中药矮地茶不同洗脱部位抗病毒活性研究

采用细胞体外抗病毒实验CPE法结合CCK-8试剂盒,以TI值(治疗指数)为研究指标,研究矮地茶及其不同洗脱部位对呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1)、柯萨奇病毒(COX-B5)和手足口病毒(EV71)的抑制作用。结果表明矮地茶对RSV、HSV-1、COX-B5有显著杀灭作用。70%乙醇部位对COX-B5直接杀灭效果较好,TI值为16.709,较阳性对照药利巴韦林(TI值为17.482)作用效果相差不大。说明矮地茶提取物具有抗RSV、HSV-1、COX-B5的活性。     

怀山药醇提取物抗DPPH自由基活性研究

将怀山药乙醇提取物采用溶剂萃取的方法,分成极性不同的五个部分,并首次用DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)方法测定各部分的抗自由基活性,发现乙酸乙酯萃取部分活性最强,氯仿萃取部分次之,再其次是正丁醇和水溶性部分。乙酸乙酯和氯仿萃取部分较强的抗自由基活性主要归因于其中所含的多酚类成分。同时利用薄层层析(TLC)、紫外光谱(UV)、^13C核磁共振(NMR)技术及显色反应对酚性成分进行了定性检验,并用Folin-Denis法测定了各萃取部位中酚性成分含量,发现抗自由基活性与萃取物中多酚性成分含量有一定的相关性。因而在评价怀山药质量时,其中所含的酚性成分不应忽视。     

细叶卷柏提取物的体外抗肿瘤活性

利用MTT法检测细叶卷柏乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物对HeLa细胞生长的抑制作用,利用流式细胞术(FCM)比较不同提取物对细胞凋亡的影响。结果显示:细叶卷柏的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位抑制细胞生长和诱导细胞凋亡作用均有明显的剂量依赖性。乙酸乙酯部位的IC50值为1.927μg/mL,正丁醇部位的IC50值为24.600μg/mL。因此,细叶卷柏乙酸乙酯部位的体外抗肿瘤活性相对较强,其次是其正丁醇部位,水提部位相对较弱。细叶卷柏是一种潜在的抗肿瘤药用植物。     

茶蜂花粉抗氧化活性与成分

本实验研究了茶蜂花粉的抗氧化活性和功效成分。茶蜂花粉85%乙醇回流提取,经过石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇依次萃取,得到石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物以及萃余物4个部分,用D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠模型检测茶蜂花粉不同组分的抗氧化活性,采用多种色谱方法分离具有抗氧化活性的成分,利用核磁共振方法鉴定各单体的化学结构。结果表明:茶蜂花粉乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物具有明显的抗氧化作用,乙酸乙酯萃取物经MCI柱层析,得到30%、50%、70%三个乙醇洗脱组分,其中30%乙醇洗脱组分具有显著抗氧化活性,从该洗脱部分得到三个单体化合物,经鉴定为:槲皮素、山奈素-3-O-芸香糖苷、山奈酚-3-O-(2″,3″,4″-O-三对羟基桂皮酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,推测茶蜂花粉具有抗氧化活性的成分主要为黄酮类化合物。     

婆婆纳抗黑色素瘤物质基础的初步研究

为明确婆婆纳（Veronica didyma）抗黑色素瘤活性部位及物质基础，该研究采用CCK8法评价了婆婆纳乙醇提取物4个萃取部位（石油醚层、乙酸乙酯层、正丁醇层、水层）乙醇提取物及单体化合物对黑色素瘤细胞株（B16和A375）细胞的增殖抑制作用，并使用植物化学方法和技术对活性部位的化学成分进行系统分离纯化。结果表明：（1）乙酸乙酯萃取部位（ethyl acetate extract,PPNE）较其他样品有更好抑制B16细胞和A375细胞增殖的作用，其半抑制浓度（IC50）值分别为0.177 mg·mL-1(B16)、2.826 mg·mL-1(A375)。（2）从活性部位PPNE中得到7个单体化合物，即对羟基苯甲醛（1）、胡黄连苷II(2)、isoscutellarein 7-O-(6?-oacetyl)-β-allopyranosyl (1?→2″)-β-glucopyranoside(3)、3′-hydroxyl-4′-O-methylisoscutellarein 7-O-[6?-O-acetyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranos...     

