雪灵芝粗多糖对小鼠免疫细胞增殖与功能的体外激活作用

为观察雪灵芝粗多糖(Arenaria kansuensis crude polysaccharide,AKCP)对体外培养的小鼠脾淋巴细胞、NK细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞增殖与功能的影响。以不同浓度AKCP作用于体外培养的上述细胞48 h,采用中性红吞噬实验及NO释放实验检测巨噬细胞功能,MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖及NK细胞杀伤活性,流式细胞术检测脾淋巴细胞CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+亚群,ELISA法检测脾细胞培养上清中IL-2和IFN-γ水平。结果显示,AKCP各浓度组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬活性和NO释放量、脾淋巴细胞刺激指数及培养上清中IFN-γ水平、NK细胞杀伤活性均高于空白对照组(P0.05);AKCP中浓度组脾淋巴细胞CD3~+、CD4~+亚群及培养上清中IL-2水平也明显升高(P0.05)。提示AKCP对小鼠免疫细胞的增殖与功能具有体外激活作用。     

欧李多糖的制备、结构表征及免疫调节活性研究CSCD

欧李富含钙素,营养丰富,且具有免疫功能,研究欧李多糖的制备、结构及免疫调节活性,可为欧李深加工提供基础。本文以欧李为原料,采用水提醇沉法提取欧李多糖(Cerasus humilis polysaccharide,CHP),利用响应面法优化提取工艺。对提取的欧李多糖用DEAE-52纤维素层析柱、G-100葡聚糖凝胶柱纯化。用高效液相色谱、凝胶渗透色谱和红外光谱对欧李多糖结构表征,并测定欧李多糖的免疫调节活性。结果表明,欧李多糖最佳提取工艺条件为提取温度79℃,提取时间2 h,液料比16∶1(mL/g)。在此条件下,欧李干粉多糖得率为(32.18±0.08)%。纯化后欧李多糖主要有CHPP-1和CHPP-2两个组分,CHPP-1、CHPP-2中多糖含量分别为99.16%和99.33%。CHPP-1的单糖组成及摩尔占比为阿拉伯糖∶半乳糖醛酸∶葡萄糖=51.4∶20.29∶17.36,分子量为47.26 kDa。CHPP-2的单糖组成及摩尔占比为阿拉伯糖∶半乳糖醛酸∶葡萄糖=41.81∶28.24∶11.68,分子量为22.94 kDa。两个组分均为吡喃环型多糖。CHPP-2可显著增强巨噬细胞增殖活性,有效刺激细胞释放NO和TNF-α、IL-6及IFN-β。欧李多糖含量丰富,且具有较强的免疫调节活性。     

柿子多糖的分离纯化和结构分析

利用水提醇沉提取柿子多糖(WPP),经季铵盐沉淀法和凝胶柱层析对柿子粗多糖进行分离纯化,得到了水溶性的柿子粗多糖(WPP1)和盐溶性的柿子粗多糖(WPP2)两个柿子多糖组分。通过对理化性质、分子量和单糖组成测定结果分析,确定WPP1是含有α糖苷键的化合物,由L-鼠李糖、L-阿拉伯糖、D-葡萄糖和D-半乳糖四种单糖组成,四种单糖的摩尔比为0.8831∶0.6862∶0.7022∶1,分子量为2.05×105Da。WPP2由L-阿拉伯糖和D-半乳糖两种单糖组成,其摩尔比为0.8466∶1,分子量为2.63×105Da。WPP1和WPP2均表现出吡喃糖的特征吸收。     

灵芝-黄芪双向发酵菌质多糖的分离纯化及生物活性研究

本文旨在探究灵芝-黄芪双向固体发酵体系对灵芝多糖生物活性的增效作用。分别以灵芝-黄芪双向发酵菌质和未添加黄芪的灵芝菌发酵菌质为原材料提取多糖,采用热水浸提和离子交换色谱对粗多糖进行分离,得到PG-1和PG-2,添加黄芪发酵的菌质多糖中的PG-1组分相较于未添加黄芪发酵的菌质多糖中的PG-2组分增加了325%的产量。对PG-1和PG-2进行初步的结构鉴定和免疫活性、抗肿瘤活性的研究。运用排阻色谱法测定其分子量,高效液相色谱、紫外光谱和红外光谱等方法分析其单糖组成、官能团、糖苷键构型以及糖分子链链型。PG-1和PG-2都由葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、木糖和阿拉伯糖4种组成,单糖组分摩尔比分别为12∶58∶21∶9和16∶41∶32∶11。分子量分别为9.2×10~4和8.9×10~4。PG-1和PG-2均由β-糖苷键连接,二者糖链间有—O—连接。PG-1和PG-2均是具有三螺旋空间构象的分子量相对均一的多糖。体外细胞实验结果显示:加入PG-1和PG-2后,巨噬细胞的增殖作用、巨噬细胞对中性红的吞噬作用、巨噬细胞的保护作用和对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用都显著地提高。在细胞实验中,PG-1显示出比PG-2更强的免疫增强活性和对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用,说明添加黄芪促进了灵芝菌质多糖的分泌,使灵芝多糖的免疫增强活性和抗肿瘤活性增强。     

