不同性别急性心肌梗死合并心衰患者院内治疗及一年随访情况的比较

目的:比较不同性别急性心肌梗死(Acute Myocardial Infarction,AMI)合并心衰患者住院期间院内治疗方式、一年随访用药依从性及心血管不良事件发生情况。方法:收集我院2014年10月至2015年6月收治的136例急性心肌梗死合并心衰患者,分析和比较不同性别患者入院时的临床特征、住院期间治疗方式、一年随访过程中用药依从性以及心血管不良事件发生率的差异。结果:本研究共入组136例急性心肌梗死合并心衰患者,其中男性患者70(51.47%)例,女性66(48.53%)例。男性患者具有吸烟史、饮酒史的比例显著高于女性患者(62.86%vs 28.79%,P=0.001;35.71%vs 10.61%,P=0.001),但具有糖尿病史的比例明显低于女性(35.71%vs 53.03%,P=0.042);男性患者住院期间接受溶栓或经皮冠状动脉介入(Percutaneous Coronary Intervention,PCI)治疗的比例明显高于女性(62.86%vs 45.45%,P=0.042);男性患者一年随访期间出现胸痛、卒中的比例低于女性(11.43%vs 24.24%,P=0.050;2.86%vs 12.12%,P=0.050);但出血事件的发生率高于女性(10.00%vs 0%,P=0.014)。结论:男性急性心肌梗死合并心衰患者住院期间接受溶栓或PCI治疗的比例明显高于女性;一年随访过程中出现胸痛、卒中事件率低于女性,但出血事件的发生率高于女性。     

急性心肌梗死患者冠脉介入治疗后血浆apelin的变化及作用

目的:观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者围手术期血浆apelin的表达变化,分析AMI合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血浆apelin的表达与预后的相关性,探讨apelin在冠脉介入治疗(PCI)中的心脏保护作用。方法:72例于2012年2月~8月在我院心内科接受冠状动脉造影确诊为AMI并成功完成PCI的冠心病患者,分别在术前、术后0小时、术后4小时、术后24小时收集血清,酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆apelin-13水平;进一步对糖尿病及非糖尿病AMI患者(每组各20例)进行亚组分析,随访两组患者在术后6个月时主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)。结果:AMI患者术后0 h组apelin水平与术前基线水平明显降低(31.54±5.48 vs35.15±6.48 ng/L,P0.05);术后4小时及24小时组apelin水平较术前明显升高(39.65±5.48 vs 35.15±6.48 ng/L,43.93±5.37 vs35.15±6.48 ng/L,P0.05)。糖尿病与非糖尿病组apelin水平术前无明显差异;糖尿病组在术后各时间点的apelin水平均明显高于非糖尿病组(31.12±5.50 vs 29.21±6.53 ng/L,40.57±5.37 vs 33.49±3.89 ng/L,43.50±7.41 vs 34.54±3.52 ng/L,P0.05)。两组术后6个月随访T2DM组LVEF值改善明显高于NT2DM组,但MACCE事件无明显差异。结论:AMI患者PCI术后存在血浆apelin表达的升高,其中糖尿病患者在术后血浆apelin表达较非糖尿病患者明显增高,提示PCI冠脉血运重建可促进糖尿病患者apelin分泌,调节胰岛素抵抗改善预后。     

NT-proBNP、BNP及hs-CRP在老年急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血浆中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨N末端前体脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)、脑钠肽(BNP)及超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)在老年急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血浆中的表达及临床意义。方法:选择2015年2月～2018年7月在我院进行诊治的老年急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者200例为观察组,选择同期在我院进行诊治的非冠脉综合征患者100例为对照组。入院后次日检测所有患者的血浆中的NT-proBNP、BNP及hs-CRP等指标的水平,并对比两组患者以及观察组中不同血管病变支数患者上述指标水平。两组患者均随访6个月,观察心血管不良事件的发生率。结果:观察组患者的NT-proBNP、BNP及hs-CRP水平均显著高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组内单支血管病变、双支血管病变、三支血管病变患者间NT-proBNP、BNP及hs-CRP水平比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),各项指标水平随着血管病变支数增加而升高(P0.05)。观察组在出院后为期6个月随访期间心血管不良事件发生率为16.50%,高于对照组心血管不良事件发生率为6.00%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。患者冠脉血管病变支数与血浆NT-proBNP、BNP及hs-CRP水平间呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:血浆NT-proBNP、BNP及hs-CRP水平在老年急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者中显著升高,且随着患者血管病变程度的增加而升高,对患者预后心血管不良事件判断有较好的预测作用。     