细雀梅藤的黄酮类成分及其初步活性筛选

从鼠李科雀梅藤属植物细雀梅藤(Sageretia gracilis)根茎中分离得到9个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定了它们的结构。除十八烷酸、三十羧酸甲酯和胡萝卜苷外还有6个黄酮类成分,其结构分别鉴定为：maesopsin(1),maesopsin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),5,7,4′-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇（3）,5,7,4′-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷(4),5,7,4′-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(5),5,7,4′-三羟基-黄酮醇(6),其中化合物4为一新化合物。分别对其乙醇提取物、水提取物、石油醚萃取部位、乙酸乙酯萃取部位、正丁醇萃取部位和化合物1、5、6进行了抗细菌、抗真菌、抗肿瘤、抗骨质疏松和溶血栓等、6个模型的活性筛选,结果表明正丁醇萃取部位具有一定的抗细菌活性,其IC50为74．9μg／ml,水提取物具有一定的抗真菌活性,其IC50为13．8μg／ml。     

藏药熏倒牛提取物的抑菌杀虫活性研究北大核心CSCD

为了探讨藏药熏倒牛乙醇提取物不同极性溶剂萃取部位的抑菌杀虫活性,将熏倒牛乙醇提取物依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,所得各萃取部位及水余液部位通过抑菌圈法测定抑菌活性部位,对活性部位采用二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度,采用改良任氏法测定杀灭滴虫活性部位及最低有效杀虫浓度。结果表明熏倒牛乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和阴沟肠杆菌有强抑制作用,最低抑菌浓度为0.125 mg/m L,对变形杆菌、粪肠球菌和白色念珠菌的抑制作用也比较强,最低抑菌浓度为0.25 mg/m L。石油醚部位和乙酸乙酯部位对阴道滴虫有明显抑制作用,最低有效杀虫浓度分别为0.5、0.25 mg/m L。说明熏倒牛乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位有较强的抑菌杀虫作用,是熏倒牛的抑菌杀虫活性部位。     

水线草提取物的体外抗结肠癌作用及其机理初探

分别用水、石油醚、正丁醇和乙酸乙酯萃取水线草乙醇提取物得五个组分。MTT检测法、Wright染色法及TUNEL染色法初步研究各萃取部位对人结肠癌细胞株HCT-8、RKO的体外抑制作用。其中石油醚萃取部位及沉淀部位在浓度低至31．3μg／mL时对两种人结肠癌细胞株均有一定程度的杀伤作用。水线草中具有抗结肠癌活性的化学物质的分子结构及作用机理值得进一步深入研究。     

脱油油樟叶提取物的体外抑菌活性研究

探讨了油樟叶提取挥发油后的残渣的乙醇浸膏和乙醇浸膏的石油醚萃取相、乙酸乙酯萃取相、正丁醇萃取相和水萃取相对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌等三种常见致病菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)以及抑菌曲线.结果显示,各提取物对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性为正丁醇萃取相(MIC、MBC:7.813、15.625 mg/...     

藏药熏倒牛提取物的抑菌杀虫活性研究

为了探讨藏药熏倒牛乙醇提取物不同极性溶剂萃取部位的抑菌杀虫活性,将熏倒牛乙醇提取物依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,所得各萃取部位及水余液部位通过抑菌圈法测定抑菌活性部位,对活性部位采用二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度,采用改良任氏法测定杀灭滴虫活性部位及最低有效杀虫浓度。结果表明熏倒牛乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和阴沟肠杆菌有强抑制作用,最低抑菌浓度为0.125 mg/m L,对变形杆菌、粪肠球菌和白色念珠菌的抑制作用也比较强,最低抑菌浓度为0.25 mg/m L。石油醚部位和乙酸乙酯部位对阴道滴虫有明显抑制作用,最低有效杀虫浓度分别为0.5、0.25 mg/m L。说明熏倒牛乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位有较强的抑菌杀虫作用,是熏倒牛的抑菌杀虫活性部位。     

