红豆树种子化学成分及其抗氧化和抑菌活性研究

为研究红豆树种子的化学组成及生物活性。本文采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对其甲醇提取物的化学成分进行了鉴定,并首次采用不同极性溶剂对红豆树种子的生物活性物质进行萃取;同时,利用DPPH法、ABTS法和抑菌圈法评价红豆树种子生物活性物质的体外抗氧化及抑菌活性。结果表明,从红豆树种子萃取物中共检测出化合物12个,占萃取物总量的89.03%;种子萃取物的主要成分为5-羟甲基糠醛(52.98%)、D-阿洛糖(7.24%)、2,3-二甲氧基-10,11-二氢二苯并(b,f)恶庚英-10-醇(6.51%)、甲基丁香酚(4.53%)、2,3-二氢-3,5-二羟基-6-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-酮(4.45%)、黄樟素(3.75%)、α-松油醇(3.31%)、2,6-二甲氧基苯酚(2.01%),此8种成分占总量的84.78%。红豆树种子正丁醇、乙酸乙酯和石油醚等萃取物对DPPH和ABTS自由基均具有显著的抗氧化活性,且抗氧化活性与萃取物浓度呈线性相关。当红豆树种子正丁醇、乙酸乙酯和石油醚等萃取物浓度为10.0 mg/mL时,正丁醇萃取物对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的抑菌效果最佳;乙酸乙酯萃取物对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果最佳;石油醚萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果最佳。研究结果为红豆树种子资源的开发和综合利用提供了数据支持。     

决明子生品及炮制品的抗氧化活性研究

采用清除二苯代苦味肼基(DPPH)自由基、清除[2,2'-连氨-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二氨盐](ABTS)自由基及铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)测定法,以二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)为阳性对照,对决明子生品及炮制品进行抗氧化活性评价。实验结果表明,决明子生品及炮制品均有一定的抗氧化活性。酒蒸决明子乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基的能力(IC50值为93.8μg/mL)较其它提取部位强;酒炙决明子乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS自由基(IC50值为8.1μg/mL)和还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC=319.22μmol/g)最强。不同炮制方法对决明子抗氧化活性具有不同程度的影响。     

疏毛绣线菊的抗氧化活性研究北大核心CSCD

采用清除二苯代苦味酰基(DPPH)自由基、清除[2,2-连氨-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二氨盐](ABTS)自由基和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)测定法对疏毛绣线菊总抗氧化活性行评价,将测定结果与阳性对照药物二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)进行比较。研究结果发现疏毛绣线菊正丁醇部位具有较强的清除DPPH自由基(IC50=42.2μg/mL)和还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC=1052.46μmol/g),乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS自由基能力(IC50=6.4μg/mL)较好,但均弱于阳性对照药物BHT(IC50和TEAC值分别为23μg/mL、2.3μg/mL和1532.7μmol/g)。实验证明疏毛绣线菊正丁醇部位体外抗氧化活性较强。     

疏毛绣线菊的抗氧化活性研究

采用清除二苯代苦味酰基(DPPH)自由基、清除[2,2-连氨-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二氨盐](ABTS)自由基和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)测定法对疏毛绣线菊总抗氧化活性行评价,将测定结果与阳性对照药物二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)进行比较。研究结果发现疏毛绣线菊正丁醇部位具有较强的清除DPPH自由基(IC50=42.2μg/mL)和还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC=1052.46μmol/g),乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS自由基能力(IC50=6.4μg/mL)较好,但均弱于阳性对照药物BHT(IC50和TEAC值分别为23μg/mL、2.3μg/mL和1532.7μmol/g)。实验证明疏毛绣线菊正丁醇部位体外抗氧化活性较强。     

雪松松针挥发油化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取雪松松针挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析其化学成分。使用维生素C为阳性对照,以DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和羟基自由基清除作用为指标评价挥发油的抗氧化活性。从雪松松针挥发油中鉴定了37种化学成分,占挥发油总量的95.10%,以烃类和醇类为主;挥发油对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和羟基自由基有明显的清除作用,其IC₅₀分别为0.30、0.22及0.96 μg·mL^-1,且呈现一定的量效关系。可见,雪松松针挥发油中含有多种有应用价值的化学成分,具有显著的抗氧化活性。     

丹参生品及炮制品的抗氧化活性研究

采用清除二苯代苦味酰基(DPPH)自由基、清除[2,2'-连氨-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐](ABTS)自由基及铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)测定法,以二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)为阳性对照,对丹参生品及炮制品进行抗氧化活性评价。实验结果表明,丹参生品及其炮制品均有一定的抗氧化活性。其中,丹参炭乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基的能力最强,IC50值为13.9μg/mL;炒丹参乙酸乙酯部位、酒丹参乙酸乙酯部位和丹参炭正丁醇部位清除ABTS自由基能力最强,IC50值均为2.1μg/mL;米丹参乙酸乙酯部位的FRAP值最高为1517.81μmol/g。不同炮制方法对丹参抗氧化活性的能力有所不同,其中,丹参炭的整体抗氧化活性相对较好。     