苦豆子多糖的分离纯化及初步结构北大核心CSCD

本文研究了苦豆子多糖的分离纯化以及初步结构。采用水溶醇沉方法提取粗多糖,然后通过离子交换层析分离纯化,采用高效凝胶渗透色谱、气相色谱、紫外吸收以及红外吸收光谱对多糖组分进行分析研究。获得苦豆子多糖相对分子质量均一性组分SPN和SPA,测得其平均相对分子质量分别为1.217×106Da和4.412×105Da,二者均不含蛋白质,且都具有红外的多糖特征吸收峰,其单糖组成(质量比)分别为阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=7.90∶11.24∶86.24∶18.81∶16.89、鼠李糖∶阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=1.50∶5.80∶1.72∶20.10∶1.64∶27.20。本文为苦豆子多糖的进一步研究开发提供理论依据。     

苦豆子多糖的分离纯化及初步结构

本文研究了苦豆子多糖的分离纯化以及初步结构。采用水溶醇沉方法提取粗多糖,然后通过离子交换层析分离纯化,采用高效凝胶渗透色谱、气相色谱、紫外吸收以及红外吸收光谱对多糖组分进行分析研究。获得苦豆子多糖相对分子质量均一性组分SPN和SPA,测得其平均相对分子质量分别为1.217×106Da和4.412×105Da,二者均不含蛋白质,且都具有红外的多糖特征吸收峰,其单糖组成(质量比)分别为阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=7.90∶11.24∶86.24∶18.81∶16.89、鼠李糖∶阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=1.50∶5.80∶1.72∶20.10∶1.64∶27.20。本文为苦豆子多糖的进一步研究开发提供理论依据。     

夏枯草多糖的分离、纯化及结构初步分析

采用100℃热水提取,得到夏枯草粗多糖。经阴离子交换柱层析、凝胶过滤柱层析对粗多糖进行纯化分级,通过高效凝胶过滤色谱测得了其主要组分PLS3的重均分子量为8.3×10-5Da。对PLS3进行了红外分析,测定了其初步结构;并分别以气相色谱和柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法测定了粗多糖和PLS3的单糖组成,发现两者所含单糖种类一致,都为半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖,但两种物质的单糖组成相对摩尔百分比有所差异。     

核桃楸皮多糖的分离纯化及抗癌活性研究（英文）北大核心CSCD

采用水提醇沉法提取核桃楸皮多糖(JMPS),并利用色谱法对其进一步纯化得到四种均一多糖JMPS-1、JMPS-2a、JMPS-2b和JMPS-3,其分子量分别为227.9 k Da、28.6 k Da、23.1 k Da和12.7 k Da。使用气相色谱法测定组分的单糖组成;利用红外光谱研究多糖组分的结构特征。体外抗肿瘤实验表明JMPS-1对SMMC-7721细胞具有较强抑制作用,流式细胞实验发现JMPS-1将SMMC-7721细胞的阻滞在G2/M期和S期。JMPS-1具有抗癌活性,可用作天然的抗癌物质。     

核桃楸皮多糖的分离纯化及抗癌活性研究（英文）

采用水提醇沉法提取核桃楸皮多糖(JMPS),并利用色谱法对其进一步纯化得到四种均一多糖JMPS-1、JMPS-2a、JMPS-2b和JMPS-3,其分子量分别为227.9 k Da、28.6 k Da、23.1 k Da和12.7 k Da。使用气相色谱法测定组分的单糖组成;利用红外光谱研究多糖组分的结构特征。体外抗肿瘤实验表明JMPS-1对SMMC-7721细胞具有较强抑制作用,流式细胞实验发现JMPS-1将SMMC-7721细胞的阻滞在G2/M期和S期。JMPS-1具有抗癌活性,可用作天然的抗癌物质。     

