2型糖尿病继发Fournier坏疽的诊断及治疗

目的:总结2型糖尿病、糖尿病酮症酸中毒继发Foumier坏疽的诊断及治疗经验.方法:回顾性分析2型糖尿病、糖尿病酮症酸中毒继发Foumier坏疽患者的主要症状及诊治情况,结合文献对该病的临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后进行讨论.结果:患者经控制血糖、外科清创、抗感染等综合治疗后痊愈.结论:早期诊断,良好控制血糖,纠正酸中毒,彻底清创,联合应用抗生素治疗等全身综合治疗,是治愈本病的关键.     

2型糖尿病继发Foumier坏疽的诊断及治疗

目的：总结2型糖尿病、糖尿病酮症酸中毒继发Foumier坏疽的诊断及治疗经验。方法：回顾性分析2型糖尿病、糖尿病酮症酸中毒继发Foumier坏疽患者的主要症状及诊治情况,结合文献对该病的临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后进行讨论。结果：患者经控制血糖、外科清创、抗感染等综合治疗后痊愈。结论：早期诊断,良好控制血糖,纠正酸中毒,彻底清创,联合应用抗生素治疗等全身综合治疗,是治愈本病的关键。     

糖尿病酮症酸中毒21例救治探讨

目的:探讨糖尿病酮症酸中毒(diabetic ketoacidosis,DKA)抢救过程中的经验和体会.方法:对21例DKA患者的临床资料进行分析,21例酮症酸中毒患者经积极抢救治疗,在补液、祛除诱因及纠正电解质紊乱、酸碱平衡等治疗的基础上均给予小剂量普通胰岛素静脉滴注;治疗时小心处理液体和电解质的紊乱,严密监护有关并发症的临床和生化参数,包括低血钾,低血糖、脑水肿等,及时调整胰岛素的静脉输入量.随着酸中毒的的改善病情稳定后,胰岛素的静脉输入改为三餐前皮下注射,控制血糖浓度在8.3～13.9 mmol·L-1.结果:经综合治疗后,21例患者各项指标在3天内恢复至正常范围,治疗取得了良好的效果.结论:DKA的救治是个综合的过程,适时、合理的补液和使用胰岛素、抗感染、纠正酸中毒及电解质平衡紊乱对提高DKA的救治成功率具有重要的临床意义.     

血必净注射液联合静脉胰岛素泵入治疗糖尿病酮症酸中毒的效果及对氧化应激反应的影响

目的:探讨血必净注射液联合静脉胰岛素泵入治疗糖尿病酮症酸中毒的效果及对氧化应激反应的影响。方法:选择2016年8月至2018年8月我院收治的糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者80例,根据随机数表法分为观察组(n=41)和对照组(n=39)。对照组给予胰岛素泵治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上采用血必净注射液治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后血糖(PBG)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(TAC)水平的变化及临床症状改善时间。结果:治疗后,两组单核细胞趋化蛋白水平均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组MDA低于对照组,SOD、TAC水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组血糖达标、尿酮体转阴、PH恢复时间及胰岛素用量均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:血必净注射液联合胰岛素泵治疗糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者的效果显著明显优于单用血必净治疗,可能与其有效提高机体的抗氧化能力有关。     

多元化教育对老年2 型糖尿病合并抑郁患者的影响

目的:探讨多元化教育对老年2型糖尿病合并抑郁患者的影响。方法:根据Zung氏抑郁自评量表(SDS),入选100名老年2型糖尿病合并抑郁患者,匹配一般资料后随机分为常规组及多元化组,对常规组进行多媒体讲课,对多元化组除了多媒体讲课,还进行户外活动、有奖竞赛、个体化辅导等多形式教育,均为期3月,对比治疗前后血糖的控制及抑郁状态的改善情况。结果:治疗后2组的血糖控制及抑郁状态均有改善,但多元化组较常规组效果更好,且多元化组在治疗后抑郁严重度也有改善(P<0.05)。结论:在老年2型糖尿病合并抑郁患者中,多元化教育更有利于血糖的控制及抑郁状态的改善。     

糖尿病合并肺结核的临床分析

目的对糖尿病合并肺结核的临床特点及控制血糖的策略进行探究。方法选取2012年2月~2013年2月我院收治的60例糖尿病合并肺结核患者作为本次研究的对象,在对患者临床特点进行观察分析的基础上,采取有效的控制血糖的方法,进一步对血糖的控制情况进行分析。结果 60例糖尿病合并肺结核患者,血糖控制显效者20例、有效者32例、无效者8例,血糖控制总有效率为86.67%。血糖水平较好地控制能够对肺结核临床症状的改善起到一定程度上的作用。结论对于糖尿病合并肺结核患者,治疗的关键是对患者血糖水平进行有效控制;进一步采取及时有效的抗结核方法治疗,以此为肺结核临床治愈率的提升提供保障依据。     

