三角褐指藻岩藻黄素-叶绿素蛋白复合体的分离纯化和功能研究

通过改进硅藻主要捕光天线(FCP)的分离和提取方法, 得到高纯度、高均一性的三角褐指藻FCP蛋白,并通过电泳、液相色谱、质谱和吸收荧光光谱学等手段研究三角褐指藻FCP的氨基酸序列、色素组成和捕光特点等, 初步预测三角褐指藻的结构和功能特点。结果表明三角褐指藻FCP含有198个氨基酸, 与高等植物LHCII的序列Identity约为24%。三维结构预测显示FCP具有与LHCII相似的三次跨膜螺旋框架结构, 但跨膜螺旋较短, 且无膜表面螺旋结构。FCP中主要结合了叶绿素a、叶绿素c、岩藻黄素, 不含叶绿素b, Chl. a/c为3.0。光谱学分析表明岩藻黄素可以在水下弱光环境中有效地捕获绿光, 并高效地传递至叶绿素。而岩藻黄素在400-500 nm区域吸收的光能, 向叶绿素传递效率较低, 预示着岩藻黄素在强光下也有一定的光保护功能。FCP中有4个叶绿素结合的保守氨基酸位点, 可能是其叶绿素结合位置, 但岩藻黄素的结合位置因其结构和结合位点的变化而无法预测。研究为进一步探索FCP的结构和功能特性奠定了基础。     

高产岩藻黄素的海洋硅藻筛选及光照条件优化

为提高岩藻黄素(Fucoxanthin)提取效率, 对16株海洋硅藻岩藻黄素的检测含量和实际含量进行了分析, 并以一株牟氏角刺藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)为对象, 研究了岩藻黄素与另外两种关键光合色素(即叶绿素a和β-胡萝卜素)的含量及其消长受光强和光质影响的特征。研究结果显示, 不同种或同种不同株的海洋硅藻, 在相同的培养条件、收获时期、提取方法下, 其提取率差异大, 可从不足1%到89.78%; 岩藻黄素的检出含量各异, 从0.03到5.02 mg/g。受不同光照强度[低: 50 μmol/(m2·s); 中: 100 μmol/(m2·s); 高: 200 μmol/(m2·s)和光质(红光、蓝光)]的影响, 岩藻黄素产量呈现不同特征。在低光照强度下, 单位细胞岩藻黄素的含量相对较高。在红光条件下, 岩藻黄素的产量高于蓝光。在相同光强条件下, 岩藻黄素含量随增殖周期变化; 在单色光质条件下, 几种光合色素均在生长平台期后期含量增加。岩藻黄素的含量变化与叶绿素a和β-胡萝卜素的含量及其消长关系密切。研究为筛选藻株、优化硅藻培养条件以累积岩藻黄素提供了参考。     

基于WGCNA发掘缺磷、红光和黄光处理下三角褐指藻岩藻黄素合成关键基因

加权基因共表达网络分析(weighted gene co-expression network analysis,WGCNA)是一种分析多个样本间基因表达模式的方法,可将表达模式相近的基因聚类并发掘与特定的性状或表型相关的关键基因。本研究采用转录组测序和WGCNA方法,分析了三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)在缺磷、红光和黄光等非生物胁迫下对岩藻黄素积累的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,岩藻黄素含量在缺磷和红光处理后显著提高(P<0.05),但是在黄光处理后显著降低(P<0.05)。利用转录组测序得到的10,392个基因构建加权基因共表达网络,为了确保无标度网络,选择β=18(R²>0.8)作为软阈值。通过对岩藻黄素含量进行关联分析,共鉴定了10个共表达模块,其中purple模块与岩藻黄素含量呈正相关(r=0.9,P=1E–200),并确定了9个关键基因,包括5个岩藻黄素合成通路上的基因(DXR、PSY、PDS1、ZEP2、VDL2)和4个转录因子基因(bHLH5、HOX2、CCHH13、HSF1b)。进一步利用qRT...     