马齿苋多糖POPⅢa的分离纯化及其结构特征

经提取、分离和纯化等一系列步骤得到马齿苋多糖POPⅢa,用醋酸纤维薄膜电泳和Sephadex G-200葡聚糖凝胶过滤法鉴定,POPⅢa为均一性组分。由薄层色谱和核磁共振分析确定其单糖组成为阿拉伯糖和半乳糖醛酸。红外光谱分析表明POPⅢa具有典型的多糖吸收峰,结构中存在β-型糖苷键,同时根据NMR结果推断POPⅢa属果胶类多糖。     

Antioxidant activities potential of tea polysaccharide fractions obtained by ultra filtration

Three polysaccharide fractions (TPS1, TPS2 and TPS3) with different molecular weights were obtained using ultra filtration membranes from crude tea polysaccharide (CTPS) extracted from abandoned lower grade tea leaves. Each fraction contained different contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid, protein, and total polyphenols. These differences provided basis for the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of these polysaccharide fractions. The molecular weights of TPS1, TPS2, and TPS3 were around 2.40×10(5) Da, 2.14×10(4) Da, and 2.46×10(3) Da, respectively. In general, TPS1 and CTPS had stronger antioxidant activity, TPS2 and TPS3 had lower antioxidant activity. TPS1 had higher activity for DPPH and lipid per oxidation inhibition. But it had lower capacity for reducing power and metal chelating. This might be due to its higher content of hexuronic acid and larger molecular weight. The order of inhibition activity of lipid per oxidation of various polysaccharide fractions was the same as DPPH radical scavenging activity, as well as the order of metal chelating activity of various polysaccharide fractions similar to hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, which demonstrated that hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of polysaccharide relied heavily on the Fe(2+) metal chelating to decrease the generation of hydroxyl radical.     

超声-微波协同提取大青叶多糖及其分子特性和免疫活性研究

为研究大青叶多糖的分子特性和免疫活性,采用超声-微波协同提取大青叶多糖并测定其化学组成,衍生化后利用气质联用分析仪检测单糖组成和链接方式,用HPSEC-MALLS-RI联机系统测定分子质量及分布情况,最后利用RAW264. 7细胞分析大青叶多糖的免疫活性。结果表明,多糖最佳提取参数:料液比25∶1(V/m),温度90℃,蒸馏水浸提70 min,超声-微波提取50 min,微波功率500 W,超声功率50 W,多糖得率为10. 49%。大青叶多糖化学组成包括63. 8%总糖、13. 1%蛋白质、14. 2%硫酸根和12. 6%糖醛酸,单糖组成主要包括半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖和葡萄糖,分子质量为7. 85×105u,回转半径为183. 3 nm。同时分析了大青叶多糖的链接方式,体外生物活性实验表明大青叶多糖可以促进RAW264. 7细胞增殖并产生一氧化氮。     

东北红豆杉多糖的化学研究

利用水提醇沉提取东北红豆杉多糖TP,经超滤得到超滤外液TP-1和内液TP-2。TP-2进行部分酸水解和凝胶柱层析分离纯化,得到TP-2-1a。通过对理化性质、分子量、单糖组成和甲基化测定结果分析,确定其分子量分布在7.0 kDa左右,糖组成由Rha、Man、Gal、Glu、GalA和GlcA构成,摩尔比为:16.9∶1.0∶15.5∶1.3∶9.9∶2.5,中性糖以Gal的1→3、1→4连接为主,在1→3连接的O-6位上有分支;Rha以1→2连接为主,在O-4位上有分支;Man以1→4、1→6连接为主;Glu以1→3、1→4连接为主;非还原末端主要是Gal及少量的Man、Glu和Rha。酸性糖以1→4连接GalA为主,无分支。该多糖为首次从东北红豆杉中分离得到。     

金丝小枣多糖ZP3c的分离纯化及其组成分析

经DEAE-SepharoseCL-6B、SepharoseCL-6B和Sephadex G-200柱层析,得到一个均一的金丝小枣多糖组分(ZP3c).ZP3c的中性单糖是由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖组成,其摩尔比为1:2.13:19.3.经红外光谱测定,ZP3c的酯化度为41.85%.     

