连续负荷量新活素治疗难治性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨连续负荷量新活素治疗难治性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法:选取我院收治的65例难治性心力衰竭患者,随机分为两组。对照组在常规治疗的基础上加用硝酸甘油注射液,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用新活素,比较两组的疗效,治疗前和治疗后24、36、48 h的肺动脉楔压(PAWP)、肺动脉压(PAP)、血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP),脑利钠肽(BNP)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组有效率为87.9%,显著高于对照组(65.6%,P0.05)。两组患者治疗后24、36、48 h的PAWP和PAP降低值逐渐增加,且观察组PAWP和PAP降低值均显著高于对照组同时点(P0.05)。两组治疗后24、36、48 h血清hs-CRP、BNP水平随着时间延长而逐渐下降(P0.05),观察组治疗后24、36、48 h的血清hs-CRP、BNP水平均低于对照组同时点(P0.05)。结论:在基础治疗之上,给予连续负荷量新活素对于治疗难治性心力衰竭可提高治疗效果,减轻心脏前负荷,降低hs-CRP,BNP水平,改善心肌重构。     

新活素联合CRRT治疗急性心力衰竭并发急性肾衰竭的疗效观察

目的:观察新活素联合连续性肾脏替代治疗(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)治疗急性心力衰竭并发急性肾衰竭的临床疗效.方法:选择2011年9月至2012年9月于我院ICU治疗的36例急性心力衰竭并发急性肾衰竭的患者,并将其随机分为3组,分别给予新活素联合CRRT治疗、单独新活素治疗、单独CRRT治疗,比较治疗前后各组患者的Killip分级、左心室射血分数、尿量、BNP、血肌酐及尿素氮、氧合指数、动脉血乳酸值的变化情况.结果:观察组的显效率、有效率及总体有效率均较对照组1和对照组2显著降低,差异均具有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01),对照组1的显效率及总体有效率均明显高于对照组2(P＜0.01),但两组患者的有效率比较无统计学差异(P＞o.05).观察组治疗7天的死亡率明显低于对照组1和对照组2,差异均有显著性(P＜0.01).观察组及对照组2的心肾功能指标均较治疗前明显改善(P＜0.01),且观察组的改善程度明显优于对照组2(P＜0.01),对照组1的心功能指标较治疗前明显改善P＜0.01),但肾功能指标无明显变化(P＞0.05),但尿量显著增加(P＜0.01).结论:新活素联合CRRT治疗组疗效明显优于单独CRRT或新活素治疗组,并可有效降低患者的死亡率.     

CysC检测在阿托伐他汀治疗早期CRS中的意义

目的:观察血清胱抑素C(Cystatin C,Cys C)在阿托伐他汀治疗早期心肾综合征中的变化,探讨Cys C在阿托伐他汀治疗早期心肾综合征中的临床意义。方法:选择90例慢性心功能不全引起的早期心肾综合征患者,随机分为常规治疗组(A组)、阿托伐他汀20 mg组(B组)以及阿托伐他汀40 mg组(C组)各30例。常规治疗组给予常规抗心力衰竭药物治疗,阿托伐他汀组在常规抗心衰药物治疗基础上分别加用阿托伐他汀20 mg/d或者阿托伐他汀40 mg/d口服。分别测定其治疗3个月前后Scr、GFR、Cys C水平并进行组间比较。结果:治疗3个月后,A组、B组Scr及GFR分别与治疗前比较差异无显著性(P0.05),C组Scr及GFR与治疗前比较差异有显著性(P0.05);治疗3个月后,A组Cys C与治疗前比较差异无显著性(P0.05),B组、C组Cys C与治疗前比较差异有显著性(P0.01)。结论:在阿托伐他汀治疗早期心肾综合征疗效观察中,Cys C较Scr更能敏感反应早期肾功能变化情况。     