小叶女贞果实挥发油的GC-MS分析及其抗氧化活性

首次采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析小叶女贞果实挥发油化学成分,并以ABTS自由基和亚硝酸钠清除作用评价25%挥发油抗氧化活性。从小叶女贞果实挥发油中共鉴定出67种化合物,占挥发油总量的76.50%,主要成分有大根香叶烯D(8.57%)、顺式-2-反式-6-金合欢醇(6.38%)、α-荜澄茄烯(5.24%)、2-己烯醛(3.80%)、芳樟醇(3.78%)、α-衣兰油烯(3.70%)等。挥发油对ABTS自由基和亚硝酸钠具有明显地清除作用,样品量与清除率间呈量效关系。     

黑莓(萨尼)果实体外抗氧化活性研究

采用清除二苯代苦味酰基(DPPH)自由基和[2,2’-连氨-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二氨盐](ABTS)自由基及铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)测定法研究黑莓(萨尼)果实体外抗氧化活性,并于阳性对照丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)和二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)比较.萨尼果实正丁醇部位体外抗氧化活性比较好.正丁醇部位清除DPPH和ABTS自由基的能力(IC50 =8.44和4.55 μg/mL)强于阳性对照BHT(IC50=18.71和7.72 μg/mL),弱于阳性对照BHA(IC50=3.2和1.88 μg/mL),乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH和ABTS自由基的能力(IC50=38.55和17.25 μg/mL)均弱于阳性对照BHA和BHT,乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位对Fe3+的还原能力(Trolox当量=711.57±10.14和628.4±11.30μmol/g)均弱于阳性对照BHA和BHT(Trolox当量=6633.04±114.04和1581.68 ±97.41 μmol/g).     

豆腐柴叶挥发油化学成分及其抗氧化和抑菌作用研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取豆腐柴叶的挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对挥发油进行化学成分分析,并以还原能力、对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除能力及抑制微生物生长为评价指标,研究其体外抗氧化和抑菌作用。结果表明,从豆腐柴叶挥发油中共分离鉴定出化合物有26种,占挥发油总量的98.10%,主要成分有丙酸乙酯(33.70%)、2,2'-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)(9.38%)、叶绿醇(7.91%)、α-桉叶醇(3.75%)、角鲨烯(3.39%)和棕榈酸(3.34%)等。豆腐柴叶挥发油具有较强的抗氧化活性,其还原能力和对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力随其浓度的增加而增强;对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除作用的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为3.396 mg/m L和0.761 mg/m L。豆腐柴叶挥发油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和绿脓杆菌均有显著抑制作用,挥发油的质量浓度与对4种受试菌的抑制作用呈量效关系,其最低抑制浓度(MIC)均为1.125 mg/m L。故豆腐柴叶挥发油具有较好的抗氧化和抑菌特性,为其在食品和药品方面的研究与应用提供了理论基础。     

杜虹花叶挥发油化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

采用气相色谱一质谱联用(GC-MS)对杜虹花(Callic arpa formosana Rolfe)叶挥发油的化学成分进行分析,并用DPPH法测定其抗氧化活性.结果表明,从杜虹花叶挥发油中鉴定出48种成分,占总挥发油的90.14%.其中(-)-斯巴醇(20.23%)、β-石竹烯(17.22%)、大根香叶烯(8.06%)和β-桉叶烯(5.52%)为其主要成分.此外,τ-榄香烯(4.18%)、马兜铃烯(3.78%)、异香橙烯氧化物(2.71%)及4-松油醇(2.50%)的含量也较高.抗氧化实验中,3种不同浓度的挥发油均对DPPH自由基有一定的清除能力,且有明显的量-效相关性.     

