姜黄素作用PTEN/PI3K/AKT通路诱导食管癌EC109细胞凋亡

目的:研究姜黄素作用食管癌的分子机制。方法:体外培养人食管癌细胞(EC109),15~120μmol/L姜黄素处理后,采用CCK-8法检测姜黄素对细胞的增殖抑制作用,透射电镜观察细胞超微结构,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞凋亡,流式细胞术分析15~120μmol/L姜黄素作用EC109细胞后PTEN/PI3K/AKT通路相关蛋白PTEN、AKT、GSK3β和Caspase 3的表达水平。结果:CCK-8检测结果姜黄素能显著抑制EC109细胞的增殖,呈剂量和时间效应关系;透射电镜和激光共聚集显微镜观察发现姜黄素能使EC109细胞发生凋亡;流式细胞仪蛋白水平分析显示姜黄素可增强细胞中PTEN、GSK3β和Caspase 3的表达,抑制AKT的表达。结论:姜黄素抑制EC109细胞的增殖并促进其凋亡的生物学效应与增强PTEN的表达抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路有关。     

姜黄素对食管癌Ec109细胞增殖和PTEN/PI3K/Akt信号通路的影响

目的:观察姜黄素对食管癌Ec109细胞增殖的抑制作用及肿瘤抑制基因/磷酯酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B(PTEN/PI3K/Akt)信号通路的影响。方法:体外培养人食管癌Ec109细胞,不同浓度姜黄素作用后,MTT法检测其对Ec109细胞的增殖抑制作用,透射电镜观察细胞超微结构,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Western blot法分析肿瘤抑制基因(PTEN)、蛋白激酶B(Akt)、糖原合成酶激酶-3(GSK3β)和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase 3)蛋白的表达情况。结果:MTT检测结果显示姜黄素能显著抑制Ec109细胞的增殖,且呈明显的剂量和时间效应关系;透射电镜观察发现姜黄素能诱导Ec109细胞发生凋亡;流式细胞仪分析显示随药物浓度的增加,Ec109细胞凋亡率明显升高;Western blot结果表明姜黄素可增强细胞中PTEN、GSK3β和Caspase 3的表达,抑制Akt的表达。结论:姜黄素通过上调PTEN、GSK3β和Caspase 3的表达,抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路,从而抑制食管癌Ec109细胞增殖。     

金花茶种子诱导人子宫颈癌HelaS3细胞凋亡及其作用机理的研究

为探讨金花茶种子诱导人子宫颈癌HelaS3细胞凋亡的机制,以不同浓度金花茶种子乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取物处理人子宫颈癌HelaS3细胞后,分别采用流式细胞仪、Western印记法等检测对细胞凋亡及Bax、Bcl 2、Bid等表达的影响。结果表明：金花茶种子乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取物作用于人子宫颈癌HelaS3细胞后,细胞凋亡增加,Bax蛋白表达提高,Bcl 2蛋白表达降低,Bid蛋白活性减弱,线粒体膜电位下降及Caspase 8,Caspase 3活性增强。金花茶种子乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取物为其重要的抗肿瘤活性有效部位,并可能通过激活Bax及Caspase 3,Caspase 8,抑制Bcl 2和Bid来诱导HelaS3细胞凋亡。     

夏枯草对食管癌细胞Survivin和Caspase-3表达的影响及机制研究

目的：观察夏枯草提取物对人食管癌Eca-109细胞Survivin和Caspase-3基因表达影响,研究夏枯草抗食管癌作用及其机制。方法：IC50浓度夏枯草提取物作用于食管癌Eca-109细胞,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖抑制率,RT-PCR、Western Blotting法检测Survivin和Caspase-3基因及蛋白表达,Annexin-V-FITC/PI法检测细胞凋亡率。结果：食管癌Eca-109细胞出现增殖抑制, Survivin表达减少,Caspase-3表达增加,细胞凋亡率增高。结论：夏枯草可抑制食管癌Eca-109细胞增殖,抑制Survivin表达,促进Caspase-3表达,促进细胞凋亡。     

