365例妊娠期妇女TORCH感染的血清学检测及妊娠结局分析

目的了解本地妊娠期妇女TORCH[刚地弓形虫(TOX)、风疹病毒(RV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)和单纯性疱疹病毒(HSV)]感染检出情况和妊娠结局,为加强孕妇保健、促进优生优育工作提供参考依据。方法选择青田县妇幼保健所2013年1月至2014年12月产科接收的365例孕妇为研究对象,回顾性分析其血清标本中TORCH(TOX、RV、CMV和HSV)的特异性IgM、IgG检测结果,并总结妊娠结局。结果妊娠期妇女TOX、RV、CMV和HSV-IgM阳性率分别为0.82%、1.34%、3.01%和4.38%;IgG阳性率分别为2.74%、57.26%、85.48%和81.64%。TORCH-IgM阳性孕妇出现不良妊娠结局的概率为31.43%,显著高于TORCH-IgM阴性孕妇的1.81%(P0.01)。结论妊娠期妇女TORCH感染是不良妊娠结局的重要危险因素,应加强临床宣传工作和产前筛查,达到优生优育的目的。     

1253例孕妇和新生儿TORCH检测结果分析

目的 了解TORCH感染情况,为妇幼保健提供参考依据.方法 采用捕获ELISA方法对1 253例孕妇和新生儿的血清进行TORCH-IgM抗体检测.结果 689例孕妇CMV、TOX、RV及HSVⅡ特异性IgM抗体阳性率分别为1.89％、0.87％、0.44％和0.73％;564例新生儿CMV-IgM、TOX-IgM、RV-IgM和HSVⅡ-IgM阳性率分别为6.91％、0.18％、0和0.35％.结论 检测TORCH特异性抗体对优生优育有重要关系.     

大连地区孕前期及孕早期妇女TORCH检测结果分析

目的 通过化学发光分析法对大连市妇幼保健院就诊的2 293例孕前和孕早期妇女TORCH检测结果进行分析,统计得出其感染的阳性率,为本地区育龄期妇女保健提供参考依据,加强TORCH对孕产妇影响的认识,并指导做好预防工作。方法 采用化学发光免疫分析法（CLIA)对2 293例孕前期及孕早期妇女进行巨细胞病毒（CMV）、单纯疱疹（HSV）、风疹（RV）、弓形虫（TOX）的IgG以及IgM进行检测。结果 IgG抗体检测结果：TOX阳性率为1.25%,CMV阳性率为95.04%,RV阳性率为84.78%,HSV阳性率为94.31%。IgM抗体检测结果：TOX阳性率为1.39%,CMV阳性率为1.48%,RV阳性率为2.28%,HSV阳性率为10.50%。结论 大连地区孕前期及孕早期妇女TORCH的阳性率偏高,TORCH的感染影响人口的质量,与优生优育有着重要的关系,要积极做好检测和预防,及早的干预和治疗。     

TORCH感染对育龄妇女不孕不育的影响

目的分析单纯疱疹病毒、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、弓形虫感染(TORCH感染)对育龄妇女不孕不育以及不良妊娠结局的影响,为优生优育提供参考。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2017年6月义乌市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心体检者的病例资料,选择女性不孕不育患者300例(不孕不育组)及正常妊娠者616例(对照组)为研究对象,应用ELISA检测各组对象TORCH-IgM,比较两组对象的TORCH感染状况。结果不孕不育组TORCH-IgM总体阳性率为17.0%(51/300),高于对照组的4.55%(28/616),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。不孕不育组的单一感染与混合感染率分别为12.67%和4.33%,高于对照组的4.06%和0.49%,两组对象单一感染率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。TORCH感染的孕妇不良妊娠结局比例高于未感染者(51.85%vs 0.74%,χ2=-44.932,P0.01)。结论 TORCH感染可影响育龄妇女的孕育状况,常规开展TORCH检测有利于降低育龄妇女的不孕不育率,对优生优育的开展有重要意义。     