不同干燥方法对蝇蛆蛋白粉营养价值的影响

采用化学分析和动物实验的方法对冷冻干燥、微波干燥和低温干燥的蝇蛆粉进行了营养评价。结果表明,3种干燥方法不影响蝇蛆粉的粗蛋白和灰分含量,但微波干燥蝇蛆粉的脂肪含量显著降低;氨基酸分析显示,冷冻干燥蝇蛆粉的氨基酸总含量>微波干燥的蝇蛆粉>低温干燥的蝇蛆粉,而3种方法干燥的蝇蛆粉EAA/TAA均等于或大于41%,说明干燥所得的蝇蛆粉均属优质蛋白。另外,与FAO/WHO参考模式值相比,冷冻干燥蝇蛆粉的必需和半必需氨基酸总量明显高于FAO/WHO参考模式值,微波干燥的蝇蛆粉与FAO/WHO参考模式值相当,而低温干燥的蝇蛆粉中必需与半必需氨基酸含量显著低于FAO/WHO参考模式值,说明微波干燥及低温干燥会破坏蝇蛆中的某些必需或半必需氨基酸。动物实验结果表明,冷冻干燥的蝇蛆粉在动物体内被吸收利用的程度最高,其次是酪蛋白,再次是低温干燥的蝇蛆粉,而微波干燥的蝇蛆粉被动物吸收利用的程度最低。     

青蒿不同组织采集时期和干燥方式对青蒿素含量影响研究

实验研究了不同采收时期、不同组织、不同干燥方式对青蒿中青蒿素含量的影响.结果表明,山西忻州7月初到8月中旬为青蒿生长盛期,这一段时间内阳光充足、空气湿度适宜,温度成为青蒿素累积的主要因素.最佳采收时期生长盛期至花期之前,在青篙植株及叶片中青蒿素含量均呈现茎、根、老叶、新叶依次递增的规律,晒干的样品青蒿素平均含量比烘干的样品含量高.     

不同干燥方式对青花椒精油品质的影响

不同的干燥方式对青花椒精油品质的影响有着较大的差异。本文采用自然干燥、热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥、冷冻—微波联合干燥等四种不同的干燥工艺对辛香料进行干燥处理。从含水率、精油含量、能耗和精油组分等方面对干燥方式进行比较评价,并通过GC-MS分析鉴定出青花椒精油的主要组分为烯类和醇类。由结果可知,联合干燥所用时间短,能耗少,所得精油含量最多,含水率低,品质也更好,因此联合干燥工艺更适合干燥青花椒。     

不同干燥方法对冬瓜片品质的影响

以冬瓜为试材,研究自然干燥、普通热风干燥和微波干燥 3 种不同干燥方法对冬瓜品质的影响,通过测定冬瓜片的复水性、维生素C和酸度等,探求冬瓜长久储藏的方法。结果表明,微波干燥法在以上各质量参数方面均为最优。     

基于GC-IMS比较不同干燥方式对柴达木枸杞中挥发性物质的影响CSCD

柴达木枸杞作为青藏高原特有的中药材之一,为探究不同干燥方式对柴达木枸杞品质以及挥发性成分的影响。本文采用自然阴干、热风烘干、真空冷冻干燥以及微波干燥的方式处理柴达木枸杞鲜果,通过气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用(GC-IMS)法分析枸杞鲜果和各类枸杞干果的挥发性成分的变化,构建挥发性成分的差异谱图,并进行主成分分析。从样品中共鉴别出了52种挥发性有机物质以及部分物质的单体和二聚体,包括醛类、烯醛类、酯类、酮类和醇类等。差异图和主成分分析图表明枸杞干燥后挥发性有机物发生了显著的变化,冷冻干燥后的枸杞中挥发性有机物质的种类和含量与枸杞鲜果较为相近,但与其他干燥方式干燥后的枸杞干果差异较大,而热风烘干和微波干燥后的枸杞干果中挥发性有机物种类非常相似。通过建立一种利用GC-IMS检测分析枸杞中挥发性成分的方法,结果表明与其他干燥方式相比,冷冻干燥法能够有效保留枸杞中的挥发性成分,使枸杞保持较高的品质,该研究结果为后续柴达木枸杞的质量评价和加工提供一定的参考依据。     