硬枝树花粗提物的抗氧化作用

采用DPPH和ABTS法对硬枝树花石油醚(30~60)、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、甲醇等4个溶剂依次提取得到的浸膏物,进行抗氧化活性测定试验。结果表明:甲醇提取物,乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷提取物在0.4~1.0 mg/mL检测浓度范围内对.DPPH的清除效果和质量浓度呈现一定的量效关系。甲醇提取物在1 mg/mL时,清除率高达93.99%,二氯甲烷提取物在1 mg/mL时清除率为92.32%,均高于同质量浓度的BHT。乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷提取物在0.4~1.0mg/mL检测浓度范围内对ABTS.+自由基清除率与质量浓度呈现一定的量效关系,在1 mg/mL时,二氯甲烷提取物对ABTS.+自由基清除率为65.6%,乙酸乙酯提取物对ABTS.+自由基清除率为48%。     

GC-MS analysis and in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of essential oil from aerial parts of endemic Thymus spathulifolius Hausskn. et Velen

We investigated the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities and chemical composition of the hydro-distilled essential oil (0.35% yield) from aerial parts of Thymus spathulifolius. Antioxidant capacity of the oil was assessed by different methods including free radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC) and phosphomolybdenum assay. Inhibitory activities were analyzed against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase. Twenty-one constituents were identified representing 97.2% of the total oil with thymol (50.5%), borneol (16.7%) and carvacrol (7.7%) as the major components. The essential oil exhibited good antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values of 3.82 and 0.22?mg/mL determined by free radical scavenging DPPH and ABTS, respectively. EC₅₀ values of FRAP and CUPRAC were found to be 0.12 and 0.34?mg/mL, respectively. The results of the present study support the uses of T. spathulifolius essential oil as a source of natural antioxidants and bioactivities for functional foods and phytomedicines.     

日本虫草子实体多糖抗氧化及免疫调节作用

为明确日本虫草子实体多糖（CJPs）的抗氧化活性及免疫调节作用,本研究以子实体为原料,采用热水浸提法得多糖,通过对ABTS自由基、DPPH自由基、·OH自由基清除能力评价CJPs的体外抗氧化活性;探讨CJPs对氢化可的松诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用。结果表明,CJPs对ABTS、DPPH、·OH自由基均有明显的清除效果,且存在量效关系,IC₅₀分别为0.165、0.098、0.253mg/mL;灌胃CJPs的小鼠与模型组相比,免疫器官指数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数、血清中细胞因子水平、免疫球蛋白含量均有所提高,脾脏中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）的活力显著增强（P<0.05或P<0.01）。该研究表明CJPs是一种潜在的抗氧化剂,并能显著提高免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能,为其进一步研究和应用提供了科学依据。     

土壤真菌 Aspergillus fumigatus固体发酵产物的化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

为研究来源于哀牢山国家级自然保护区河谷的土壤真菌Aspergillus fumigatus固体发酵产物的化学成分及抗氧化活性研究,采用正相硅胶柱层析、反相硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20分离纯化,借助核磁共振波谱等方法鉴定化合物结构,从中共得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为rubrofusarin B(1)、rubrofusarin A(2)、carbonarone A(3)、aspernigrin A(4)、flavasperone(5)、(22 E,24 R)-5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(6)、(22 E,24 R)-5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,9(11),22-三烯-3β-醇(7)、ourosperone A(8)、(22 E,24 R)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(9)、stigmast-1,5-dien-3β-ol(10)、fonsecinones A(11)、asperpyrone C(12)、asperpyrones B(13)。其中,化合物1~5和7~13为从该菌种中首次分离。抗氧化活性结果显示,化合物8对DPPH(IC₅₀=3.453 mg/mL)、ABTS+(IC₅₀=0.155 mg/mL)、OH(IC₅₀=0.019 mg/mL)自由基都有一定的清除效果。     

Antioxidant activity of 50% aqueous--ethanol extract from Acantholippia deserticola

The antioxidant properties oí Acantholippia deserticola, a herb used in traditional northern Chilean medicine was studied using free radical-generating systems. The 50% aqueous-ethanol extract oí Acantholippia deserticola protected against non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in microsomal membranes of rat, induced by an Fe++-ascorbate system and measured spectrophotometrically by the TBARS test, and had strong free radical scavenging capacities on stable ABTS and DPPH radicals. The results shows that the IC50 value of the 50% aqueous-ethanolic extract of A.deserticola is 18 +/- 0.5 microg/mL in DPPH radical-scavenging, 15 +/- 0.8 microg/mL in lipid peroxidation , Total Antioxidant Activity (TAA) is 0.95 mM of Trolox per mg/mL of extract. The total phenolics content of extract is 725 +/- 12 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g of dried extract. The results indicate that the 50% aqueous-ethanol extract of Acantholippia deserticola clearly has antioxidant properties.     