血清BNP浓度变化监测对预测STEMI患者PCI术后预后的预测价值

目的:分析血清B型钠尿肽(BNP)浓度变化对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后预后的预测价值。方法:选取130例发病12 h内行PCI治疗的STEMI患者,通过荧光免疫法测定所有患者治疗前、发病24h、发病1周血清BNP水平,根据发病24 h血清BNP水平将患者分为A(≤100 pg/m L)、B(100~400 pg/m L)、C(400 pg/m L)三组,比较各组入院时Gensini评分、PCI术后1周左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室壁运动积分指数(LVWMSI)及术后6个月预后(主要心血管不良事件)情况。结果:A组Gensini评分最低,B组居中,C组Gensini评分最高;C组入院时Gensini评分、CI术后1周LVWMSI、随访6个月再发心肌梗死、心力衰竭、心律失常发生率均显著高于A、B组,B组以上指标均明显高于A组(P0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示患者24 h血清BNP水平与LVWMSI呈显著正相关(r=0.728,P0.01)。结论:血清BNP水平可有效反映STEMI患者PCI术后心功能,对近期不良心血管事件有一定的预测价值。     

糖尿病患者的MPV、脂联素水平与冠心病的关系

目的:研究糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus,DM)患者血小板体积(mean platelet volume,MPV)和血清脂联素水平与冠心病的关系。方法:选取研究对象共150例分为三组,其中101名糖尿病患者根据冠脉造影结果分为:A组(糖尿病合并冠心病组)共72人,B组(糖尿病非冠心病组)共29人。对照组为排除糖尿病且冠脉造影正常者共49人。入院次日检测空腹血常规(含MPV),应用ELISA法检测各组血清脂联素水平。应用Gensini评分系统评估冠状动脉的狭窄程度。结果:A组和B组的脂联素水平均低于对照组(P0.05),且A组脂联素水平低于B组(P0.05)。A组与B组MPV水平均高于对照组(P0.05),且A组MPV水平高于B组(P0.05)。相关性分析显示Gensini评分与脂联素水平负相关(r=-0.59,P0.001),Gensini评分与MPV正相关(r=0.56,P0.001)。结论:脂联素、MPV与糖尿病合并冠心病的发生显著相关,而脂联素可能通过拮抗糖尿病患者血小板活性程度,延缓心血管并发症的发生。     

牛磺酸对大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注后肺损伤时磷脂酶A2的影响

目的:探讨牛磺酸对大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注后肺损伤时磷脂酶A2(PLA2)的影响。方法:实验采用大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注损伤模型,将Wistar大鼠30只随机分为3组(n=10),对照组(control)、单纯缺血/再灌注组(I/R)、牛磺酸 缺血/再灌注组(Tau I/R),分别测定血浆丙二醛(MDA)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及肺组织Taurine、XOD、SOD、MDA、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的含量、肺湿/干比值(W/D)和磷脂酶A2(PLA2)的活性。结果:口服牛磺酸可有效地降低肺组织MPO、PLA2和XOD的活性。结论:牛磺酸对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注后肺损伤具有保护作用,其机制之一可能与降低PLA2活性和抑制炎症反应有关。     