糖尿病患者外科手术麻醉的临床研究与探讨

目的:研究与探讨糖尿病患者外科手术麻醉的安全性和有效性。方法:糖尿病外科手术患者262例。其中急性胆囊炎64例,胃穿孔52例,化脓性阑尾炎71例,阑尾穿孔弥漫性腹膜炎各63例,外伤性脾破裂12例。采用硬膜外麻醉146例,全身麻醉116例。结果:所有患者均手术顺利,麻醉平稳,麻醉手术过程中血糖水平较术前均有不同程度升高,按升高的血糖量适当增加胰岛素用量,血糖控制在10-12mmol/L,尿酮体(-),无糖尿病酮症酸中毒、高渗性非酮症性高血糖昏迷及低糖症发生。术毕均及时清醒,拔管,血糖水平较平稳。结论:急诊糖尿病患者手术时采用硬膜外麻醉对血糖影响小于全麻。     

肺结核合并糖尿病54例临床分析

目的:探讨肺结核合并糖尿病的临床表现及其糖尿病控制对结核病治疗的影响.方法:回顾性分析我院收治的54例肺结核合并糖尿病患者的临床资料.结果:肺结核合并糖尿病以2型糖尿病为主,肺结核X线表现以大片渗出、干酪病变为主,痰菌阳性率高,合并症多为临床特点,血糖大多数控制在7.8mmol/L以下.结论:对肺结核合并糖尿病患者应进行早期正规抗结核治疗,并适当延长疗程,同时有效控制血糖是治疗结核合并糖尿病的关键.     

胰岛素泵治疗糖尿病酮症酸中毒14例疗效观察

应用胰岛素泵（CSII）对糖尿病进行强化治疗,是近年来国内外普遍认可的一种治疗方式。为了探讨这一新疗法的效果,我们应用CSII治疗糖尿病酮症酸中毒病人。通过设置胰岛素泵基础量持续注射和餐前大剂量,模拟人体胰岛素的生理分泌,达到有效控制血糖的目的。现报告如下。     

糖尿病急性并发症合并横纹肌溶解患者临床特征及预后

目的:分析糖尿病急性并发症患者合并横纹肌溶解的临床特征及预后,为临床及时诊断和治疗提供依据。方法:对我院2003年1月～2009年5月住院患者查阅病例资料,糖尿病酮症酸中毒及高血糖高渗状态患者根据肌酸激酶升高与否,分为血清肌酸激酶升高组(A组)和血清肌酸激酶正常组(B组),比较两组临床特征及预后。结果:A、B两组比较,A组较B组血清尿素氮、肌酐、肌红蛋白明显升高,住院时间明显延长,但出院时A组较B组每天每公斤胰岛素剂量减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组中3例患者血清肌酸激酶大于1000U/L,符合横纹肌溶解综合征诊断标准。结论:糖尿病酮酸中毒及高血糖高渗状态患者应重视肌酶检查,早期诊断横纹肌溶解综合征,保护肾脏和胰岛β细胞功能,缩短住院时间。     

Rapid pacing-induced preconditioning is recaptured by farnesol treatment in hearts of cholesterol-fed rats: Role of polyprenyl derivatives and nitric oxide

Sodium selenate, administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), resulted in an improvement in glucose tolerance in treated diabetic rats. Fed rat plasma glucose levels were reduced by selenate treatment in streptozotocin diabetic rats. The lowest values of blood glucose were reached within 3 weeks of beginning the treatment. Food and fluid consumption was reduced in treated compared to untreated diabetic rats. Diabetic treated rats did not release insulin in response to a glucose challenge and insulin release in response to a challenge was markedly reduced in control treated rats. Assessment of heart function using a working heart apparatus showed that treated diabetic rats with improved blood glucose levels had normal heart function at 8 weeks of diabetes in contrast to hearts from non-treated diabetics. This study extends previous observations on the in vivo insulin-like effects of sodium selenate.     

Hypothermia: a complication of diabetic ketoacidosis.