Targeted therapy of respiratory syncytial virus by 2-5A antisense

Respiratory syncytial virus is a leading cause of respiratory disease in infants, young children, immunocompromized patients, and the elderly. Previous work has shown that RNase L, an antiviral enzyme of the interferon system, can be recruited to cleave RSVgenomic RNA by attaching tetrameric 2' 5'-linked oligoadenylates (2 5A) to an antisense oligonucleotide complementary to repetitive intergenic sequences within the RSV genome (2 5A antisense). RBI034, a 2'-O-methyl RNA-modified analogue of the 2 5A anti-RSV compound, was found to have enhanced antiviral activity in cell culture studies while also cleaving RSV genomic RNA in an RNase L- and sequence-specific manner. RBI034s efficacy in suppressing RSV replication in cell culture is 50 to 100 times better than ribavirin, the only approved drug for RSV infection. Here we show that the activity of 2 SA antisense compound can be further enhanced by a combination treatment with interferon or ribavirin. The anti-RSV activity resulting from combination treatment is more potent than either treatment alone. We also demonstrate that RBI034 is effective against RSV in three different species: mice, cotton rats, and African green monkeys.     

TARGETED THERAPY OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS BY 2-5A ANTISENSE

Respiratory syncytial virus is a leading cause of respiratory disease in infants, young children, immunocompromized patients, and the elderly. Previous work has shown that RNase L, an antiviral enzyme of the interferon system, can be recruited to cleave RSV genomic RNA by attaching tetrameric 2′-5′-linked oligoadenylates (2 5A) to an antisense oligonucleotide complementary to repetitive intergenic sequences within the RSV genome (2 5A antisense). RBI034, a 2′-O-methyl RNA-modified analogue of the 2 5A anti-RSV compound, was found to have enhanced antiviral activity in cell culture studies while also cleaving RSV genomic RNA in an RNase L· and sequence-specific manner. RBI034′s efficacy in suppressing RSV replication in cell culture is 50 to 100 times better than ribavirin, the only approved drug for RSV infection. Here we show that the activity of 2 5A antisense compound can be further enhanced by a combination treatment with interferon or ribavirin. The anti-RSV activity resulting from combination treatment is more potent than either treatment alone. We also demonstrate that RBI034 is effective against RSV in three different species: mice, cotton rats, and African green monkeys.     

奥司他韦、利巴韦林和盐酸金刚乙胺对甲型H1N1流感病毒的抑制作用

目的细胞水平测试奥司他韦、利巴韦林和盐酸金刚乙胺对甲型流感H1N1病毒的抑制或杀伤作用。方法通过在MDCK细胞系和甲型H1N1病毒株间建立药物剂量-效应关系确定导致细胞死亡的效力与抑制病毒复制的效力的比值（治疗指数）,测试药物的抗病毒效果。结果奥司他韦、利巴韦林和盐酸金刚乙胺对MDCK细胞的半数中毒浓度分别为（1134.7±186.8）μg/mL、（742.0±76.9）μg/mL、（94.6±1.9）μg/mL,对甲型H1N1病毒的治疗指数（TI）分别为71.19、24.9和3.12。结论奥司他韦对甲型H1N1病毒抑制作用最强,利巴韦林其次,盐酸金刚乙胺对甲型H1N1病毒抑制效果较弱。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coptidis Rhizoma</Emphasis> extract inhibits replication of respiratory syncytial virus <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis> by inducing antiviral state

Coptidis Rhizoma is derived from the dried rhizome of Ranunculaceous plants and is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Although Coptidis Rhizoma is commonly used for its many therapeutic effects, antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has not been reported in detail. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activities of Coptidis Rhizoma extract (CRE) against RSV in human respiratory tract cell line (HEp2) and BALB/c mice. An effective dose of CRE significantly reduces the replication of RSV in HEp2 cells and reduces the RSV-induced cell death. This antiviral activity against RSV was through the induction of type I interferon-related signaling and the antiviral state in HEp2 cells. More importantly, oral administration of CRE exhibited prophylactic effects in BALB/c mice against RSV. In HPLC analysis, we found the presence of several compounds in the aqueous fraction and among them; we confirmed that palmatine was related to the antiviral properties and immunemodulation effect. Taken together, an extract of Coptidis Rhizoma and its components play roles as immunomodulators and could be a potential source as promising natural antivirals that can confer protection to RSV. These outcomes should encourage further allied studies in other natural products.     

Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb flowers growing in Tunisia

Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of flower extracts of Retama raetam Forssk. Webb (Fabaceae) were screened both from standard and isolated Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by solid medium technique. Oxacillin, Amoxicillin, Ticarcillin, Cefotaxim, and Amphotericin were used as the control agents. The antiviral activity was evaluated against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain AD-169 (ATCC Ref. VR 538) and coxsackie B virus type 3 (CoxB-3) using a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using two tests: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging and the ammonium thiocyanate methods. All extracts were characterized quantitatively for the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. Of the extracts tested, butanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed important antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but only moderate antifungal activity. Methanol extract exhibited moderate antiviral activity against HCMV with IC₅₀ of 250 μg/ml. Ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanol fractions were found to cause significant free-radical-scavenging effects in both assays. These results may suggest that R. raetam flowers could be used as a natural preservative ingredient in the food and/or pharmaceutical industries.     

Ribavirin can be mutagenic for arenaviruses

Arenaviruses include several important human pathogens, and there are very limited options of preventive or therapeutic interventions to combat these viruses. An off-label use of the purine nucleoside analogue ribavirin (1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-1-H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is the only antiviral treatment currently available for arenavirus infections. However, the ribavirin antiviral mechanism action against arenaviruses remains unknown. Here we document that ribavirin is mutagenic for the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in cell culture. The mutagenic activity of ribavirin on LCMV was observed under single- and multiple-passage regimes and could not be accounted for by a decrease of the intracellular GTP pool promoted by ribavirin-mediated inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Our findings suggest that the antiviral activity of ribavirin on arenaviruses might be exerted, at least partially, by lethal mutagenesis. Implications for antiarenavirus therapy are discussed.     

Role of human beta-defensin-2 during tumor necrosis factor-alpha/NF-kappaB-mediated innate antiviral response against human respiratory syncytial virus

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) constitutes a highly pathogenic virus that infects lung epithelial cells to cause a wide spectrum of respiratory diseases. Our recent studies have revealed the existence of an interferon-alpha/beta-independent, innate antiviral response against RSV that was dependent on activation of NF-kappaB. We demonstrated that NF-kappaB inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) confers potent antiviral function against RSV in an NF-kappaB-dependent fashion, independent of interferon-alpha/beta. During our efforts to study this pathway, we identified HBD2 (human beta-defensin-2), a soluble secreted cationic protein as an antiviral factor induced during NF-kappaB-dependent innate antiviral activity in human lung epithelial cells. Our results demonstrated that HBD2 is induced by TNF and RSV in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner. Induction of HBD2 in infected cells was mediated by the paracrine/autocrine action of TNF produced upon RSV infection. HBD2 plays a critical role during host defense, because purified HBD2 drastically inhibited RSV infection. We also show that the antiviral mechanism of HBD2 involves blocking of viral cellular entry possibly because of destabilization/disintegration of the viral envelope. The important role of HBD2 in the innate response was also evident from loss of antiviral activity of TNF upon HBD2 silencing by short interfering RNA. The in vivo physiological relevance of HBD2 in host defense was apparent from induction of murine beta-defensin-4 (murine counterpart of HBD2) in lung tissues of RSV-infected mice. Thus, HBD2 functions as an antiviral molecule during NF-kappaB-dependent innate antiviral immunity mediated by the autocrine/paracrine action of TNF.     

Combination of N-methylisatin-β-thiosemicarbazone derivative (SCH16) with ribavirin and mycophenolic acid potentiates the antiviral activity of SCH16 against Japanese encephalitis virus in vitro

Aim: To investigate the drug to drug interaction of N-methylisatin-β-thiosemicarbazone (MIBT) derivative (SCH16) with ribavirin, mycophenolic acid and pentoxifylline against Japanese encephalitis virus in vitro. Our earlier studies have reported significant antiviral activity of these compounds against Japanese encephalitis virus in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results: An in vitro drug to drug combination analysis was carried out to investigate whether or not the direct antiviral effect shown by the individual MIBT derivative could be effectively increased when lower concentrations of two compounds in combination were used. The results of this study showed that the combination of MIBT derivative (SCH16) with ribavirin or mycophenolic acid significantly enhanced the antiviral activity of SCH16 against JEV in vitro. In contrast, the combination of SCH16 and pentoxifylline resulted in antagonism. Conclusion: The antiviral activity showed by SCH16 was enhanced in the presence of ribavirin and mycophenolic Acid. Significance and Impact of the Study: Studying the synergistic/additive interaction of the compounds in combination would help in lowering the effective concentration so as to overcome the concern of toxicity.