黄花倒水莲化学成分研究

从黄花倒水莲(Polygda aureocauda Dunn．)根中分离得到七个化合物,经理化和光谱分析鉴定为豆甾-7,(反)22-二烯-3-醇(1)、豆甾-7,(反)22-二烯-3-酮(2)、1,8-羟基-3,7-二甲氧基Shan酮(3)、软脂酸单甘油酯(4)和3-O-[4-O-(α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-)-阿魏酰]-β-D-呋喃果糖-(2→1)-(4,6-二-O-苯甲酰)-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-[(2’R)-2’-羟基棕榈酰胺]-8-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇(6)和1-O-β-D吡喃葡萄糖-(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-[(2’R)-2'-羟基二十四烷酰胺]-8-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇(7)。化合物2—4．7为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

攀援孔药花化学成分研究

从攀援孔药花全草95%乙醇提取物中首次分离得到19个化合物,通过波谱数据或与已知物对照,它们分别鉴定为:(2S,3S,4R)-2-[(2R)-2-羟基-二十一酰胺基]-二十一烷-1,3,4-三醇(1)、(2S,3S,4R)-2-二十四酰胺基-十八烷-1,3,4-三醇(2)、胡萝卜甙(3)、β-谷甾醇(4)、(20S,22E,24R)-5α,8α-表二氧-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(5)、6β-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(6)、十六烷酸-1-甘油酯(7)、桦木酸(8)、大黄素(9)、二十二烷酸-1-甘油酯(10)、对羟基苯甲醛(11)、十七烷酸-1-甘油酯(12)、金色酰胺醇乙酸酯(13)、十九烷酸-1-甘油酯(14)、棕榈酸(15)(、E)-p-香豆酸(16)、(22E,24S)-24-甲基-5α-胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(17)、2-去氧-β-蜕皮激素(18)和auranamide(19)。     

耳状网褶菌的化学成分

从野生真菌耳状网褶菌（Paxillus pamuoides Fr.)子实体中分得4个化合物,经光谱和化学方法分别鉴定为（2S,3S,4R,2′R）-2－（2′－羟基二十四碳酰氨基）十八碳－1,3,4－三醇（1）、5α,8α－表二氧－（22E,24R）－麦角甾－6,22－二烯－3β-醇[5α,8α-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β－o1,2]、（22E,24R）－麦角甾－4,6,8（14）,22－四烯－3－酮[(22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one,3]和对羟基苯甲酸乙酯（ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate,4)。其中化合物4作为天然产物属首次报道。化合物1－4为本科真菌中首次分得。     

魔芋中脑苷脂类化合物的分离与结构鉴定

首次从魔芋中分离出由特殊羟基脂肪酰基构成的脑苷脂类化合物.通过光谱和化学方法鉴定为1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(2S,3R,4E,8Z)-2-(2'R-羟基脂肪酰基)-正十八碳-4,8-二烯鞘胺醇.其中羟基脂肪酰基主要由2-羟基-正十六酰基,2-羟基-正十八酰基,2-羟基-正二十酰基,2-羟基-正二十二酰基,2-羟基-正二十四酰基组成.     

一株茄病镰刀菌的代谢产物研究

一株茄病镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）固体发酵培养物经柱层析分离得到10个化合物。通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（1）、水杨酸甲酯（2）、水杨酸戊酯（3）、香草乙酮（4）、草夹竹桃苷（5）、2-甲氧基-4-乙烯苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（6）、1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxylpalmitoylamino]-8-octadecene-1,3-diol（7）、1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoylaino]-8-octadecene -1,3-diol （8）、脑苷脂D（9）和脑苷脂C（10）。所有化合物均为首次从茄病镰刀菌中分离得到,其中化合物6首次作为天然产物报道。     

蹄叶橐吾根的化学成分研究

从蹄叶橐吾（Ligularia fischeri）的根中分离得到13个化合物,通过波谱学等方法鉴定为2-hydrox-platyphyllide（1）,liguhodgsonal（2）,nsujapone（3）,6’-亚油酰基田-胡萝卜苷（4）,Luped（5）,6,7-二羟基香豆素（6）,3-谷甾醇（7）,胡萝卜苷（8）,（25,3S,4R,12E）-N-[2’-（R）-羟基二十二碳酰基]-1,3,4-三羟基-2-氨基-二十碳-12-烯（9）,单硬脂酸甘油酯（10）,α-羟基二十四烷酸（11）,1,3-二棕榈酸甘油酯（12）,二十七烷醇（13）。其中化合物1—6为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