During 1969-77, 20 episodes of severe hypothermia occurred in 19 diabetic patients in Nottingham. Thirteen were associated with ketotic hyperosmolar coma, two with lactic acidosis, and one with hypoglycaemia, while in four there was no loss of diabetic control. Ketoacidosis accounted for 11.8% of all admissions for severe accidental hypothermia and was a commoner cause than hypothyroidism (8%). Patients with ketoacidosis were younger and developed hypothermia as often during the summer as during the winter. The metabolic disturbance was characteristic, with severe acidosis (mean pH 7.04), a high blood glucose concentration (mean 56.6 mmol/l; 1020 mg/100 ml), and high plasma osmolality (mean 379.7 mmol (mosmol)/kg). Eight of the 13 episodes proved fatal. Hypothermia may aggravate ketoacidosis and complicate treatment and should be sought in all patients with severe diabetic coma.     

A Novel Glycated Hemoglobin A1c-Lowering Traditional Chinese Medicinal Formula,Identified by Translational Medicine Study

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that has a significant impact on the health care system. The reduction of glycated hemoglobin A1c is highly associated with the improvements of glycemic control and diabetic complications. In this study, we identified a traditional Chinese medicinal formula with a HbA1c-lowering potential from clinical evidences. By surveying 9,973 diabetic patients enrolled in Taiwan Diabetic Care Management Program, we found that Chu-Yeh-Shih-Kao-Tang (CYSKT) significantly reduced HbA1c values in diabetic patients. CYSKT reduced the levels of HbA1c and fasting blood glucose, and stimulated the blood glucose clearance in type 2 diabetic mice. CYSKT affected the expressions of genes associated with insulin signaling pathway, increased the amount of phosphorylated insulin receptor in cells and tissues, and stimulated the translocation of glucose transporter 4. Moreover, CYSKT affected the expressions of genes related to diabetic complications, improved the levels of renal function indexes, and increased the survival rate of diabetic mice. In conclusion, this was a translational medicine study that applied a “bedside-to-bench” approach to identify a novel HbA1c-lowering formula. Our findings suggested that oral administration of CYSKT affected insulin signaling pathway, decreased HbA1c and blood glucose levels, and consequently reduced mortality rate in type 2 diabetic mice.     

Nimbolide ameliorates the streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy in rats through the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common problem in the diabetic patients due to the high blood glucose level. DR affects more number of diabetic patients worldwide with irreversible vision loss.ObjectiveThe current investigation was focused to reveal the therapeutic actions of nimbolide against the streptozotocin (STZ)-provoked DR in rats through inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway.MethodologyDR was provoked to the rats through administering a single dose of STZ (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The DR rats were then supplemented with the 50 mg/kg of nimbolide for 60 days. The bodyweight and blood glucose level was measured using standard methods. The lipid profiles (cholesterol, TG, LDL, and HDL), inflammatory markers, and antioxidants level was detected using respective kits. The level of MCP-1, VEGF, and MMP-9 was quantified using kits. The morphometric analysis of retinal tissues were done. The mRNA expressions of target genes were studied using RT-PCR assay.ResultsNimbolide treatment effective decreased the food intake and blood glucose, and improved the bodyweight of STZ-provoked animals. The levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, cholesterol, TG, LDL, and HDL, MCP-1, VEGF, and MMP-9 was remarkably suppressed by the nimbolide treatment. Nimbolide also improved the antioxidants, retinal thickness and cell numbers. The TLR4/NF-κB pathway was appreciably inhibited by the nimbolide.ConclusionOverall, our findings demonstrated that the nimbolide attenuated the STZ-provoked DR in rats through inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.     

前列地尔联合尿激酶治疗糖尿病肾病尿蛋白的临床观察

目的:观察短期应用注前列地尔注射液、前列地尔注射液联合小剂量尿激酶对Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病患者尿蛋白的影响。方法:选取我院2005年1月～2009年12月的Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病住院患者548例,均采取强化控制血糖、血压,低蛋白饮食等基础治疗,分为前列地尔治疗组216例、前列地尔联合尿激酶治疗组332例,给予14天短期输液治疗,测定治疗前后24小时尿蛋白。结果:两组患者治疗前年龄、性别组成、糖尿病病程、血糖、血压、血脂、尿蛋白、肾功能等各项指标无显著差异。两组治疗前后各自比较,单独应用注前列地尔注射液、前列地尔注射液联合小剂量尿激酶,均可有效减少糖尿病肾病24小时尿蛋白排泄,但前列地尔注射液联合小剂量尿激酶改善尿蛋白排泄的效果较单独应用注前列地尔更显著(p<0.05),有效率更高(88.2%vs.75.4%,p<0.05);应用小剂量尿激酶未见眼底、皮肤、黏膜出血等不良反应,无凝血功能异常发生。结论:短期静脉应用前列地尔联合小剂量尿激酶治疗Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病,较单独使用前列地尔可更有效减少尿蛋白排泄,不增加眼底出血、皮肤出血、黏膜出血的风险,是一种降低糖尿病肾病尿蛋白水平的安全有效的治疗方法。     