多指标评价干燥温度对党参药材质量的影响

目的：考察不同干燥温度对党参药材质量的影响,筛选最佳的干燥温度,为党参药材的干燥加工工艺研究以及党参药材质量控制提供理论依据。方法：采用鼓风干燥的方法,以外观性状质量、醇浸出物、党参多糖、党参炔苷和党参苷Ⅰ的含量为党参药材质量的评价指标,考察不同干燥温度（40℃、50℃、60℃和105℃）对新鲜采收的党参药材质量的影响。结果：不同鼓风干燥温度对党参的醇浸出物和党参多糖的含量无显著影响,但60℃和105℃干燥的党参中党参苷Ⅰ和党参炔苷的含量显著低于40℃和50℃,说明高温对于党参炔苷和党参苷I的含量影响较大。结论：综合考虑干燥时间、药材外观形状的影响,优选50℃为鲜党参热风干燥法的最佳干燥温度。     

热风干燥温度对荷叶离褶伞干燥特性及挥发性风味物质的影响

为探究不同热风干燥温度对荷叶离褶伞干燥特性及挥发性风味物质的影响.本研究比较了8种常见干燥动力学模型对荷叶离褶伞干燥过程拟合的适用性,采用GC-IMS技术,对不同干燥温度处理下荷叶离褶伞的挥发性风味物质进行测定.结果 表明:荷叶离褶伞热风干燥为典型的降速干燥,Midilli-Kucuk模型可以较好地描述其热风干燥过程(...     

Chemical Constituents from Sargassum fusiforme (Harv.) Setch.

Phytochemical investigation of Sargassum fusiforme (Harv.) Setch. led to the discovery of fifteen secondary metabolites, including three sterols, three monoterpenes, five nitrogenous compounds, two fatty acids, and two others. Among them, two compounds are new, while the other thirteen compounds were isolated from S. fusiforme for the first time. The structures of the two new compounds were identified by NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS data analyses, and the absolute configurations were established by comparing the calculated and experimental ECD spectroscopic data.     

Anti-Adhesive Properties of Calcium Alginate from Sargassum fusiforme against Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammation

Fine dust generated by particulate matter (PM) pollution is a serious ecological issue in industrialized countries and causes disorders of the respiratory system and skin in humans. In the previous study, Sargassum fusiforme was treated with citric acid to remove heavy metals. In this study, the transfer of PM-mediated inflammatory responses through the skin to macrophages was evaluated. Moreover, the anti-adhesive effects of calcium alginate isolated from S. fusiforme (SFCA) against PM-induced inflammation were investigated. The structures of processing and unprocessing SFCA were then analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), revealing minimal change after acid-processing. SFCA had protective effects both in PM-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages. In cellular environments, it was found that SFCA attenuated signal protein expressions such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, macrophages were added to the culture medium of PM-stimulated keratinocytes to induce inflammation. SFCA was observed to significantly inhibit inflammatory responses; additionally, SFCA showed an in vivo anti-adhesive effect in zebrafish embryos.     

Hypolipidemic Activity and Mechanism of Action of Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharides

Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (SFP) is a kind of biologically active macromolecule with biological functions. In this study, oxidative stress and high-fat HepG2 cell models were established to investigate its lipid-lowering activity and mechanism of action. It was found that SFP and its two isolated fractions had antioxidant effects on the cells. It was also found the polysaccharides decreased the content of total cholesterol and total triglyceride in the high-fat cells. RT-qPCR assays revealed that the three polysaccharides down-regulated the mRNA expression level of ACC, PPARγ, and SREBP-2. It could be concluded that the hypolipidemic effect of SFPs is achieved via multiple pathways, including the regulation on the expression level of lipid metabolism-related key enzymes and factors, and binding with bile acids. The hypolipidemic effect of SFPs could be partially due to their antioxidant activity. SFPs developed in the present work have potential as ingredients of functional foods with hypolipidemic effect.     

羊栖菜中褐藻糖胶的组分分离及分析

为了确定羊栖菜褐藻糖胶中的活性组分 ,用分子量结合硫酸化程度的分级方法将其分成不同组分。经热水抽提的羊栖菜多糖 ,将去除褐藻胶、海带淀粉后剩余的褐藻糖胶经过DEAE—Sepharose离子交换色谱柱和Sepharose 4B凝胶层析柱被分成 5个褐藻糖胶组分。 5个组分中硫酸基和岩藻糖近似的分子数量之比分别为 1.863、0 .0 68、1.2 2 9、1.62 9,1.0 10 ;平均分子量分别为 2 .0× 10 4 、2 .2× 10 4 、8.2× 10 4 、2 1.4× 10 4 、32 .0× 10 4 ;百分含量分别为 8.6%、2 2 .9%、4 8.5 %、5 .7%、14.3%。     