CD47-siRNA通过调控ROS诱导食管癌细胞SEG-1凋亡

目的:探讨CD47-siRNA对食管癌细胞SEG-1凋亡的影响及其机制研究。方法:Western blot法检测食管癌细胞SEG-1中CD47蛋白、促凋亡蛋白Bax和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达;CCK-8法检测食管癌细胞SEG-1细胞活力;DCFDA细胞ROS检测试剂盒检测食管癌细胞SEG-1中ROS水平。结果:CD47-siRNA转染组食管癌细胞SEG-1中CD47蛋白明显低于空载对照组(P0.05);CD47-siRNA转染组食管癌细胞SEG-1细胞活力显著低于空载对照组(P0.05);CD47-siRNA转染组食管癌细胞SEG-1中促凋亡蛋白Bax表达显著高于空载对照组(P0.05),抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达低于空载对照组(P0.05);CD47-siRNA转染食管癌细胞SEG-1组ROS水平明显高于空载对照组(P0.05);与CD47-siRNA转染组比较,CAT (ROS抑制剂,5 m M/L, 6 h)预处理增加了细胞活力;与CD47-siRNA转染组比较,CAT (ROS抑制剂,5 m M/L, 6 h)预处理显著降低食管癌细胞SEG-1中Bax蛋白表达以及增加抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达。结论:CD47-siRNA转染通过上调食管癌细胞SEG-1内ROS水平促进食管癌细胞SEG-1凋亡。     

葡萄籽原花青素通过PI3K/Akt信号通路抑制氧化应激诱导的H9c2心肌细胞凋亡

为了探讨葡萄籽原花青素(grape seed proanthocyanidin, GSP)对心肌细胞的保护作用及机制,通过CCK-8法评估细胞活力,采用Western-blot分析评估GSP对凋亡相关蛋白质(cleaved caspase-3、Bax和Bcl-2)和PI3K/Akt通路相关蛋白质(p-PI3K、PI3K、p-Akt和Akt)表达水平的影响,并使用TUNEL染色和Hoechst 33258染色评估H9c2心肌细胞凋亡情况。结果显示, GSP可以抑制H₂O₂诱导的H9c2心肌细胞的细胞毒性和凋亡,使促凋亡蛋白cleaved caspase-3和Bax表达下降,并使抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达水平升高; GSP作用于H9c2细胞后, PI3K和Akt的磷酸化水平增加,使PI3K/Akt信号通路激活。实验结果初步表明, GSP可抑制氧化应激诱导的H9c2心肌细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与激活PI3K/Akt信号通路有关。     

TRPM7调控PI3K/AKT通路对人脑血管外膜成纤维细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

人脑血管外膜成纤维细胞(HBVAFs)的异常增殖参与了血管增殖性疾病的发生发展。该研究探讨TRPM7(transient receptor potential melastatin 7)能否通过调控PI3K/AKT信号通路影响HBVAFs增殖和凋亡。体外培养HBVAFs细胞,分为如下几组:parental(正常培养HBVAFs细胞)、si-NC、si-TRPM7、si-NC+IGF-1(PI3K/AKT信号通路激活剂)、si-TRPM7+IGF-1。通过qRT-PCR法检测TRPM7 mRNA表达;CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力;流式细胞术检测细胞周期及凋亡情况;Western blot法检测目的蛋白水平。结果显示,si-TRPM7转染可显著降低HBVAFs细胞中TRPM7 mRNA和蛋白表达水平(P0.001);与si-NC组比较,si-TRPM7组细胞增殖活力下降(P0.001),细胞G_0～G_1期细胞比率上升(P0.001),S期细胞比率下降(P0.001),周期调控蛋白CCND1、CDK2、CDK4水平均明显下降(P0.001),凋亡百分比增加(P0.001),Bcl-2、p-PI3K及p-AKT蛋白表达下降(P0.001),Bax、cleaved caspase-3及Cytochrome c蛋白表达增加(P0.001);而PI3K/AKT信号通路激活剂IGF-1处理可有效逆转si-TRPM7介导的上述改变(P0.001)。这些结果提示,干扰TRPM7表达可通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路激活发挥抑制HBVAFs细胞增殖并诱导凋亡的作用,为TRPM7作为血管增殖性疾病的治疗靶点提供理论依据。     

莫诺苷对人恶性黑色素瘤细胞增殖及凋亡的调控机制

目的:探究莫诺苷对人恶性黑色素瘤细胞A375增殖及凋亡的影响及作用机制。方法:将莫诺苷作用于A375细胞,采用MTT法测定细胞活力,Annexin-FITC/PI双染色流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡率,Western印迹检测细胞周期蛋白D1、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制因子P21、凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的表达水平。结果:与空白对照组比较,顺铂阳性药和高中低浓度莫诺苷均能明显抑制细胞增殖(P0.01),明显下调周期蛋白D1和凋亡因子Bcl-2的表达水平(P0.01或P0.05),明显上调P21和促凋亡因子Bax的表达水平(P0.01)。结论:莫诺苷能抑制人恶性黑色素瘤细胞增殖和促进其凋亡,其机制可能是通过下调周期蛋白D1和Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平,上调P21和Bax蛋白的表达水平,调控周期蛋白D1-CDK-P21通路及凋亡通路,从而促进恶性黑色素细胞的凋亡。     

