白表达量。结果:SHR模型组血压为(184.79±3.35)mmHg,与空白对照组比较显著升高(P0.05),治疗组血压为(133.57±1.43)mm Hg,与SHR模型组相比均显著降低(P0.05)。SHR模型组大鼠心肌中mi R-506、SOD、GPx的RNA相对表达量分别为(0.36±0.05)、(0.27±0.04)和(0.32±0.02),与空白对照组比较显著降低(P0.05),而p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白水平显著降低(P0.05),与SHR模型组比较,治疗组大鼠心肌中mi R-506以及SOD、GPx的RNA水平显著升高(P0.05),p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白水平显著升高(P0.05)。结论:在卡托普利治疗高血压的过程中,mi R-506可能通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路提高机体的抗氧化能力促进SHR心脏重塑。     

镇肝熄风汤对自发性高血压大鼠PCNA mRNA和蛋白表达的影响

研究不同剂量镇肝熄风汤对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心血管PCNA蛋白和PCNA mRNA表达的影响。采用24周自发性高血压大鼠(SHR),雄性,50只,模型组、中药低剂量组、中药中剂量组、中药高剂量组、复方罗布麻组,每组10只,同源雄性京都威斯特大鼠(WKY)10只作为对照组,灌胃给药5周后,Western Blot法测定心血管PCNA蛋白表达,Real-Time RT-PCR法测定大鼠PCNA mRNA基因表达。结果显示镇肝熄风汤中药中剂量、高剂量组与模型组比较,PCNA蛋白表达明显升高(P0.01);镇肝熄风汤中剂量与模型组比较,PCNA mRNA表达明显升高(P0.05)。通过研究表明镇肝熄风汤中剂量组、高剂量组中的PCNA蛋白表达和PCNA mRNA表达明显升高,促进血管内皮细胞正常增值活性。     

NKCC1在慢性肾脏病大鼠主动脉纤维化中的作用研究

该文探讨了Na-K-2Cl协同转运蛋白1(Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1,NKCC1)在慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)大鼠主动脉纤维化中的作用。采用5/6肾切除方法建立CKD大鼠模型,尾套法测定大鼠血压,脲酶法测定血清尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN),肌氨酸氧化酶法测定血清肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr);利用苏木素–伊红(hematoxylin and eosin,HE)染色观察组织形态,Masson染色观察组织纤维化情况;利用Real-time PCR、Western blot和免疫组织化学染色法检测大鼠肾脏和主动脉组织中NKCC1的表达;体外培养大鼠主动脉内皮细胞(endothelial cell,EC),通过免疫荧光实验观察细胞中Ⅰ型胶原(Collagen-Ⅰ,Col-Ⅰ)、Ⅲ型胶原(Collagen-Ⅲ,Col-Ⅲ)的表达,利用Western blot检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(alpha-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)、血小板–内皮细胞黏附分子(CD31)、钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(vimentin)的表达。结果显示,CKD大鼠的平均收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)较术前和假手术组(sham)均明显升高(P0.05),BUN和Scr显著高于sham组(P0.05);CKD大鼠肾脏和主动脉组织损伤严重且纤维化明显,NKCC1的表达较sham组明显增加;醛固酮(aldosterone)使EC中NKCC1、Col-Ⅰ和Col-Ⅲ增多,间质细胞标志物α-SMA和vimentin上调,内皮细胞标志物CD31和E-cadherin下调,在此基础上用布美他尼(bumetanide)使NKCC1、Col-Ⅰ和Col-Ⅲ减少,α-SMA和vimentin表达下降,CD31和E-cadherin升高。该研究表明,NKCC1可能通过增强内皮–间质转化(endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition,EndoMT)促进CKD主动脉纤维化。     

自发性高血压大鼠血管平滑肌及心肌内成纤维细胞生长特性的研究

目的　探讨自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rats, SHR)主动脉平滑肌细胞(aorta smooth muscle cell, ASMC)与心肌内成纤维细胞(cardiac fibroblast, CFB)在体外培养生长的特性。方法　16周龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和正常大鼠(WKY)测血压后处死,取心脏与胸主动脉,组织块法分别培养CFB与ASMC)。分别观察(1)CFB     

11-羰基-β-乙酰乳香酸抑制自发性高血压大鼠血管重构研究

目的:观察11-羰基-β-乙酰乳香酸(AKBA)对高血压血管重构的抑制作用。方法:自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)随机分为模型组(SHR),20 mg/kg AKBA低剂量组(AKBA-L),40 mg/kg AKBA高剂量组(AKBA-H)和20 mg/kg替米沙坦组(Telmi),另设Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)空白对照组。各组大鼠分别灌胃给予8周相应药物和蒸馏水。每周监测大鼠收缩压;检测大鼠血液一氧化氮(NO)和血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)水平;评估整体炎性反应和氧化应激水平;苏木精-伊红染色观察血管重构情况;马森染色观察血管胶原沉积情况。结果:8周给药期间,SHR血压持续升高,替米沙坦显著降低血压,但AKBA未显示出明显的血压调节作用。与SHR组相比,AKBA和替米沙坦都有效地减少了血管压力,减少Ang Ⅱ分泌,增加NO的产生(P0.05);其次有效地降低炎性反应和氧化应激,显著改善机体肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和丙二醛(MDA)的表达水平(P0.05)。除此之外,相比SHR组,AKBA显著抑制血管重构,降低血管厚度,横切面积和血管厚度/血管内径比值(P0.05),减少血管胶原沉积(P0.05)。结论:AKBA能有效缓解血管压力和氧化应激,减少胶原沉积,从而有效改善血管重构。     

不同年龄自发性高血压大鼠心脏AT2R的表达与心肌纤维化

目的观察不同年龄自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）心脏AT2R的表达水平及心肌胶原含量,探讨AT2R在高血压发生、发展过程中的作用。方法 1月龄组（S1）、2月龄组（S2）、3月龄组（S3）、6月龄组（S6）和9月龄组（S9）雄性SHR共五组,每组各6只,各组均有相应月龄的Wistar-Kyoto大鼠（WKY）作对照。采用RBP-I型大鼠血压心率测定仪测量大鼠动脉收缩压（SBP）;放免法（RIA）测定血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）;免疫组化染色结合计算机图像分析方法测定心脏AT2R的表达水平,天狼星红胶原染色大鼠的心脏切片。结果 1.SHR SBP随着月龄的增加呈持续上升（P〈0.05）,SHR的SBP均高于相应配对的WKY组（P〈0.05）。2.一个月后SHR血浆AngⅡ浓度均高于S1（P〈0.05）,一个月后SHR血浆AngⅡ浓度均高于相应配对的WKY组（P〈0.05）。3.SHR心脏AT2R免疫染色阳性面积比随着月份的增加而降低,SHR心脏AT2R免疫染色阳性面积比均低于相应配对的WKY组（P﹤0.05）4.SHR心肌中的胶原含量随着月龄的增加而增加。结论 SHR心脏AT2R表达水平比WKY低,并随着年龄的增加而降低。SHR心肌中的胶原含量随着月龄的增加而增加,而WKY无类似趋势。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.