基于磁性纳米微球的γ干扰素酶联免疫检测方法建立

目的:建立及评价使用磁性纳米微球作为固相载体的人γ干扰素(Interferon-gamma,IFN-γ)双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附实验(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测方法。方法:以杂化细乳液合成法制备磁性纳米微球,将其作为免疫检测的固相载体。将磁性微球与IFN-γ抗体进行偶联,建立基于磁性微球的ELISA检测方法,检测人IFN-γ,绘制IFN-γ标准曲线并进行方法学评价。结果:获得包被有人IFN-γ抗体的免疫微球,抗体偶联率为54.5%。用它建立IFN-γ的双抗体夹心的ELISA检测方法,检测范围为0-1000 pg/m L,相关系数为0.9996,灵敏度23.2 pg/m L,功能灵敏度0 pg/m L,批内和批间变异系数(Coefficients of Variance,CVs)8%,检测总共需要2小时。结论:成功制备了IFN-γ免疫微球并建立了定量检测人IFN-γ的双抗体夹心磁珠酶联免疫方法。     

双抗体夹心ELISA检测HIV-1 gp41抗原方法的建立

目的:建立检测HIV-1gp41抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA,并探讨其临床应用的可行性。方法:用饱和硫酸铵(SAS)纯化抗HIV-1gp41-5单克隆抗体(mAb),用HRP标记后建立双抗体夹心ELISA法,对其灵敏度及特异性进行检测,并用该方法对40份HIV-1阳性血清进行了检测。结果:用mAbE12(5μg/mL)为包被抗体,2H6为酶标记抗体(1∶900)建立了双抗体夹心ELISA法,检测gp41-5多肽的灵敏度是100pg/mL。对HIV-1阳性血清中gp41抗原的检出率为67.5%(27/40)。结论:建立了特异性强、灵敏度良好的检测HIV-1gp41抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA法。     

AlphaLISA检测金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素E方法的建立

目的:利用AlphaLISA技术,建立新型均相检测方法,对金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素E(SEE)进行检测。方法:采用2种SEE抗体建立AlphaLISA检测方法,羊抗肠毒多克隆抗体同受体微球偶联,SEE小鼠单克隆抗体标记生物素,并同偶联了亲和素的供体微球连接,3种组分与待测抗原形成双抗体夹心结构,680nm的光激发供体微球产生能量,将周围反应体系中的氧分子转变为激发态,并将能量传递给受体微球,产生520~620nm的荧光,荧光信号与抗原浓度正相关。对该方法的反应体系进行优化,验证其重复性、敏感性和特异性,并采用该方法检测菌液上清和食品模拟样本。结果:所建立的AlphaLISA检测方法重复性较好,批间变异系数和批内变异系数皆小于10%;检测SEE的灵敏度可以达到100pg/mL,并与其他几种毒素均无交叉反应,具有较好的特异性。该方法也能够准确地对金黄色葡萄球菌菌液上清中的SEE进行检测,对食品模拟样本的检测也有较好的灵敏度。结论:建立了检测SEE的AlphaLISA方法。该方法均相免洗,操作便捷,用时短,灵敏度更高,可对菌液上清和不同食品模拟样本中的SEE进行检测。     

人IFN-γ体外释放检测法的建立及其在结核病诊断中的应用

本研究旨在建立人IFN-γ体外释放检测法,用于人结核病的特异性诊断.克隆表达了人IFN-γ基因,利用纯化的重组IFN-γ免疫小鼠,获得两株高效价的单克隆抗体.用所获得的单克隆抗体及兔抗IFN-γ多克隆抗体建立了检测人IFN-γ的夹心ELISA,检测灵敏度达到31.25 pg/mL.采集111位结核病阳性病人与292位临床健康对照者肝素抗凝全血,利用结核菌特异性抗原ESAT-6/CFP-10融合蛋白体外刺激外周血淋巴细胞释放IFN-γ,用所建立的夹心ELISA及商品化试剂盒平行检测所有样本,结果表明两种方法的检测结果相符.结核患者的检测灵敏度为95.5%,健康对照的阳性检出率为16.7%,患者与健康对照的阳性检出率差异极显著(P<0.01),证实所建立的方法灵敏度与特异性均很高,具有良好的应用前景.     

纳米磁性颗粒标记的免疫层析法定量检测人乙型肝炎表面抗原

目的:应用纳米磁性颗粒标记的免疫层析法,研制可应用于乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)快速定量检测的层析试纸条。方法:用1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-碳化二亚胺(EDC)/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)交联的方法标记纳米磁珠,喷膜仪喷点硝酸纤维膜;根据双抗体夹心法原理建立免疫层析试纸条,对HBsAg特异性抗体捕获的磁信号进行检测,并对磁信号检测结果进行统计学分析和评价。结果:建立了HBsAg纳米磁性免疫层析试纸条,最低限度检测为0.1 ng/mL的HBsAg抗原,检测灵敏度达到了同类产品ELISA分析法的标准,且检测时间控制在5 min内;经检测临床血清标本证实,该方法可根据磁信号定量检测乙肝患者血清中HBsAg的浓度。结论:HBsAg纳米磁性免疫层析方法具有简单快速、灵敏度高的特点,可应用于临床血清样本中HBsAg的检测;该方法为体内极微量抗原抗体的快速检测建立了新模式。     