黄瓜藤的化学成分研究

从丽江产黄瓜藤甲醇提取物的氯仿部位分离得到9个化合物,经理化和波谱分析鉴定为α-菠甾醇(1)、α-菠甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,3)、豆甾-7-烯-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、22-亚甲基-9,19-环羊毛甾烷-3β-醇(5)、(2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-(2′,3′-二羟基二十四烷酰氨基)-10-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇(6)、(2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2′R)-2-羟基二十四烷酰氨基]-10-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇(7)、(2S,3S,4R,10E)-1-(β-D-葡萄糖苷)-2-[(2′R)-2-羟基二十四烷酰氨基]-10-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇(8)、大豆脑苷(9),除化合物3外,其它化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

海南山苦茶叶的化学成分(Ⅱ)

从海南山苦茶叶中分离出10个化合物,根据理化性质的测定和波谱数据的解析,分别鉴定为3-羟基-4,5（R）-二甲基-2（5H）-呋喃酮（1）、没食子酸（2）、（6S,9R）-6-羟基-3-酮-α-紫罗兰醇-9-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（3）、aviculin（4）、（＋）-lyoniresinol 3α-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside（5）、（Z）-3-己烯醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷（6）、3,4,8,9,10-五羟基-二苯并[b,d]吡喃-6-酮（7）、木栓醇（8）、β-谷甾醇（9）和木栓酮（10）,其中化合物4、5为首次从该属植物中获得。     

蜜环菌的化学成分

蜜环菌Armillariella mellea(Vahl.exFr.)Karst是一种与传统中药天麻（Gastrodia elata Blume)共生的药用真菌,从蜜环菌子实体中分离并鉴定了3个化合物,利用波谱（MS,NMR和IR）和化学方法分别鉴定为1个新C－18植物鞘氨醇型神经酰胺（2S,3S,4R）－2－（十六碳酰氨基）－十八碳烷－1,3,4－三醇（1）,2个已知甾醇麦角甾醇过氧化物（ergosterol peroxide)及Ergosta-5,7-dien-3β-ol,这2个甾醇系从该属真菌中首次发现。     

钮子瓜化学成分研究

从民间药物钮子瓜全草95%乙醇提取物中首次分离得到14个化合物,应用波谱方法及与已知品对照的手段鉴定它们为(2S,3S,4R,10E)2[(2R)2-羟基二十四烷酰氨基]10十八烷-1,3,4-三醇(1)、(2S,3S,4R)2-二十四烷酰胺基十八烷-1,3,4-三醇(2)、胡萝卜苷(3)、swertish(4)、苯甲酸(5)、水杨酸(6)、loliolide(7)、胸腺嘧啶(8)、尿嘧啶(9)、(23Z)-9,19-环阿尔廷-23-烯-3β,25-二醇(10)、(20S,22E,24R)5α,8α-表二氧麦角甾6,22二烯3β醇(11)、十六烷酸1甘油酯(12)、大豆脑苷Ⅰ(13)、(22E,24S)24甲基5α胆甾7,22二烯3β,5α,6β三醇(14)。     

华麻花头根中的蜕皮甾酮类成分

从华麻花头(Serratula chinensis S．Moore)根中分得7种蜕皮甾酮类化合物,经光谱分析和化学方法,分别鉴定为：20-羟基蜕皮松(1),podecdysone C(2),3-氧-乙酰基-20-羟基蜕皮松(3),20-羟基蜕皮松-20,22．-缩丁醛(4),shidasterone(5),atrotosterone C(6)和carthamosterone(7),其中20-羟基蜕皮松-20,22．缩丁醛为一新的化合物。     

Flavonoids from Cleistocalyx operculatus

Two flavonoids 3'-formyl-4',6'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-5'-methylchalcone and (2S)-8-formyl-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-methylflavanone together with five known compounds, were isolated from the dried buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, EIMS, (1)H, (13)C NMR and HMBC).     

茎花葱臭木化学成分的研究

从茎花葱臭木种子中分离得到5个化合物,经理化与波谱分析鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、没食子酸乙酯(2)、胡萝卜苷(3)、1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(2S,3S,4R,8Z)-2-N-(2 ′-羟基二十四烷酰氨基)十八二氧鞘氨-8-烯(4)和2,3,2″,3″-四氢穗花杉双黄酮(5).这5个化合物均首次从该植物中分离得到.其中化合物5进行细胞毒活性测试,没有显示抑制活性.     

Prenylflavonoids from Flourensia fiebrigii

Three compounds: (2S)-8-(3'-methylbut-2'-enyl)-7,3',4'-trihydroxyflavanone, (2S)-8-(3'-methyl-4'-hydroxy-but-2'-enyl)-7,3',4'-trihydroxyflavanone and (2S)-8-(3'-methyl-4'-hydroxy-but-2'-enyl)-5,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone, along with five previously known compounds, were isolated from the aerial parts of Flourensia fiebrigii. Their structures were elucidated by application of various spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques.     

