近红外光谱法快速测定女贞子中特女贞苷的含量北大核心CSCD

应用近红外漫反射光谱法快速测定女贞子中特女贞苷的含量。运用近红外光谱技术(NIRS)结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立不同产地女贞子中特女贞苷含量的定量校正模型。特女贞苷的定量校正模型内部交叉验证决定系数(R2)为0.98075,校正均方根偏差(RMSEC)为0.216,预测均方根偏差(RMSEP)为0.223,交互验证均方根偏差(RMSECV)为0.52276。该方法具有简便快速,准确无损,可用于女贞子中特女贞苷含量的快速测定。     

近红外光谱法快速测定女贞子中特女贞苷的含量

应用近红外漫反射光谱法快速测定女贞子中特女贞苷的含量。运用近红外光谱技术(NIRS)结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立不同产地女贞子中特女贞苷含量的定量校正模型。特女贞苷的定量校正模型内部交叉验证决定系数(R2)为0.98075,校正均方根偏差(RMSEC)为0.216,预测均方根偏差(RMSEP)为0.223,交互验证均方根偏差(RMSECV)为0.52276。该方法具有简便快速,准确无损,可用于女贞子中特女贞苷含量的快速测定。     

NIRS结合TQ软件快速测定山茱萸中莫诺苷的含量

应用近红外光谱法对山茱萸中莫诺苷的含量进行快速测定。利用高效液相色谱法测定山茱萸药材中莫诺苷的含量,采用偏最小二乘法建立其含量与近红外光谱之间的模型,并对未知样品进行含量测定。所建莫诺苷的定量模型的相关系数(R2)为0.9857,校正均方差(RMSEC)、内部交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)和预测均方差(RMSEP)分别为0.105、0.2738和0.234。结果表明该方法所测结果准确,且不需复杂的前处理、绿色、无损,适用大批量山茱萸中莫诺苷的快速测定。     

NIRS结合TQ软件快速测定山茱萸中莫诺苷的含量北大核心CSCD

应用近红外光谱法对山茱萸中莫诺苷的含量进行快速测定。利用高效液相色谱法测定山茱萸药材中莫诺苷的含量,采用偏最小二乘法建立其含量与近红外光谱之间的模型,并对未知样品进行含量测定。所建莫诺苷的定量模型的相关系数(R2)为0.9857,校正均方差(RMSEC)、内部交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)和预测均方差(RMSEP)分别为0.105、0.2738和0.234。结果表明该方法所测结果准确,且不需复杂的前处理、绿色、无损,适用大批量山茱萸中莫诺苷的快速测定。     

近红外光谱法快速测定白芍中芍药苷含量

本研究旨在应用近红外光谱法建立一种白芍药材中芍药苷含量的快速测定方法。利用HPLC测定样品中芍药苷含量,并以其作为参考值,运用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立芍药苷含量与近红外光谱之间的多元校正模型,对未知样品进行含量预测。结果表明,所建芍药苷定量分析模型的相关系数(R2)、内部交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)、校正均方差(RMSEC)分别为0.99395、0.33068、0.0563;经内部验证,模型的预测均方差(RMSEP)和平均回收率分别为0.0756和100.07%。该方法操作简便,无污染,结果准确可靠,可用于白芍中芍药苷含量的快速测定。     