甘露寡糖及壳聚糖对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠血糖血脂的影响

目的研究甘露寡糖和壳聚糖对四氧嘧啶致实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖、血脂的影响。方法随机选取70只健康小鼠,10只为正常对照组,其余由腹腔注射四氧嘧啶(150mg/kg),建立糖尿病模型,用快速血糖仪测血糖值,血糖值>11.1mmol/L的小鼠则为造模成功小鼠,将造模成功的小鼠随机分成5组,每组各12只。分别为模型对照组,高剂量、低剂量甘露寡糖处理组,高剂量、低剂量壳聚糖处理组。高低剂量分别以400mg/kg和200mg/kg糖溶液进行灌胃,空白组和模型组灌予等体积的生理盐水。12d后测定小鼠血清中血糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(CHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和甘油三酯(TG)的浓度。结果甘露寡糖和壳聚糖使糖尿病小鼠的血糖与模型对照组相比有显著的降低,CHO和TG的浓度也显著降低,HDL-C显著升高;且高剂量的甘露寡糖和壳聚糖的降血糖、血脂效果优于低剂量。     

Blood Glucose,HbA1c Level,and its Correlation with VEGF-A (+405G/C) Polymorphism as Biomarker Predicts the Risk of Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background:Diabetes-related vascular complications linked to increase in the expression of VEGF and its receptors. It helps to accelerate tissue damage inflicted by hyperglycemia, which is potential risk for diabetic complications. The study aimed to assess VEGF genetic polymorphism and its correlation with glucose and HbA1C level among Sudanese patients with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.Methods:A case-control study was conducted among a total of 252 subjects and divided into four groups of 63 subjects each. Glucose and HBA1c were measured then the VEGF gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The data were analyzed using SPSS.Results:The HBA1c, and blood glucose levels had significantly (P value≤0.00001) highest mean in the DR group, DN group followed by DM. There is a non-significant correlation between VEGF Genotypes and HbA1c, and blood glucose levels (P value≤0.102, 0.173) Patients with GC genotypes will be 74.6%, and 54% higher at risk to develop DR, and DN respectively and 40 % lower at risk to develop DM than those without GC genotype. While patients with CC genotypes will be 22.2% higher at risk of developing DM and 9.5%, 12.2% higher at risk of developing DR and DN respectively.DiscussionThe VEGF +405G/C gene polymorphism is linked to diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 Sudanese diabetics, and the presence of the GC genotypes and G allele is a significant predictor for retinopathy. There is no significant relation between HbA1C serum levels, blood glucose, and the VEGF +405G/C gene polymorphism.Key Words: Diabetic Nephropathy, Diabetic Retinopathy, Blood Glucose, HbA1c, Gene polymorphism, VEGF-A     

西格列汀对2 型糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿影响的研究

目的:研究西格列汀对2型糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿的影响,分析其可能机制和临床应用价值。方法:选取160例伴微量白蛋白尿的2型糖尿病患者,随机分为西格列汀组和其他药物组,各80例。比较两组患者治疗前和治疗3个月后血糖水平、尿微量白蛋白、超敏C反应蛋白及血浆还原型谷胱甘肽水平。结果:经3个月治疗,两组患者空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、Hb A1c均较治疗前下降,但差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05);西格列汀治疗组患者尿微量白蛋白和血浆Hs-CRP水平明显下降,血浆还原型谷胱甘肽水平明显升高,与其他口服药物治疗组相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:西格列汀可能通过改善机体炎症状态,降低氧化和应激水平等机制降低2型糖尿病患者的尿微量白蛋白水平。     

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in hospital patients with Type 2 diabetes in Korea

Diabet. Med. 29, e290-e296 (2012) ABSTRACT: Aims Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and clinical characteristics of this neuropathy in patients with Type?2 diabetic mellitus treated at hospitals in Korea. Methods Questionnaires and medical records were used to collect data on 4000 patients with Type?2 diabetes from the diabetes clinics of 40 hospitals throughout Korea. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was diagnosed based on a review of medical records or using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument score and monofilament test. Results The prevalence of neuropathy was 33.5% (n?=?1338). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, female sex, diabetes duration, lower glycated haemoglobin, treatment with oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin, presence of retinopathy, history of cerebrovascular or peripheral arterial disease, presence of hypertension or dyslipidaemia, and history of foot ulcer were independently associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Of the patients with neuropathy, 69.8% were treated for the condition and only 12.6% were aware of their neuropathy. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in patients with Type?2 diabetes in Korea and those patients were far more likely to have complications or co-morbidities. The proper management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy deserves attention from clinicians to ensure better management of diabetes in Korea.