重组人脑利钠肽联合多巴胺对心肾综合征伴低血压的疗效及对血清NT-proBNP水平的影响

目的:研究重组人脑利钠肽联合多巴胺对心肾综合征伴低血压的疗效及对血清NT-proBNP水平的影响。方法:收集2015年4月至2016年4月我院的90例心肾综合征伴低血压患者,按抽签法分为实验组和对照组,每组45例。对照组用多巴胺治疗,实验组在对照组基础上加用重组人脑利钠肽。观察两组治疗疗效,治疗前后血压、心率、心动图指标每搏输出量(SV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD),N末端前体脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)、血肌酐(SCr)、胱抑素C(Cys C)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,实验组总有效率为93.33%,显著高于对照组(68.88%,P0.05);SBP、DBP、MAP、SV、LVEF均显著高于对照组(P0.05),HR、血清NT-proBNP、SCr水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组LVEDD比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:重组人脑利钠肽联合多巴胺对心肾综合征伴低血压的疗效显著,可缓解心脏负荷,改善心肾功能,降低NT-proBNP水平,提高治疗安全性。     

低剂量多巴胺对急性心衰合并肾功能不全患者的影响

目的:探讨低剂量多巴胺能否通过利尿作用改善急性左心衰患者的充血症状以及肾功能。方法:将2013年9月至2013年12月我院收治的80例急性心衰合并肾功能不全的患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各40例。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用小剂量多巴胺静脉泵入48小时。观察和比较两组患者48小时内的总尿量及血清胱抑素C的变化、充血症状、肾功能及临床疗效的差异。结果:与对照组相比,治疗组48小时总尿量、血清胱抑素C的变化、体重变化、BNP变化、肌酐变化、进展性心衰发生率、死亡率、治疗失败患者比例均无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:低剂量多巴胺不能在利尿治疗基础上减轻急性心力衰竭并发肾功能不全患者的充血症状或改善肾功能。     

水蛭素联合改良三仁活血降脂方治疗肾病综合征湿浊血瘀证

目的:观察水蛭素联合改良三仁活血降脂方治疗肾病综合征湿浊血瘀证患者的临床疗效。方法:选取肾病综合征辨证属湿浊血瘀证患者60例随机分为水蛭素联合中药治疗组和单纯中药对照组,每组各30例。两组患者均予以相同的基础治疗,对照组予改良三仁活血降脂方辨证论治,治疗组在此基础上加用脉血康胶囊,疗程半年。比较两组患者中医临床症候积分,血凝、血脂、血浆白蛋白、尿蛋白及肾功能等指标。结果:治疗后两组患者湿浊血瘀证候均有改善,其中治疗组血瘀证候改善明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者血浆白蛋白水平均较治疗前明显上升(P0.01);治疗组纤维蛋白原、胆固醇、24 h尿蛋白定量治疗效果优于对照组(P0.01);治疗组治疗后甘油三酯下降,血肌酐下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),对照组二者均无明显效果(P0.05)。治疗组与对照组的中医证候总有效率分别为96.67%、90%,西医临床疗效分别为90%、86.67%。结论:水蛭素能有效改善肾综湿浊血瘀证患者的中医临床证候及实验室指标,部分调节肾病综合征的高凝、高脂状态。     

益气温阳活血利水法治疗心肾综合征的疗效及对患者心肾功能及血浆脑钠肽、肾素、血管紧张素、醛固酮水平的影响

目的:探讨益气温阳活血利水法治疗心肾综合征的临床疗效及对患者心肾功能及血浆脑钠肽(BNP)、肾素(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(ALD)水平的影响。方法:研究对象为本院2017年3月～2018年9月收治的124例心肾综合征患者,采用随机数字表将其分成观察组与对照组,每组62例。两组患者均给予常规西医对症治疗,观察组同时给予中医益气温阳活血利水法治疗,两组均连续治疗3周后进行疗效评价。比较两组治疗前后心肾功能、血浆BNP、PRA、AngⅡ、ALD水平的变化情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率为,显著高于对照组(P0.01);两组左心射血分数(LVEF)、表皮生长因子受体(eGFR)均较治疗前明显上升,SCr、BUN、血浆Cys C、BNP、PRA、AngⅡ、ALD水平均较治疗前明显降低(P0.01),且观察组LVEF、eGFR明显高于对照组,SCr、BUN、血浆Cys C、BNP、PRA、AngⅡ、ALD水平显著低于对照组(P0.01);观察组LVESD、LVEDD与治疗前比较明显降低(P0.01),而对照组治疗前后LVESD、LVEDD无明显变化(P0.05)。结论:益气温阳活血利水法治疗心肾综合征的临床疗效显著优于单用常规西医对症治疗,其可有效改善患者的心肾功能,降低患者的血浆BNP、PRA、AngⅡ、ALD水平。     