应用近红外光谱预测水稻叶片氮含量

以水稻(Oryza sativa)新鲜叶片和干叶粉末两种状态的样品为研究对象, 基于近红外光谱(NIRS)技术, 应用偏最小二乘法(PLS)、主成分回归(PCR)和逐步多元回归(SMLR), 建立并评价了水稻叶片氮含量(NC)近红外光谱模型。结果表明, 基于PLS建立的模型表现最好, 鲜叶氮含量近红外光谱校正模型校正决定系数R_C²为0.940, 校正标准误差RMSEC为0.226; 干叶粉末氮含量的近红外光谱校正模型R_C²为0.977, RMSEC为0.136。模型的内部交叉验证分析表明, 预测鲜叶氮含量内部验证决定系数R_CV²为0.866, 内部验证标准误差RMSECV为0.243; 预测干叶粉末氮含量R_CV²为0.900, RMSECV为0.202。模型的外部验证分析表明, 预测水稻鲜叶氮含量的外部验证决定系数R_V²大于0.800, 外部验证标准误差RMSEP小于0.500, 预测干叶粉末氮含量的R_V²为0.944, RMSEP为0.142。说明, 近红外光谱分析技术与化学分析方法一致性较好, 且基于干叶粉末建立的近红外光谱预测模型的准确性和精确度较新鲜叶片高。     

基于HPLC和NIRS建立快速检测盾叶薯蓣中3种皂苷含量的方法

建立一种快速检测盾叶薯蓣中三角叶薯蓣皂苷、盾叶新苷和薯蓣皂苷含量的方法。本研究以全国8个产地的盾叶薯蓣药材为研究对象,首先,利用HPLC-ELSD建立同时测定盾叶薯蓣中三角叶薯蓣皂苷、盾叶新苷及薯蓣皂苷含量的方法,并对不同产地的盾叶薯蓣药材进行三种皂苷的含量测定;其次,扫描盾叶薯蓣药材样品的近红外光谱,分别将盾叶薯蓣药材校正集样品的三种皂苷含量作为参考值,结合其近红外光谱图,以内部交叉验证决定系数(R~2)、校正均方根偏差(RMSEC)、预测均方根偏差(RMSEP)及预测性能指数(PI)作为评价所建定量检测模型性能的指标,利用TQ8.0分析软件结合偏最小二乘法(PLS),通过光谱预处理方法筛选、建模波段及主成分数的确定分别建立盾叶薯蓣药材中三种皂苷含量的快速检测模型;最后,分别利用验证集样品对所建三种皂苷检测模型的预测准确性进行检验。盾叶薯蓣样品中三角叶薯蓣皂苷、盾叶新苷和薯蓣皂苷含量测定方法经考察符合定量分析的要求;盾叶薯蓣药材中三角叶薯蓣皂苷定量检测模型的R~2为0.981 17、RMSEC为0.086 3、RMSEP为0.063 8、PI为90.5;盾叶新苷定量检测模型的R~2为0.982 64、RMSEC为0.042 0、RMSEP为0.027 4、PI为91.1;薯蓣皂苷定量检测模型的R~2为0.943 64、RMSEC为0.009 90、RMSEP为0.005 41、PI为85.8;经统计学检验,三个模型对三种皂苷的预测值与实测值之间无显著性差异。该方法可以相对快速、准确测定盾叶薯蓣中三角叶薯蓣皂苷、盾叶新苷及薯蓣皂苷的含量,为盾叶薯蓣药材质量的快速评价提供依据。     

团花树中一个新的环烯醚萜苷（英文）

从茜草科团花属植物团花树（Neolamarckia cadamba）枝叶的甲醇提取物中分离得到两个环烯醚萜苷,其中一个为新的环烯醚萜苷,利用现代波谱学技术鉴定了其结构为Δ^13,14-plumieride,并命名为plumieride B.     

药用植物裂环烯醚萜苷类化合物生物合成途径关键酶基因研究进展

裂环烯醚萜苷类化合物是植物体内产生的具有保肝、消炎、降血糖血脂等多重生物活性的次级代谢产物,在临床上应用广泛。该文依据近年来国内外有关裂环烯醚萜苷类化合物生物合成途径及关键酶基因的挖掘与调控机理研究进展,主要对药用植物裂环烯醚萜苷类化合物生物合成途径、关键酶(GPPS、GES、G10H、8HGO、IS、IO、7DLGT、DL7H、LAMT、SLS)与编码基因的研究进展进行综述,为进一步阐明其生物合成途径机制与关键酶调控作用、提高有效活性成分积累、减缓药用植物野生资源紧张等问题提供参考。     