子痫前期发病相关高危因素的Logistic回归分析

目的:采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归方法分析本地区子痫前期发病相关高危因素。方法:选择2014年1月到2017年4月在我院进行分娩的子痫前期产妇78例作为观察组及同期在我院进行分娩的正常产妇78例作为对照组,比较两组产妇的一般情况、婚姻生育史、孕期保健情况、既往史、家族史、本次妊娠情况等。结果:两组产妇的年龄、孕次、产次、初检孕周、产前检查次数等比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组子痫前期首次发生的平均孕周为38.26±2.63周。单因素分析显示自然流产史、子痫前期家族史、妊娠高血压、孕前BMI、孕期尿路感染与子痫前期发病明显相关(P0.05);非条件Logistic回归多因素分析结果显示自然流产史、子痫前期家族史、妊娠高血压、孕前BMI为导致子痫前期发病的主要独立危险因素(P0.05)。观察组以剖宫产为主要分娩方式,分娩孕周也明显长于对照组(P0.05);两组产妇都无死亡情况发生,但观察组的产后出血、胎盘早剥、心肝肾功能不全等并发症发生率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:自然流产史、子痫前期家族史、妊娠高血压、孕前BMI为导致子痫前期发病的主要独立危险因素,可导致不良妊娠结局的增加。     

孕中期乳杆菌干预与早产结局的相关分析

目的探讨妊娠中期应用乳杆菌活菌胶囊对早产及先兆早产的预防价值。方法选择石家庄市第四医院2013年门诊产检的妊娠中期的孕妇,筛查出阴道微生态失调1 032例。根据是否接受乳杆菌活菌胶囊治疗分为观察组427例与对照组605例。观察组孕妇睡前温开水冲洗外阴后于阴道后穹窿处放置乳杆菌活菌胶囊1粒,连用10d。10d后行阴道微生态检查,仍异常者再治疗10d。对照组孕妇未进行用药干预治疗。观察并评估观察组孕妇治疗后阴道内乳杆菌阳性率及阴道分泌物清洁度的变化,比较两组孕妇发生早产或先兆早产的情况。结果观察组孕妇治疗后阴道pH(4.04±0.12)较前(4.83±0.09)明显下降(P0.05);乳杆菌阳性率(81.73%)较前(0.00%)明显上升(P0.05)。观察组孕妇先兆早产发生率为5.39%,显著低于对照组的8.93%(χ2=4.985,P0.05);观察组孕妇早产发生率为0.70%,显著低于对照组的2.98%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.782,P0.05)。结论妊娠晚期孕妇阴道微生态失调与先兆早产及早产的发生关系密切,乳杆菌活菌胶囊可恢复正常的阴道微生态环境,降低先兆早产及早产的发生率,对预防先兆早产及早产的风险有一定临床价值。     

2020年广州市荔湾区健康人群麻疹、风疹和水痘的IgG抗体水平监测分析

目的了解广州市荔湾区2020年健康人群的麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体水平,为本地制定免疫规划策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法确定被调查对象,采集血液标本共238份,进行麻疹、风疹和水痘的IgG抗体水平监测并进行分析。结果 ELISA检测血清样本共238份,麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体阳性率分别为97.06%、92.02%和79.41%,抗体几何平均浓度(geometric mean concentration, GMC)分别为1 204.65、43.38和290.38 mIU/mL。男女性别比为1.02∶1,麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2～4岁组麻疹IgG阳性率最低,不同年龄组阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=48.158,P0.05);0～1岁组的风疹IgG抗体阳性率最低,不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=36.980,P0.05);0～1岁组水痘IgG抗体阳性率非常低,不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=30.832,P0.05)。接种麻疹疫苗≥2剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率为95.10%,不同免疫史差异无统计学意义(P=0.448,P0.05);接种风疹疫苗0剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率最低,不同免疫史差异无统计学意义(P=0.020,P0.05);接种水痘减毒活疫苗0剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率最低,接种2剂次的阳性率最高,不同免疫史差异有统计学意义(P=0.010,P0.05)。结论本区麻疹、风疹IgG抗体均维持在较高水平并有所提高;水痘IgG抗体水平较低,存在暴发、流行的可能。应加强麻疹、风疹免疫接种和查漏补种工作;有针对性地宣传水痘减毒活疫苗并推广接种;还须积极开展麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体水平监测。     