促红细胞生成素治疗慢性心力衰竭156例临床观察

目的:观察EPO对慢性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)治疗效果。方法:选择CHF患者212例,随机分为非EPO治疗组(56例)和EPO治疗组(156例)。其中非EPO治疗组采用常规抗心衰治疗,EPO治疗组接受常规抗心衰治疗和EPO治疗,直至临床观察结束。治疗后观察心功能指标改变。结果:156例心衰患者经过EPO治疗后,左室射血分数,每搏输出量,每分输出量,心指数均较非EPO治疗对照组患者明显改善(P<0.05),其中尤以左室射血分数改善最为明显(P<0.01)。156例EPO治疗组患者中116例心衰伴贫血患者心功能各项指标的改善较40例心衰不伴贫血患者更为明显,具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:EPO对CHF患者心功能的改善主要是因为EPO的促红细胞生成作用。EPO对于慢性心功能不全有独立于促红细胞生成以外的治疗作用。     

血必净注射液联合替加环素治疗脓毒症休克患者的临床疗效观察

目的:研究血必净注射液联合替加环素治疗脓毒症休克患者的临床疗效。方法:选取2015年9月至2016年8月我院收治的86例脓毒症休克患者,根据患者入院顺序分为观察组和对照组,42例每组。对照组使用血必净注射液完成治疗,观察组在此基础上加以替加环素。比较两组患者治疗前后APACHEII评分、尿量、血清LAC、血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)、炎性因子及心肌酶水平的变化。结果:治疗后,两组患者APACHEII评分均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),尿量均较治疗前显著增加(P0.05),和对照组相比,观察组的APACHEII评分较低(P0.05),尿量较多(P0.05);两组患者血清LAC、BUN、SCr、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α、CK-MB、c Tn I、LDH水平较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组的以上指标水平较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。结论:血必净注射液联合替加环素治疗脓毒症休克患者能有效改善患者病情严重程度,提高患者心肾功能并抑制炎症反应,临床疗效较单用血必净注射液更好。     

血液净化治疗肾综合征出血热合并急性肾功能衰竭的疗效分析

目的:探讨血液净化治疗肾综合征出血热合并急性肾功能衰竭的疗效。方法:选取了60例肾综合征出血热合并急性肾功能衰竭患者,按住院单双号分为两组,观察组(31例)采用血液透析治疗,对照组(29例)采用连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过法治疗,观察并记录两组患者肾功能相关指标、血清离子、血常规相关指标及治疗期间不良反应情况,评估血液净化治疗肾综合征出血热合并急性肾功能衰竭的疗效。结果:治疗前两组K~+、HCO_3~-、血尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Cr)等指标无统计学差异(P0.05),治疗后两组K~+、BUN、Cr等指标均明显降低,且观察组上述指标低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组HCO_3~-水平升高,且观察组高于对照组(P0.05),治疗前,两组血红蛋白(Hb),红细胞压积(Hct),血小板(PLT)无统计学差异(P0.05),治疗后两组Hb,Hct,PLT均升高(P0.05),但组间比较没有统计学差异(P0.05),随访1年期间,观察组患者6个月和12个月生存率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗期间,两组不良反应率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:血液透析对肾综合征出血热合急性肾功能衰竭具有较好的治疗效果,能调节体内电解质平衡,改善肾功能,提高生存率,改善血液状态的效果与连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过法相当。     