左旋咪唑抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7生长的作用机制

左旋咪唑可作为乳腺癌治疗的辅助药物,然其抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7生长的作用机制仍未清楚。为探究左旋咪唑抑制乳腺癌细胞生长的分子机制,该研究通过CCK-8法检测左旋咪唑对MCF-7细胞活力的影响,细胞划痕检测细胞迁移变化,显微镜下观察细胞形态学变化,吖啶橙/溴化乙啶双荧光染色法(AO-EB)检测细胞凋亡,免疫印迹法(Western blot,WB)检测PI3K/Akt、Bcl-2/Bax、Caspase-9/3相对表达变化。结果显示,与对照组相比,加药组细胞增殖受到显著抑制,其效应与药物浓度和作用时间均呈正相关;与对照组相比,加药组细胞形态发生皱缩,趋于圆形,胞内出现大量空泡;细胞划痕结果显示,加药组细胞迁移能力受到显著抑制;AO-EB结果表明,加药组细胞凋亡小体增加,细胞凋亡率显著上升;免疫印迹法结果表明,与对照组相比,加药组PI3K/Akt、Bcl-2相对表达量显著下降(P0.01),Bax、Caspase-9、Caspase-3蛋白表达显著上升(P0.001)。结果表明,左旋咪唑可通过抑制PI3K/Akt、Bcl-2/Bax信号途径来抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的增殖、迁移,从而促进细胞凋亡,抑制细胞的生长。     

艾拉莫德增强丝裂霉素C诱导的人食管癌Eca109细胞凋亡

目的探讨艾拉莫德增强丝裂霉素C（MMC）诱导的人食管癌Eca109细胞凋亡的作用及其机制。 方法将人食管癌Eca109细胞分为五组：对照组、MMC组、25,50,100 μg/ml浓度艾拉莫德+MMC组;通过CCK-8和DCFH-DA染色法分别检测25,50,100 μg/ml浓度艾拉莫德联合MMC对人食管癌Eca109细胞活力和细胞活性氧（ROS）生成的影响,流式细胞术检测艾拉莫德联合MMC对人食管癌Eca109细胞凋亡的影响,并通过Western Blot检测艾拉莫德联合MMC对TNF-α和cleaved caspase3蛋白表达的影响。采用单因素方差分析和t检验进行统计学分析。 结果CCK-8结果显示,与0 μg/ml T-614+MMC组A450值（0.85±0.03）比较,25、50、100 μg/ml T-614+MMC组A450值（0.73±0.02,0.52±0.02,0.33±0.02）均降低,差异具有统计学意义（F = 127.60, P < 0.01）;DCFH-DA染色检测结果显示,与0 μg/ml T-614+MMC组DCFH荧光值（130.00±10.00）比较,25、50、100 μg/ml T-614+MMC组DCFH值（219.67±9.50,280.33±10.50,338.33±16.07）均升高,差异具有统计学意义（F = 170.20,P < 0.01）;流式细胞术检测结果显示,与对照组的细胞凋亡率（5.33±0.35）﹪比较,T-614和MMC组的凋亡率（20.30±2.00）﹪,（25.60±3.00）﹪均升高。与MMC组细胞凋亡率（25.60±3.00）﹪比较,艾拉莫德与MMC联用组（T-614+MMC）食管癌Eca109细胞的细胞凋亡率（56.20±3.00）﹪升高,差异均具有统计学意义（F = 247.50,P < 0.01）;Western Blot结果显示,与MMC组细胞TNF-α和cleaved caspase3蛋白表达（0.87±0.06,0.25±0.03）比较,艾拉莫德与MMC联用组（T-614+MMC）食管癌Eca109细胞的TNF-α和cleaved caspase3蛋白表达（1.28±0.08,0.59±0.03）升高,差异均具有统计学意义（F = 96.90,P < 0.01）。 结论艾拉莫德能够增强MMC对食管癌Eca109细胞活力的抑制作用,其机制可能通过促进ROS的生成,激活线粒体凋亡通路,最终导致食管癌Eca109细胞凋亡。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.