去乙酰化酶抑制剂TSA介导Ku70乙酰化对结肠癌HT29细胞凋亡和自噬的影响

目的:探讨不同浓度组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂TSA对结肠癌HT29细胞的增殖、凋亡和自噬影响及其机制研究。方法:取对数生长期人结肠癌HT29细胞,采用MTT法检测不同浓度TSA处理对其细胞活力影响,并根据IC50值确定适宜给药浓度;采用流式细胞术检测不同浓度TSA处理后结肠癌HT29细胞的凋亡情况;Western blot验证空白对照组与TSA给药处理组中凋亡标志蛋白Ku70、acetrl-Ku70、Caspase3、Bax、Bcl-2和自噬标志蛋白LC3和Beclin1的表达。结果:MTT法实验结果表明TSA对结肠癌HT29细胞具有时间和浓度依赖性抑制作用,根据IC50=1.12μM,本研究中TSA的给药浓度为0.5μM和1μM;流式细胞凋亡检测结果表明TSA能够显著促进结肠癌HT29细胞凋亡,且其促凋亡作用存在浓度依赖性;此外,Western blot检测结果证实,与空白对照组相比,TSA给药处理可显著上调上述细胞中acetrl-Ku70以及促凋亡蛋白Caspase3、Bax和自噬标志蛋白LC3和Beclin1的表达,下调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达(P<0.05)。结论:组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(TSA)的体外抗结肠癌细胞的增殖、促进细胞凋亡和自噬作用与其上调Ku70蛋白乙酰化密切相关,有望成为临床潜在抗癌靶点。     

乙酰哈巴苷通过Wnt信号通路诱导结肠癌HCT116细胞凋亡

本文探讨乙酰哈巴苷诱导结肠癌HCT116细胞凋亡机制。采用流式细胞术检测乙酰哈巴苷对HCT116细胞周期及凋亡的影响,发现细胞周期被阻滞在G1期,0.75 mmol/L乙酰哈巴苷处理48 h后,细胞凋亡明显增加。转录组测序显示乙酰哈巴苷引起HCT116细胞1 921个mRNA上调和2 208个mRNA下调,可显著影响Wnt信号通路。RT-qPCR和Western blot验证实验表明,乙酰哈巴苷处理后,HCT116细胞中β-catenin、CyclinD1、Survivin、Bcl-2和c-Myc蛋白显著降低(P<0.05),凋亡相关蛋白Bax和cleaved-caspase3表达增加(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,乙酰哈巴苷主要通过Wnt信号通路抑制结肠癌细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡。     

曲古霉素A增强肺癌细胞对放射线敏感性及机制

目的:探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古霉素A(trichostatin A,TSA)增强人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)A549对γ-射线敏感性作用及机制。方法:以TSA(0.5μM)预处理细胞18h,再以5Gyγ-射线照射细胞,24h后采用MTT法检测细胞存活率,AnnexinV-PI染色检测细胞凋亡,Westemblot法检测胞浆中和线粒体促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞线粒体膜电位变化。结果:5Gyγ-射线照射可轻度降低细胞存活率,仅有少量细胞发生凋亡,以TSA预处理再以γ-射线处理细胞,细胞存活率显著下降,凋亡细胞明显增多,伴有线粒体膜电位下降,以及Bax蛋白的激活,表现在线粒体Bax表达较单纯照射组显著增高。结论:TSA通过促进Bax蛋白的活化激活线粒体凋亡途径,增强增强A549细胞对y-射线的敏感性。     

PIG11与热休克蛋白60的相互作用介导肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡

为了探讨候选肝癌抑癌蛋白PIG11(p53-induced gene 11,PIG11)诱导细胞凋亡的机制,首次在HepG2细胞株中鉴定了11个PIG11结合蛋白,热休克蛋白60(heat shock protein 60,Hsp60)为其中之一．采用免疫共沉淀联合Western blot 技术对Hsp60进行了验证．用Western blot检测其蛋白质表达,结果显示：pLXSN-PIG11-HepG2细胞中Hsp60蛋白表达较pLXSN-HepG2、HepG2细胞组下调(n=3,P < 0.01)．选取与Hsp60关系密切的Bax蛋白进行研究,Western blot结果显示PIG11高表达可引起胞浆Bax向线粒体转位．以上结果表明,PIG11蛋白能与HepG2细胞中的Hsp60结合,促进Hsp60-Bax的分离,引起Bax从胞液到线粒体转位,激活线粒体凋亡途径,这可能是其诱导HepG2细胞凋亡的主要机制之一．     

改构苹果多糖对人结肠癌HT29细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨改构苹果多糖(modified apple polysaecharides,MAP)对人结肠癌HT29细胞凋亡的影响及其机制.方法:采用MTT法观察不同浓度MAP对HT29细胞增殖的影响;TUNEL法和流式细胞术研究MAP对HT29细胞凋亡的作用;Western Blot法检测给予不同浓度MAP后,HT29细胞中凋亡相关蛋白caspase3,8,9、Bax和Bcl-2表达的变化.结果:与对照组相比,MAP对HT29细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用且能诱导HT29细胞的凋亡;MAP可促进HT29细胞caspase 3,8,9及Bax的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达,且均呈剂量依赖性.结论:MAP可以通过内部和外部途径诱导HT29细胞凋亡.     