枇杷花茶水提物的镇咳、抗炎与抗氧化作用研究

采用小鼠氨水致咳法研究枇杷花茶水提物镇咳效果,以二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法研究其抗炎效果,并从枇杷花茶的还原能力及对超氧阴离子和羟自由基的清除作用分析枇杷花茶水提物的抗氧化效果。结果表明,枇杷花茶的水提物高剂量组(3000 mg·kg-1)、低剂量组(700 mg·kg-1)均有镇咳抗炎效果,水提物的浓度越高,效果越好。各浓度枇杷花茶水提物均表现出一定的还原能力,对于羟基自由基和超氧阴离子都有一定的清除效果。其中,20 mg·mL-1水提物还原效果最好(吸光值0.903),超过0.2 mg·mL-1抗坏血酸(吸光值0.814);10 mg·mL-1的水提物对超氧阴离子的清除率为47.32%;20 mg·mL-1水提物对于羟基自由基的清除效果非常明显,清除率为91.62%。枇杷花茶水提物镇咳、抗炎、抗氧化效果明显。     

Systematic analysis of residual density suggests that a major limitation in well‐refined X‐ray structures of proteins is the omission of ordered solvent

In the residual electron density map of a fully refined X‐ray protein model, there should be no peaks arising from modeling errors or missing atoms. Any residual peaks that do occur should be contributed by random residual intensity differences between the model and the data. If the model is incomplete (i.e., some atoms are missing), there will be more positive peaks than negative ones. On the other hand, if the model includes inappropriately located atoms, there will be an excess of negative peaks. In this study, random residual peaks are quantified using the probability density function P(x), which is defined as the probability for a peak having peak height between x and x + dx. It is found that P(x) is single‐exponential and symmetric for both positive and negative peaks. Thus, P(x) can be used to discriminate residual peaks contributed by random noise in complete models from residual peaks being attributable to modeling errors in incomplete models. For a number of representative structures in the PDB it is found that P(x) has far more large (greater than 5 sigma) positive peaks than large negative peaks. This excess of large positive peaks suggests that the main defect in these refined structures is the omission of ordered water molecules.     

Flavonoids and cognitive function: a review of human randomized controlled trial studies and recommendations for future studies

Evidence in support of the neuroprotective effects of flavonoids has increased significantly in recent years, although to date much of this evidence has emerged from animal rather than human studies. Nonetheless, with a view to making recommendations for future good practice, we review 15 existing human dietary intervention studies that have examined the effects of particular types of flavonoid on cognitive performance. The studies employed a total of 55 different cognitive tests covering a broad range of cognitive domains. Most studies incorporated at least one measure of executive function/working memory, with nine reporting significant improvements in performance as a function of flavonoid supplementation compared to a control group. However, some domains were overlooked completely (e.g. implicit memory, prospective memory), and for the most part there was little consistency in terms of the particular cognitive tests used making across study comparisons difficult. Furthermore, there was some confusion concerning what aspects of cognitive function particular tests were actually measuring. Overall, while initial results are encouraging, future studies need to pay careful attention when selecting cognitive measures, especially in terms of ensuring that tasks are actually sensitive enough to detect treatment effects.     

A sequence-coupled vector-projection model for predicting the specificity of GalNAc-transferase.

The specificity of GalNAc-transferase is consistent with the existence of an extended site composed of nine subsites, denoted by R4, R3, R2, R1, R0, R1', R2', R3', and R4', where the acceptor at R0 is either Ser or Thr to which the reducing monosaccharide is being anchored. To predict whether a peptide will react with the enzyme to form a Ser- or Thr-conjugated glycopeptide, a new method has been proposed based on the vector-projection approach as well as the sequence-coupled principle. By incorporating the sequence-coupled effect among the subsites, the interaction mechanism among subsites during glycosylation can be reflected and, by using the vector projection approach, arbitrary assignment for insufficient experimental data can be avoided. The very high ratio of correct predictions versus total predictions for the data in both the training and the testing sets indicates that the method is self-consistent and efficient. It provides a rapid means for predicting O-glycosylation and designing effective inhibitors of GalNAc-transferase, which might be useful for targeting drugs to specific sites in the body and for enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of genetic disorders.     