浒苔多糖的分离、纯化和分析

浒苔（Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｍｏｒｐｈａｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａ）经热水提取,Ｓｅｖａｇｅ法除去蛋白质,用乙醇沉淀,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００柱层析,得浒苔多糖（简称ＥＰ）精制品。经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２００柱层析鉴定为单一对称性洗脱峰。红外光谱分析具有多糖特征吸收峰,紫外光谱分析未见有核酸和蛋白质的特征吸收峰。总糖含量为８８．８％,其中糖醛酸含量为３３．６％。单糖组成为Ｌ－阿拉伯糖、Ｌ－岩藻糖、Ｄ－甘露糖、Ｄ－半乳糖及Ｄ－葡萄糖,平均分子量为２５０００。     

Characterization and in vitro antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus

Two polysaccharide fractions (PSPO-1a and PSPO-4a) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus using ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. Both fractions were heteropolysaccharide containing protein and uronic acid. PSPO-1a was composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose and rhamnose with a molar ratio of 2.47:0.91:1.00:1.66:3.87. PSPO-4a was composed of only three monosaccharides: rhamnose, mannose and galactose with a molar ratio of 0.92:2.69:1.00. The average molecular weight of PSPO-1a and PSPO-4a determined by HPLC were estimated to be 1.8 × 10(4)Da and 1.1 × 10(6)Da respectively. The in vitro tests revealed that two polysaccharides were natural potential antioxidant. Both polysaccharides presented stronger DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity with increasing concentrations, but less effective on scavenging hydroxyl radical. Compared with PSPO-4a, PSPO-1a was the more effective free-radical scavenger. In conclusion, the two polysaccharides may be useful as a naturally potential antioxidant agent for application in food and medicinal fields.     

Structure elucidation and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Boletus speciosus Forst

In this study, a novel heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus speciosus Forst through DEAE-cellulose column and Sephadex G-200 column. The Boletus speciosus Forst polysaccharide (BSFP-1) had a molecular weight of 1.33×10(4) Da and was mainly composed of l-Man and d-Gal which ratios were 2:1. Structural features of Boletus speciosus Forst polysaccharide (BSFP-1) were investigated by a combination of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), infrared (IR) spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that Boletus speciosus Forst polysaccharide (BSFP-1) had a backbone of (1→4)-α-l-mannopyranose residues which branches at O-6 based on the experimental results. The branches were mainly composed of one with →1)-α-d-galactopyranose residue. The antioxidant activity of BSFP-1 was evaluated with two biochemical methods, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(-)) radical scavenging, scavenging activity of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-suphonic acid)diammonium (ABTS(+)) radical. The results indicated that BSFP-1 showed strong antioxidant.     

超滤分离和鉴定三种香菇多糖

用热水从香菇子实体中浸提出香菇多糖,采用两种超滤陶瓷膜将粗多糖分级成三部分Le1,Le2和Le3。所有的这三种多糖都由两组分所组成,采用凝胶过滤色谱测定了多糖分子量,13CNMR和IR光谱测定显示多糖Le1为含α糖甙键的多糖,多糖Le3为含β糖甙键的多糖。采用气相色谱法测定了三种多糖的单糖组成,结果显示三种多糖都由葡糖糖,阿拉伯糖,木糖,甘露糖和半乳糖组成,Le1,Le2和Le3中阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖的摩尔比分别为0.15∶0.52∶1.00∶1.20∶7.20、0.21∶0.68∶1.00∶1.02∶11.56、0.29∶0.42∶1.00∶0.85∶16.20。三种多糖Le1,Le2和Le3的平均分子量分别为4.02×104、2.16×105和8.93×105。     

猪肚菇多糖WPG1的相对分子质量测定及原子力显微镜观测

热水提取猪肚菇粗多糖中的酸性多糖WPG1,经凝胶纯化后用高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定其相对分子质量,用气相色谱对其单糖组成进行分析,用原子力显微镜（AFM）对其形态结构进行观测。结果表明：酸性多糖WPG1经SephacrylS-300凝胶层析纯化后得到WPG1-1和WPG1-2这2个组分; 经HPLC分析可知WPG1-1与WPG1-2均为单一组分,其相对分子质量分别为1.7×106和1.6×104; WPG1-1与WPG1-2的单糖组成主要是糖醛酸、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖; 原子力显微镜观测图分析表明WPG1-1为网链状聚集体结构,WPG1-2呈梭状聚集体,两者均非单链存在。     

Gastroprotective activities of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus in rats

In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (POPw) was successfully purified and identified from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus, with a molecular weight of 2.3×10(4)Da. POPw contained 97.1% total sugar, 0.3% uronic acid and 0.2% protein. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis suggested that POPw was composed of Glc (52.3%), Gal (25.8%), Man (10.0%), Rha (6.1%), and Ara (5.2%). Animal experiments showed that oral administration with POPw significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced gastric lesions in rats, accompanied with a significant increase in mucus synthesis and the prostaglandin production. In addition, POPw could significantly increase the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as decreasing the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in acetic acid-treated rats with gastric ulcer. These results suggested that the gastroprotective effects of POPw on mice ulcer models can be attributed to its ameliorating effect on oxidative damage and reinforcing effect of gastric mucosal resistance.