围生期孕妇支原体感染与产后子宫内膜炎的相关性分析及护理对策

目的探讨围生期孕妇支原体感染与产后子宫内膜炎的相关性及护理对策。方法采用支原体培养法对围生期保健及分娩的孕妇宫颈分泌物进行解脲脲原体(Uu)及人型支原体(Mh)检测,将50例产后子宫内膜炎的产妇作为观察组,另选50例正常的产妇作为对照组。结果观察组Uu的阳性率为28.0%,对照组的阳性率为8.0%,经比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组Mh的阳性率为12.0%,对照组的阳性率为8.0%,经比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组中,Uu感染早产发生率或胎膜早破发生率为58.8%,而对照组中均未见早产和胎膜早破现象,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Uu阳性与产后子宫内膜炎的相关系数β=1.565(P0.05),Mh阳性与产后子宫内膜炎无相关性(P0.05)。结论围生期支原体感染与产后子宫内膜炎的发生有一定的相关性;应加强孕妇围生期护理,提高围生期保健质量及产妇的生存质量。     

妊娠合并乙型肝炎患者血脂及雌激素水平检测的临床意义

目的:探讨妊娠合并乙型肝炎患者血脂及雌激素水平检测的临床意义。方法:选择2014年8月到2017年4月我院收治的妊娠合并乙型肝炎孕妇80例作为观察组,同期选择无乙型肝炎的80例孕妇作为对照组,比较两组的血清HDL-C、TC、TG、LDL-C及雌激素水平,对比两组不同妊娠结局血脂和血清雌激素水平,并以妊娠不良结局作为因变量,以收集的资料、血脂及雌激素水平作为自变量,分析妊娠合并乙型肝炎患者妊娠不良结局的危险因素。结果:与对照组相比,观察组血清LDL-C、TC、TG含量均显著升高,而HDL-C含量明显降低(P0.05)。观察组与对照组的血清雌激素含量分别为154.20±10.82 pmol/L和88.14±8.98pmol/L,观察组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。与对照组相比,观察组剖宫产、产后出血、新生儿窒息、胎儿窘迫、妊娠期高血压疾病的发生率均显著增高(P0.05)。观察组和对照组中妊娠不良结局患者的血清TC、TG和LDL-C含量都明显高于妊娠正常结局患者,而HDL-C含量明显低于妊娠正常结局患者。LDL-C、雌激素、年龄、乙肝发病年限为导致妊娠合并乙型肝炎患者妊娠不良结局的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:妊娠合并乙型肝炎患者妊娠不良结局的发生率较高,且伴随有血脂异常与雌激素高表达,二者与妊娠合并乙型肝炎的不良预后相关。     

抗ToRCH-IgM型抗体临床对比检测研究

ToRCH系列病原微生物(包括弓形虫Tox、风疹病毒RuV、巨细胞病毒CMV、单纯疱疹病毒HSV I/Ⅱ等)是一组具有致畸作用的病原体,孕妇感染可导致流产、早产、畸形甚至死胎.目前ToRCH IgM型抗体的检测都在不同程度上受到非特异性的干扰,采用有效方法消除干扰对ToRCH IgM型抗体检测的准确性至关重要.为此我们对比了多种消除IgM检测中非特异性干扰的方法,并以最佳方法对256例女性献血者、143例正常妊娠和61例异常妊娠标本进行ToRCH IgM抗体的对比检测.结果显示健康人群中ToRCH活动性感染率较高,健康孕妇ToRCH IgM的总阳性率高达23.1%(其中Tox5.6%、CMV9.8%、RuV8.4%、HSV4 9%);而异常妊娠则显著上升(p＜0.01),其中Tox、CMV、RuVIgM阳性率上升明显(p＜0.05),分别为19.7%、26.2%、24.6%.由此可见孕期ToRCH病原微生物活动感染是致异常妊娠的主要因素之一,应严密监视孕期ToRCH病原微生物活动性感染,特别是弓形虫、风疹病毒和巨细胞病毒的感染.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.