4种秦艽属植物不同器官中4种环烯醚萜苷成分含量的比较分析

利用HPLC法测定了秦艽(Gentiana macrophylla Pall.)、粗茎秦艽(G.crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.)、麻花秦艽(G.straminea Maxim.)和小秦艽(G.dahurica Fisch.)根、茎、叶和花中4种环烯醚萜苷成分(包括马钱苷酸、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷和獐牙菜苷)的含量,并对来源于不同产地秦艽和小秦艽不同器官4种环烯醚萜苷成分的含量进行了比较。结果显示:4种秦艽属植物不同器官4种环烯醚萜苷成分含量差异明显,来源于3个产地(陕西太白、甘肃西河乡和马狭)的秦艽和2个产地(青海互助和陕西麟游)的小秦艽不同器官中4种环烯醚萜苷含量也均具有明显差异。4种秦艽属植物根、茎、叶和花中龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量分别为质量分数5.996%～10.869%、0.310%～4.065%、0.235%～4.138%和0.545%～5.591%;根中獐牙菜苦苷和獐牙菜苷的质量分数分别为0.516%～0.953%和0.042%～0.210%,茎中分别为0.173%～0.383%和0.031%～1.700%,叶中分别为0.068%～0.684%和0.020%～3.208%,花中分别为0.460%～0.832%和0.138%～3.827%。粗茎秦艽各器官龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量均最高,小秦艽各器官龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量均最低,总体上,秦艽和粗茎秦艽中龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸总量高于小秦艽和麻花秦艽;小秦艽茎、叶和花中獐牙菜苷含量均最高,而秦艽茎和叶及粗茎秦艽花中獐牙菜苷含量均最低。4种秦艽属植物根部龙胆苦苷和马钱苷酸含量均明显高于茎、叶和花,獐牙菜苦苷在根和花中的积累较多,獐牙菜苷在花中的含量均相对最高。产自青海互助的小秦艽茎、叶和花中獐牙菜苷含量均最高,质量分数分别为2.884%、5.215%和7.321%。研究结果表明:4种环烯醚萜苷成分含量不但与植物种类和器官有关,而且与产地和采样时间也有关。     

基于近红外光谱技术的白茶可溶性糖总量快速测定研究

本文以积分球漫反射模块采集113份不同等级不同年份的白茶近红外光谱图并进行预处理分析,采用蒽酮比色法对来自不同厂家的白茶进行含量测定,运用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了白茶可溶性糖总量快速测定模型并对模型进行验证。试验结果表明所建立模型的相关系数(R)为0. 963,校正均方根差(RMSEC)为0. 363 9,验证均方根差(RMSEP)为0. 349,验证集平均相对误差为3. 11%。通过NIRS快速测定白茶总糖含量具有较高的可行性,该方法预测结果较好,能够准确、快速、无损的对白茶可溶性糖总量进行快速定量分析。     

Occurrence of iridoid glycosides in in vitro cultures and intact plants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scrophularia nodosa</Emphasis> L.

Shoot, root, and callus cultures of Scrophularia nodosa L. (Scrophulariaceae) were established and cultivated in vitro. Iridoid glycosides, such as harpagoside, aucubin, and catalpol were identified by LC-ESI-MS and their contents determined by HPLC. For comparison intact plants of S. nodosa were analysed. In shoot cultures slightly lower amounts of detectable iridoid glycosides (4.36% dry weight) were determined than in the field grown plants (4.88%). Concentration of harpagoside was highest in leaves of field plants (1.05%) and in flowers of in vitro plantlets (1.10%). For aucubin the highest amount was found in the leaves of in vitro plantlets (1.67%) whereas the levels of aucubin in the leaves of field plants were remarkably lower. Catalpol was produced as a trace compound in intact plants and shoot cultures. Callus and root cultures were apparently not able to synthesise iridoid glycosides.     

Direct and correlated responses to selection on iridoid glycosides in Plantago lanceolata L.