分心木乙醇提取物对人结肠癌HCT116细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响

为研究分心木对人结肠癌细胞HCT116增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响,该研究以75%乙醇作为溶剂提取分心木中的活性成分,利用MTT法检测分心木乙醇提取物对HCT116细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术、AO/EB双染、TUNEL法和Western blot检测细胞凋亡;划痕愈合实验检测细胞迁移;体外建立肿瘤3D细胞模型(3D培养)检测分心木乙醇提取物对HCT116 3D肿瘤细胞球增殖的影响。结果显示,分心木乙醇提取物以剂量依赖的方式抑制HCT116细胞活性,促进细胞凋亡,同时促进凋亡因子Bax的表达,降低抗凋亡因子Bcl2的表达,并促进凋亡的关键执行蛋白PARP的裂解;划痕愈合实验和3D肿瘤细胞培养表明,分心木乙醇提取物抑制细胞迁移和3D肿瘤细胞的增殖。该研究表明,分心木乙醇提取物抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖和迁移,并通过促进cleaved PARP、Bax蛋白表达和抑制Bcl2蛋白的表达诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。此外,分心木乙醇提取物抑制肿瘤3D细胞球的增殖,这提示结肠癌对分心木乙醇提取物的药物敏感性在体内体外没有显著差异。     

二烯丙基三硫通过线粒体依赖性途径诱导人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡

二烯丙基三硫(diallyl trisulfide,DATS)对多种肿瘤有抗癌作用,但机制尚不完全清楚．为探讨DATS对人肝癌细胞系HepG2细胞凋亡的影响,用丫啶橙/溴化乙锭(AO/EB)法观察细胞凋亡情况,在显微镜下计数凋亡细胞数．JC-1荧光染色观察线粒体膜电势变化．Western blot法检测细胞色素c蛋白分布,ELISA法检测caspase-3活性． 结果显示,DATS诱导HepG2细胞凋亡,用 50 μmol/L 与100 μmol/L DATS处理48 h,细胞凋亡率分别达到60.33%和93.67%,并引起HepG2细胞线粒体膜电势降低．Western blot显示,DATS能诱导胞浆细胞色素c增加,与此同时,线粒体细胞色素c减少,诱导HepG2细胞caspase-3活化．提示：DATS可通过降低线粒体膜电势,促进细胞色素c由线粒体膜释放到胞浆中,激活caspase-3途径诱导人肝癌细胞系HepG2细胞凋亡．     

曲古霉素A增强肺癌细胞对放射线敏感性及机制

目的：探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古霉素A（trichostatin A,TSA）增强人非小细胞肺癌（NscLc）A549对γ-射线敏感性作用及机制。方法：以TSA（0．51zM）预处理细胞18h,再以5Gyγ-射线照射细胞,24h后采用MTT法检测细胞存活率,AnnexinV—PI染色检测细胞凋亡,Westernblot法检测胞浆中和线粒体促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞线粒体膜电位变化。结果-5Gyγ-射线照射可轻度降低细胞存活率,仅有少量细胞发生凋亡,以TSA预处理再以γ-射线处理细胞,细胞存活率显著下降,凋亡细胞明显增多,伴有线粒体膜电位下降,以及Bax蛋白的激活,表现在线粒体Bax表达较单纯照射组显著增高。结论：TSA通过促进Bax蛋白的活化激活线粒体凋亡途径,增强增强A549细胞对γ-射线的敏感性。     

JIB-04通过调控细胞周期蛋白抑制结肠癌细胞增殖

已有报道显示,组蛋白去甲基化酶抑制剂JIB-04(Jumonji histone demethylase inihibitor,JIB-04)抑制肿瘤的发生发展,但其具体作用机制仍不清楚。本研究以结肠癌细胞HCT116和HT29为对象,探讨组蛋白去甲基化酶抑制剂JIB-04对结肠癌细胞增殖的影响,并阐述其作用机制。MTT和平板克隆形成实验显示,JIB-04以浓度和时间依赖的方式降低HCT116和HT29细胞的增殖能力,半数抑制浓度分别为661.7 nmol/L及226.1 nmol/L,细胞克隆数也明显减少。qRT-PCR和Western印迹结果证明,与未经JIB-04处理的HCT116和HT29细胞比较,细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclinD1)、细胞周期蛋白E1(cyclinE1)的mRNA水平和CDK4、CDK6及细胞周期蛋白D1的蛋白质水平有不同程度的降低,同时CDK抑制剂p21的蛋白质水平分别上调约1.99倍和2.37倍。检测凋亡相关因子发现,在HCT116和HT29细胞中,p53、胱天蛋白酶3、胱天蛋白酶9、Bax、JNK及PUMA的mRNA及蛋白质水平均降低。机制研究显示,JIB-04使组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1(LSD1)的mRNA水平分别下调约56.8%和75.5%,其蛋白质水平下调约27.12%和15.32%。本研究结果表明,JIB-04可改变组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶LSD1的活性,调控细胞周期蛋白及相关因子在mRNA和蛋白质水平的表达,同时诱导凋亡蛋白质发生改变,从而抑制结肠癌细胞增殖和凋亡。     

RNAi沉默Snail增加结肠癌对5氟尿嘧啶敏感性研究

目的:研究Snail的抑制是否能增加耐药结肠癌细胞对5-FU的敏感性,评估其可能的信号转导通路。方法:使用5-氟尿嘧啶耐药HCT116细胞(HCT116/5-FU),评估细胞形态及分子的变化。通过靶向人Snail基因小干扰RNA(si RNA)抑制Snail的表达。Annexin V/PI染色用于评估5-FU诱导的细胞凋亡。Western blot检测caspase以及可能的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)和线粒体途径。结果:HCT116细胞对5-Fu耐药性的获得诱导了与EMT一致的形态学变化。RNA干扰沉默Snail逆转HCT116/5-FU细胞EMT并增加了5-FU耐药HCT116细胞对5-FU的敏感性。可能的机制涉及JNK与线粒体途径的激活。结论:EMT样表型的改变与HCT116细胞对5-FU耐药相关;si RNA介导的Snail下调可能是一个潜在的克服5-FU化疗耐药的治疗方法。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.