肝移植术后新发糖尿病危险因素及对预后影响的研究

目的:研究肝移植术后新发糖尿病的危险因素以及新发糖尿病对肝移植受者生存率的影响。方法:收集2007年7月至2014年9月间143例接受原位肝移植且术前无糖尿病的患者资料,根据术后是否新发糖尿病分为术后新发糖尿病(NODM)组(33例)和无糖尿病(non-NODM)组(110例),采用二元logistic回归分析NODM的危险因素,Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Log-rank法比较两组间生存率的差异。结果:单因素比较两组间有显著差异的因素(P0.05)包括,术前MELD评分,NODM组14.30±6.70 VS non-NODM组11.15±4.67;Child-Pugh评分/分级,NODM组A级9例(26.3%)、B级13例(38.4%)、C级11例(33.3%)VS non-NODM组A级65例(59.1%)、B级35例(31.8%)、C级10例(9.1%);常规应用糖皮质激素,NODM组16例(48.5%)VS non-NODM组31例(28.2%);肝移植术后第1个月血浆他克莫司谷浓度,NODM组8.68±2.61 VS non-NODM组7.44±2.34;术后第1个月血清AST,NODM组55.72±33.34 VS 44.16±24.17。多因素回归分析结果示,肝移植术前Child-Pugh分级(P=0.001):B级无统计学意义(P0.05),C级(P0.001,OR=11.996,95%CI:3.340-43.089)和移植术后第1个月血浆他克莫司谷浓度(P=0.013,OR=1.306, 95%CI:1.058-1.612);NODM组患者生存率显著低于non-NODM组(P=0.001)。结论:肝移植术前Child-Pugh分级C级和移植术后第1个月血浆他克莫司谷浓度是NODM的独立危险因素,NODM显著降低患者生存率。     

AMI 患者血浆NT-proBNP 水平与心肌缺血及预后关系的研究

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血浆N末端B型尿钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)的水平与心肌缺血及预后的关系。方法:98例急性心肌梗死患者根据患者是否行直接PCI手术治疗,分为PCI手术治疗组和非PCI治疗组,观察缺血改善情况与NT-proBNP水平的关系,同时根据治疗后NT-proBNP的水平分为三组,A组NT-proBNP<125pg/ml、B组125pg/ml≤NT-proBNP<450pg/ml、C组NT-proBNP≥450pg/ml,观察NT-proBNP的水平与预后的关系。结果:行PCI组NT-proBNP的水平下降程度(438.3±134.5)明显高于未行PCI组者(158.6±146.1,P<0.05),MACE的发生情况C组明显高于A组(P=0.006<0.01),也高于B组(P=0.028<0.05),A组与B组相比,B组的MACE发生率有上升的趋势,但是无统计学意义(P=0.432>0.05)。结论:急性心肌梗死患者早期血浆NT-proBNP的水平在一定程度上可以反应心肌的缺血程度,且与患者的预后成明显的负相关。     

全程综合护理干预对提高心肌梗死患者依从性及预后的研究

目的:探讨全程综合护理干预对心肌梗死患者遵医行为及预后的影响.方法:100例心肌梗死患者随机分为对照组及全程综合护理组,每组各50例.对照组实施传统的常规护理,综合护理组患者开展全程综合护理.出院随访1年,1年后复查冠状动脉造影,比较期间服药日比率和心血管事件发生率.结果:全程综合护理干预提高患者服药日比率(81.1±6.2％vs.60.9±5.9％,P＜0.05),并减少患者心肌梗死及PCI术后再狭窄等心血管事件的发生(P＜0.05).结论:全程综合护理干预可提高心肌梗死患者遵医行为,降低二次心梗和冠状动脉再狭窄等心血管事件发生率,改善了患者的预后,为心梗患者的护理提供了新思路.     

年龄对急性心肌梗死患者近期预后影响的分析

目的:探讨年龄对急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者近期预后的影响。方法:收集2003年至2012年于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一临床医院CCU住院的AMI患者共3434例,依年龄分为四组:青年组(≤44岁)338例、中年组(45-59岁)1194例、老年组(60-79岁)1740例、高龄组(≥80岁)162例,住院期间发生的不良心血管事件包括:充血性心力衰竭538例,恶性心律失常134例,心源性休克134例,心脏破裂24例,死亡58例,联合事件(包括两种或两种以上述不良心血管事件)162例,分析不同年龄组患者住院期间不良心血管事件的发生情况。结果:充血性心力衰竭、心源性休克、死亡、心脏破裂和联合事件的发生率在四个不同年龄组之间均具有统计学意义(P0.01)。除高龄组外,其他各年龄组不良心血管事件的发生率有随年龄增加而升高的趋势。结论:年龄是AMI患者近期预后的影响因素。80岁的AMI患者住院期间不良心血管事件的发生率有随着年龄的增加而升高的趋势,≥80岁的AMI患者尚有待于进一步研究。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.