Plantago lanceolata L. (ribwort plantain) produces two costly terpenoid secondary plant compounds, the iridoid glycosides aucubin and catalpol. We performed an artificial selection experiment to investigate direct and correlated responses to selection on the constitutive level of iridoid glycosides in the leaves for four generations. Estimated realized heritabilities (±SE) were 0.23 ± 0.07 and 0.23 ± 0.04 for upward and downward selection, respectively. The response to upward selection was caused by selection for a developmental pattern characterized by the production of fewer leaves that on average contain more iridoids, and by selection for a development‐independent increase in the level of these compounds. Significant correlated responses were observed for plant growth form. Upward selection resulted in plants with larger sized, but fewer leaves, fewer side rosettes, and fewer spikes, corresponding to a previously distinguished ‘hayfield’ ecotype, whereas downward selection produced the opposite pattern, corresponding to a ‘pasture’ ecotype. This indicates that the level of iridoid glycosides is genetically correlated with morphological traits in P. lanceolata, and is part of the complex of genetically correlated traits underlying the two ecotypes. The genetic association between iridoid level and growth forms suggests that there may be constraints to the simultaneous evolution of resistance to generalist insects (by iridoid glycosides) and to larger grazers (by a high production rate of prostrate leaves and inflorescences) in open grazed habitats where the ‘pasture’ ecotype is found.     

近红外光谱分析法测定东北黑土有机碳和全氮含量

以我国东北黑土为研究对象,分析了2004-2005年采集的136个土壤样品在3699～12000 cm^-1范围的近红外光谱,利用偏最小二乘法建立了原始光谱吸光度与土壤有机碳、全氮和碳氮比之间的定量分析模型.结果表明：土壤有机碳和全氮的模型拟合效果良好,决定系数R²分别为0.92和0.91（P<0.001）,相对分析误差RPD分别为3.45和3.36,利用该模型对验证样本土壤有机碳和全氮的预测值与实测值之间的相关系数分别为0.94和0.93（P<0.001）,表明可以用近红外光谱分析法对黑土有机碳和全氮含量进行测定.但是利用近红外光谱分析法对土壤碳氮比的预测并不理想,虽然验证样本集黑土碳氮比模型预测值与实测值呈显著相关（r＝0.74,P<0.001）,但是校正模型的R²为0.61,RPD仅为1.61,建立的模型不能对黑土碳氮比做出合理的估测.     

Online monitoring of horseradish peroxidase structural changes by Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy

The development of online monitoring techniques is of great relevance for understanding the structural changes of proteins under different conditions in order to maximize their catalytic activity. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of the NIR (near-infrared spectroscopy) technique for the monitoring of alterations of secondary and tertiary structures of Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), an oxidoreductase that has several applications in the industrial environment, food industry and bioremediation. The NIR associated to the multivariate calibration, through the PLS (partial least square) method allowed the construction of a robust model for the prediction of the analysis. The values of the correlation coefficient (R²), root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) for secondary structure analysis using circular dichroism (CD) data as reference (actual values) were 0.9681, 0.647 (mdeg), 0.945 (mdeg), and 1.12 (mdeg), respectively. For tertiary structure analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy (FL) data were used as reference. R², RMSEC, RMSEP and RMSECV were, respectively 0.9999, 1.95 (a.u.), 2.09 (a.u.); and 2.19 (a.u.). NIR combined multivariate calibration showed promising results for sctructural changes monitoring of HRP.     