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant,Antiparasitic, Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Potential of the Algerian Limonium Oleifolium Mill. Essential Oil and Organic Extracts

This work aimed to investigate, for the first time, the chemical composition, antioxidant, antiparasitic, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activities of the aromatic plant Limonium oleifolium Mill. essential oil (EO) and organic extracts. L. oleifolium aerial parts essential oil was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS, and 46 constituents representing 98.25±1.12 % of the oil were identified. γ-Muurolene (10.81±0.07 %), cis-caryophyllene (7.71±0.06 %), o-cymene (7.07±0.01 %) and α-copaene (5.02±0.05 %) were the essential oil main compounds. The antioxidant activity of L. oleifolium EO and organic extracts (MeOH, CHCl₃, AcOEt, BuOH) was explored using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS, β-carotene/linoleic acid, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing power assays. The results showed that L. oleifolium EO exhibit antioxidant capacity (IC₅₀=17.40±1.32 μg/mL for DPPH assay, IC₅₀=29.82±1.08 μg/mL for β-carotene assay, IC₅₀=25.23±1.01 μg/mL for ABTS assay, IC₅₀=9.11±0.08 μg/mL for CUPRAC assay and IC₅₀=19.41±2.06 mg/mL for reducing power assay). Additionally, the EO showed significant activity against trophozoite form of Acanthamoeba castellanii (IC₅₀=7.48±0.41 μg/mL) and promastigote form of Leishmania amazonensis (IC₅₀=19.36±1.06 μg/mL) and low cytotoxicity on murine macrophages (LC₅₀ 90.23±1.09 μg/mL), as well as good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results suggest that L. oleifolium essential oil is a valuable source of bioactive compounds presenting antioxidant, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, it is considered nontoxic.     

Experimental study on the antioxidant activity of Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd extracts in vitro and in vivo

Extracts of Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder, containing flavonoids with good antioxidant and antiliver injury properties, possess various biological activities. The aim of this study was to explore the antioxidant activity of these extracts in vitro and in vivo. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was studied using scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, and superoxide free radicals and by inhibiting mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro. An in vivo antioxidant experiment was performed using a rat-aging model. Aging was induced in rats with D-galactose through treating them at doses of extracts about 150, 300, and 600 mg·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹. The Malus hupehensis extracts showed high antioxidant activity; the IC₅₀ values of DPPH radicals, ABTS radicals, superoxide radicals, and mushroom tyrosinase inhibition were 19.00 μg/mL, 303.94 μg/mL, and 3.71 mg/mL, and 1.16 mg/mL, respectively. Our experiments showed that the extracts significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the serum and tissue homogenate in vivo, and that the effects were positively correlated with the dose, compared with the activity observed in controls. Histopathological observation also confirmed that the extracts had protective effects after oxidative injury in rat tissues. In conclusion, the extracts of M. hupehensis showed effective antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo.     

Antioxidant activity of novel chitin derivative

Novel water-soluble chitin derivative was prepared by chemical modification to evaluate antioxidant activities by free radical scavenging potential using electron spin resonance spin trapping technique. Aminoethyl-chitin (AEC) exhibited free radical scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, superoxide, and peroxyl radicals. AEC quenched DPPH and peroxyl radical over 55% and 59% at 4mg/mL, and also suppressed superoixde radical over 58% at 2mg/mL. Especially, AEC was more active against hydroxyl radical, and scavenging ratio was 92.2% at 0.12mg/mL. These results suggested that free amino group in the -CH(2)CH(2)NH(2) plays an important role in the free radical scavenging activity. In addition, cytotoxic effect of AEC was assessed using human lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cell line, and AEC showed less toxic against MRC-5.     

裂片石莼水提物清除ABTS和DPPH自由基的光谱学研究

研究了大型海藻裂片石莼和富硒裂片石莼水提物清除 2,2'-连氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并二氢噻唑啉-6-磺酸)(ABTS)及 1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基能力及其光谱学特征。分光光度计法测定,水提物 ABTS 自由基体系测定波长为 734 nm,体系稳定时间为 6 min;DPPH 自由基体系测定波长为 515 nm,体系稳定时间为 30 min。结果表明,裂片石莼水提物具有良好的抗氧化活性,能有效、快速地抑制溶液中 ABTS 和 DPPH 自由基。在优化选择的反应体系中,裂片石莼、富硒裂片石莼和标准抗氧化剂 VC 对 ABTS 自由基的半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)分别为 76.40 μg/ml、54.11 μg/ml 和 60.69 μg/ml,说明富硒裂片石莼水提取的总抗氧化活性明显优于 VC,富硒培养可以显著提高裂片石莼的抗氧化活性。裂片石莼、高硒裂片石莼和标准抗氧化剂 VC 对 DPPH 自由基的 IC₅₀ 值分别为 123.29 μg/ml、 76.825 μg/ml 和 24.787 μg/ml。综合上述,富硒培养裂片石莼水提物具有优良的抗氧化活性,对水溶性自由基的抑制率明显高于脂溶性自由基,有广阔的开发前景。