细胞骨架蛋白4荧光免疫层析检测方法的建立

采用基于免疫层析技术与荧光微球标记技术相结合的方式,建立一种快速、简单的定量检测肝癌肿瘤标记物的方法。依据双抗体夹心原理,将细胞骨架蛋白4(CKAP4)配对抗体分别作为标记与包被抗体,羊抗兔多抗作为质控线包被抗体,制备CKAP4荧光免疫层析试纸条,并对试纸条的线性、精密性、稳定性等各项性能指标进行评价。结果表明,采用时间分辨荧光微球所制备的CKAP4免疫层析试纸条灵敏度高,特异性好,精密性在15%以内,回收率在85%–115%之间,线性范围为25–1 000 pg/mL,可在37℃稳定保存20 d,与商业化的ELISA试剂盒的相关性良好。结论:初步建立了CKAP4荧光免疫层析方法,能够定量检测血清中CKAP4的含量,且具有快速、灵敏、简便、经济、可单人份操作等优点,有望成为肝癌辅助诊疗的新方法。     

CA19-9时间分辨荧光免疫层析检测方法的建立

本研究旨在建立一种定量检测血清中CA19-9含量的时间分辨荧光免疫层析检测方法。采用双抗体夹心法与荧光免疫层析技术,以羧基荧光微球和NC膜为载体将CA19-9配对抗体进行标记和包被,制备CA19-9检测试纸条。通过标记、包被抗体量对工艺进行优化,并通过线性范围、最低检出限、精密性等性能指标对CA19-9时间分辨荧光层析检测方法进行评价。最终确定20μL荧光微球的标记抗体量为80μg,检测线包被抗体浓度为1.5 mg/mL时,检测时间为15 min,线性范围为12.5–800 U/mL,最低检出限为6.32 U/mL,批内精密性与批间精密性均小于15%,平均回收率为101%,与罗氏电化学发光检测试剂盒平行检测50份临床样本,两者相关系数为0.980 6。初步建立了定量检测血清中CA19-9的荧光免疫层析检测方法,有较好的临床应用前景。     

纳米磁性颗粒标记的免疫层析法定量检测人绒毛膜促性腺激素

目的:应用纳米磁性颗粒标记的免疫层析法研制用于早孕检测的快速定量层析试纸条。方法:应用EDC/NHS法标记纳米磁珠、Biodot喷膜仪喷点NC膜、双抗体加心法建立免疫层析试纸条、对磁信号进行检测并与ELISA实验做对比,并对结果进行评价。结果:建立了HCG纳米磁性免疫层析试纸条,检测到底线为1miu/ml的HCG抗原,检测灵敏度达到了同类产品ELISA分析法的标准;用此方法与商品化免疫胶体金试纸条对临床样本进行检测,检测符合率达99%,与ELISA法比较符合率达100%,且检测时间控制在5min以内。结论:该方法简单快速,灵敏度高,不仅可以应用于HCG的检测,同时为体内极微量抗原抗体的快速检测建立了新模式。     

流式微球一步法快速免疫检测马铃薯A病毒

[目的]建立流式微球一步法快速免疫检测马铃薯A病毒(PVA)的新方法.[方法]以荧光微球为反应载体,通过在微球表面进行双抗夹心免疫反应形成微球-捕获抗体-PVA-标记FITC检测抗体的复合物,利用流式细胞仪荧光检测系统收集荧光信号.[结果]通过实验优化检测条件,最佳捕获抗体工作浓度为4μg/mL、最佳检测抗体工作浓度为1:25倍稀释、最佳反应时间为2h;与马铃薯Y病毒、莴苣花叶病毒、番茄环斑病毒等均未出现交叉反应;阳性样品经64倍稀释后依然可检出,检测灵敏度是传统微孔板ELISA的4倍.[结论]流式微球一步法能灵敏、快速、简便的检测马铃薯A病毒.     

双抗体夹心ELISA定量检测IFNβ-HSA融合蛋白方法的建立

为了建立β干扰素与人血清白蛋白融合蛋白(IFNβ-HSA)的酶联免疫定量分析方法,以抗IFNβ单克隆抗体为包被抗体,IFNβ-HSA融合蛋白为夹心抗原,辣根过氧化酶(HRP)标记抗HSA单克隆抗体为检测抗体,建立了一种定量测定IFNβ-HSA融合蛋白的双抗体夹心ELISA方法.并进行了检测限、精密度、准确度和稳定性等方法学考核.结果表明,包被抗体和检测抗体的最佳工作浓度均为2μg/ml,抗原浓度在51.88-3320 ng/ml范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数R2>0.99.检测限为10ng/m1.经方法学考核,批内、批间变异系数分别为4.86%和8.08%,回收率为91.9%～110.4%,与IFN-B、IFN-α、HSA、IFNα2b-HSA基本无交叉反应.健全性分析表明发酵液稀释倍数对该方法无影响,8 d连续检测标准曲线表明稳定性良好.这种定量检测IFNβ-HSA融合蛋白的双抗体夹心ELISA方法,灵敏度高,重复性好,为当前融合蛋白发酵优化、分离纯化研究提供了定量检测的方法,并为后期药代动力学、临床研究提供了思路和备选方法.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.