Validation of chemometric models for the determination of deoxynivalenol on maize by mid-infrared spectroscopy

Validation methods for chemometric models are presented, which are a necessity for the evaluation of model performance and prediction ability. Reference methods with known performance can be employed for comparison studies. Other validation methods include test set and cross validation, where some samples are set aside for testing purposes. The choice of the testing method mainly depends on the size of the original dataset. Test set validation is suitable for large datasets (>50), whereas cross validation is the best method for medium to small datasets (<50). In this study the K-nearest neighbour algorithm (KNN) was used as a reference method for the classification of contaminated and blank corn samples. A Partial least squares (PLS) regression model was evaluated using full cross validation. Mid-Infrared spectra were collected using the attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique and the fingerprint range (800–1800 cm⁻¹) of 21 maize samples that were contaminated with 300 – 2600 μg/kg deoxynivalenol (DON) was investigated. Separation efficiency after principal component analysis/cluster analysis (PCA/CA) classification was 100%. Cross validation of the PLS model revealed a correlation coefficient of r=0.9926 with a root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 95.01. Validation results gave an r=0.8111 and a root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 494.5 was calculated. No outliers were reported. Presented at the 25^th Mykotoxin Workshop in Giessen, Germany, May 19–21, 2003     

New tetraacetylated iridoid glycosides from Sambucus ebulus L. leaves

Two new minor “Valeriana type” iridoid glycosides (1) and (2) along with 3 known flavonol glycosides [quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (3), quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (4) and isorhamnetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (5)] were isolated from Sambucus ebulus L. leaves. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated by means of 1D- and 2D-NMR, and UPLC-TOF MS. Compound 2 is a rare representative of iridoid diglycosides, containing uncommon ribohexo-3-ulopyranosyl sugar moiety.     

Antioxidant efficacy of iridoid and phenylethanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Teucrium chamaedris in cell-free systems

Twelve glycosides, seven iridoids and five phenylethanoids, have been isolated from leaf and root methanolic extracts of Wall Germander (Teucrium chamaedrys), a Mediterranean species historically used as a medicinal plant. Among them, three iridoid and one phenylethanoid glycosides have been isolated and characterized for the first time. All of the structures have been elucidated on the basis of their spectral data, especially 1D and 2D NMR experiments.The antioxidative properties of pure metabolites, as well as of crude organic extracts of the plant, have been analyzed on the basis of their DPPH radical scavenging capability. The antioxidant capacity in cell-free systems of the isolated metabolites was carried out by measuring their capabilities to inhibit the synthesis of thiobarbituric acid reactive species in assay media using as oxidable substrates a vegetable fat and the pentose sugar 2-deoxyribose and to prevent oxidative damage of the hydrosoluble bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein. Phenylethanoid glycosides resulted efficacious DPPH radical, while iridoid glycosides prevent massively the 2-deoxyribose and BSA oxidations in assay media.     

银杏黄酮苷和萜类内酯含量的季节变化

以银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.)2年生实生苗和大树为试材,分析根、茎和叶中银杏黄酮苷及萜类内酯含量的季节变化规律。银杏叶中萜类内酯含量从春季起逐渐增加,至夏末秋初达最高值,随后逐渐减少;根和茎中萜类内酯含量的季节变化与叶中相类似,但在冬季休眠期维持较高含量,进入春季伴随叶的萌发生长降低到全年的最低点。银杏茎中萜类内酯含量最低,相当于叶含量的1／3和根含量的1／2。叶中白果内酯含量在总萜类内酯中所占比例较高,而在根和茎中所占比例则较低。随着树龄增加,银杏叶萜类内酯含量下降,这可能与萜类内酯合成能力下降有关。银杏黄酮苷含量在春季幼叶中最高,夏季和秋季相对较低且变化不明显;长枝叶中槲皮素较多,而短枝叶中山柰黄素较多。对不同季节和不同部位的不同成分含量的相关机理进行了讨论。     

Iridoid glycosides from Gmelina arborea

Three iridoid glycosides 6-O-(3'-O-benzoyl)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol (1a), 6-O-(3'-O-trans-cinnamoyl)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol (2a) and 6-O-(3'-O-cis-cinnamoyl)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol (3a) were isolated from aerial parts of Gmelina arborea and structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Additionally a known iridoid 6-O-(3', 4'-O-dibenzoyl)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol (4) was also isolated and identified.