Purification and Biological Activities of Enzymatically Degraded Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharides

Enzymatic hydrolysate of the crude polysaccharide (SFP) extracted from Sargassum fusiforme was purified by column DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 to yield four components, namely, ESFP1, ESFP2, ESFP3 and ESFP4. These components were characterized by chemical composition assay, GC/MS, HPGPC, UV and FT-IR techniques. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the four purified fractions were investigated by measuring their radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The results suggested that all the four components possess good antioxidant activities. Among them, ESFP1 was found to possess the strongest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity, and the greatest ferric reducing power. The immunomodulatory effect of these four polysaccharides was demonstrated by their ability to promote proliferation, and to enhance both phagocytic activity and NO release in a macrophage RAW264.7 model. The results revealed that the bioactivities of the polysaccharides are related to their molecular weight, and the uronic acid and sulfate contents.     

通过加速贮存试验估算u-PA产品在不同温度时的贮存寿命

通过在 6 0℃、70℃、80℃的加速贮存试验 (MIS)观察了 u- PA冻干产品的热稳定性 ,并对其活性的热降解速度和不同温度时贮存寿命进行了估算。在 3 7℃ ,2 5℃ ,4℃ ,0℃贮存时 ,活性单位损失 5 0 %所需的时间为 1 73 d、2 .78a,70 .8a,1 1 8a:活性单位损失 1 0 %需的时间分别为 2 0 d、1 0 0 d、7.6 4 a、1 1 a。     

Effect of egg storage duration and brooding temperatures on chick growth,intestine morphology and nutrient transporters

The effects of egg storage duration (ESD) and brooding temperature (BT) on BW, intestine development and nutrient transporters of broiler chicks were investigated. A total of 396 chicks obtained from eggs stored at 18°C for 3 days (ESD3-18°C) or at 14°C for 14 days (ESD14-14°C) before incubation were exposed to three BTs. Temperatures were initially set at 32°C, 34°C and 30°C for control (BT-Cont), high (BT-High) and low (BT-Low) BTs, respectively. Brooding temperatures were decreased by 2°C each at days 2, 7, 14 and 21. Body weight was measured at the day of hatch, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42. Cloacal temperatures of broilers were recorded from 1 to 14 days. Intestinal morphology and gene expression levels of H⁺-dependent peptide transporter (PepT1) and Na-dependent glucose (SGLT1) were evaluated on the day of hatch and 14. Cloacal temperatures of chicks were affected by BTs from days 1 to 8, being the lowest for BT-Low chicks. BT-High resulted in the heaviest BWs at 7 days, especially for ESD14-14°C chicks. This result was consistent with longer villus and larger villus area of ESD14-14°C chicks at BT-High conditions. From 14 days to slaughter age, BT had no effect on broiler weight. ESD3-18°C chicks were heavier than ESD14-14°C chicks up to 28 days. The PepT1 and SGLT1 expression levels were significantly higher in ESD3-18°C chicks than ESD14-14°C on the day of hatch. There was significant egg storage by BT interaction for PepT1 and SGLT1 transporters at day 14. ESD14-14°C chicks had significantly higher expression of PepT1 and SGLT1 at BT-Low than those at BT-Cont. ESD14-14°C chicks upregulated PepT1 gene expression 1.15 and 1.57-fold at BT-High and BT-Low, respectively, compared with BT-Cont, whereas PepT1 expression was downregulated 0.67 and 0.62-fold in ESD3-18°C chicks at BT-High and BT-Low. These results indicated that pre-incubation egg storage conditions and BTs affected intestine morphology and PepT1 and SGLT1 nutrient transporters expression in broiler chicks.     

Microsatellite loci from the trematode Lecithochirium fusiforme,a parasite of the European conger eel

Seven polymorphic loci containing dinucleotide repeats and one trinucleotide microsatellite were developed for the hemiurid fluke Lecithochirium fusiforme, a parasite of the European conger eel Conger conger. All parasites that were collected from a single individual host (a total of 54 specimens) were genotyped. The number of alleles ranged from two to eight. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.057 to 0.736 and from 0.091 to 0.794, respectively. Hardy–Weinberg deviations were statistically significant for two loci. These markers will be useful for study of parasite transmission patterns and population genetic structure.