北京市老年人肝肾功能参数的参考值范围调查

目的:观察北京市60岁以上不同年龄段健康老年人肝肾功能检验项目水平的差异,建立各自的参考值范围。方法:随机挑选600例60岁以上的北京市健康老人,按照不同年龄段分为三组,空腹采血,采用Modular仪器及原装试剂测定血清ALT(丙氨酸氨基转移酶)、AST(天冬氨酸氨基转移酶)、TP(总蛋白)、ALB(白蛋白)、Bun(尿素氮)、Crea(肌酐)、UA(尿酸)水平,结果利用SPSS11.0进行统计分析,根据统计学结果,判断参考值范围,并比较不同组间水平的差异。同时随机选择371例健康青年,与老年组进行这些项目水平的比较。结果:统计学结果显示,AST、TP、UA组间无显著差异;ALT、ALB随年龄增加而下降;Bun、Crea随年龄增加而升高。结论:通过上述实验,对老年人群的ALT、AST、TP、ALB、Bun、Crea、UA等项目的参考区间进行初步分析,对现行参考区间的设定提供建议与参考。各实验室应建立自己的参考值范围。     

A method for assessing recovery of fine motor function of the hand in a rhesus monkey model of cortical injury: an adaptation of the Fugl–Meyer Scale and Eshkol–Wachman Movement Notation

Motor dysfunction of the upper extremity can result from stroke, cortical injury and neurological diseases and causes significant disruption of activities of daily living. While some spontaneous recovery in terms of compensatory movements does occur after injury to cortical motor areas, full recovery is rare. The distinction between complete recovery and compensatory recovery is important as the development of compensatory movements in the upper extremity may not translate into full functional use in human patients. However, current animal models of stroke do not distinguish full recovery from compensatory recovery. We have developed a Non-Human Primate Grasp Assessment Scale (GRAS) to quantify the precise recovery of composite movement, individual digit action, and finger-thumb pinch in our rhesus monkey model of cortical injury. To date, we have applied this GRAS scale to assess the recovery of fine motor function of the hand in young control and cell-therapy treated monkeys with cortical injury confined to the hand representation in the dominant primary motor cortex. We have demonstrated that with this scale we can detect and quantify significant impairments in fine motor function of the hand, the development of compensatory function during recovery and finally a return to full fine motor function of the hand in monkeys treated with a cell therapy.     

北京市老年人肝肾功能参数的参考值范围调查

目的：观察北京市60岁以上不同年龄段健康老年人肝肾功能检验项目水平的差异,建立各自的参考值范围。方法：随机挑选600例60岁以上的北京市健康老人,按照不同年龄段分为三组,空腹采血,采用Modular仪器及原装试剂测定血清ALT（丙氨酸氨基转移酶）、AST（天冬氨酸氨基转移酶）、TP（总蛋白）、ALB（白蛋白）、Bun（尿素氮）、Crea（肌酐）、UA（尿酸）水平,结果利用SPSS11.0进行统计分析,根据统计学结果,判断参考值范围,并比较不同组间水平的差异。同时随机选择371例健康青年,与老年组进行这些项目水平的比较。结果：统计学结果显示,AST、TP、UA组间无显著差异;ALT、ALB随年龄增加而下降;Bun、Crea随年龄增加而升高。结论：通过上述实验,对老年人群的ALT、AST、TP、ALB、Bun、Crea、UA等项目的参考区间进行初步分析,对现行参考区间的设定提供建议与参考。各实验室应建立自己的参考值范围。     

Etiological Theories of Function: A Geographical Survey

Formulations of the essential commitment of the etiological theory of functions have varied significantly, with some individual authors' formulations even varying from one place to another. The logical geography of these various formulations is different from what is standardly assumed; for they are not stylistic variants of the same essential commitment, but stylistic variants of two non-equivalent versions of the etiological theory. I distinguish these strong and weak versions of the etiological theory (which differ with respect to the role of selection in their definitions of function), draw out their respective implications, and argue that the weak version is to be preferred to the strong.     

基因功能研究方法的新进展

随着生命科学的发展,研究领域的不断开拓,越来越多的未知新基因和基因的新功能被科学家们发现,研究这些未知新基因的功能和已知基因的新功能成为了极其重要的一项内容。本文对基因功能研究的最新方法进行了介绍。