Structure of interphase chromosomes in the nuclei of Drosophila cells

Fluorescent images of interphase chromatin structures and chromosome structures isolated from reversibly permeable Drosophila cells were analyzed. Decondensed chromatin in early S phase (2.0-2.5 C-value) consisted of a veil-like fibrillary network. Fibrillar chromatin formed rodlets later in the early S phase (2.5-2.75 C). Drosophila chromosomes contain several smaller subunits called rodlets. Fibrillar chromatin turned to chromatin ribbon and the early mid-S-phase globular chromosomes (2.75-3.0 C), then to opened fibrous globular forms later in the mid-S-phase (3.0-3.25 C), to late-S-phase supercoiled ribbons (3.25-3.5 C), end-S-phase elongated prechromosomes (3.5-3.75 C), bent and linear chromosomes (3.75-4.0 C). Early-S phase chromatin fibrils in the nuclei of Drosophila cells are thinner than the veil-like structures in mammalian cells. The connectivity of chromosomes shows linear arrangement (3, 1, 2, 4), with larger chromosomes (1 and 2) inside and smaller chromosomes (3, 4) at the two ends in the chromosomal chain.     

Stereumin A-E, sesquiterpenoids from the fungus Stereum sp. CCTCC AF 207024

Five cadinane sesquiterpenoids, named stereumin A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4) and E (5) were isolated from the CHCl(3) extract of the culture broth of the fungal strain CCTCC AF 207024. Based on the sequences at the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and partial 28S rDNA, this fungus was identified as a Stereum sp. The structures of the five compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic data from 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS experiments, and the structures of 1 and 2 were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1-5 showed nematicidal activities against the nematode Panagrellus redivivus at 400 mg l(-1). Among these five compounds, compounds 3 and 4 killed 84.4% and 94.9% of P. redivivus, respectively in 48 h.     

The SO4(.-)-induced chain reaction of 1,3-dimethyluracil with peroxodisulphate

The sulphate radical SO4(.-) reacts with 1,3-dimethyluracil (1,3-DMU) (k = 5 X 10(9) dm3 mol-1 s-1) thereby forming with greater than or equal to 90 per cent yield the 1,3-DMU C(5)-OH adduct radical 4 as evidenced by its absorption spectrum and its reactivity toward tetranitromethane. Pulse-conductometric experiments have shown that a 1,3-DMU-SO4(.-) aduct 3 as well as the 1,3-DMU radical cation 1, if formed, must be very short-lived (t1/2 less than or equal to 1 microsecond). The 1,3-DMU C(5)-OH adduct 4 reacts slowly with peroxodisulphate (k = 2.1 X 10(5) dm3 mol-1 s-1). It is suggested that the observed new species is the 1,3-DMU-5-OH-6-SO4(.-) radical 7. At low dose rates a chain reaction is observed. The product of this chain reaction is the cis-5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethyluracil 2. At a dose rate of 2.8 X 10(-3) Gys-1 a G value of approximately 200 was observed ([1,3-DMU] = 5 X 10(-3) mol dm-3; [S2O8(2-)] = 10(-2) mol dm-3; [t-butanol] = 10(-2) mol dm-3). The peculiarities of this chain reaction (strong effect of [1,3-DMU], smaller effect of [S2O(2-)8]) is explained by 7 being an important chain carrier. It is proposed that 7 reacts with 1,3-DMU by electron transfer, albeit more slowly (k approximately 1.2 X 10(4) dm3 mol-1 s-1) than does SO4(.-). The resulting sulphate 6 is considered to hydrolyse into 2 and sulphuric acid which is formed in amounts equivalent to those of 2. Computer simulations provide support for the proposed mechanism. The results of some SCF calculations on the electron distribution in the radical cations derived from uracil and 1-methyluracil are also presented.     

Structural elucidation of twelve novel esters composed of five fatty acids and three new branched alcohols together with four monoterpenoids from Sancassania shanghaiensis (Acari: Acaridae)

A total of 12 novel esters and four monoterpenoids (rosefuran, (2R,3R)-epoxyneral, and alpha- and beta-acaridials) were detected by GC/MS analyses as the opisthonotal gland components of Sancassania shanghaiensis. The acidic fraction after hydrolysis was composed of five common fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidic acid), while the alcoholic fraction consisted of two major components (C6 and C8 alcohols with branched methyls), together with a trace amount of C9 alcohol. The two major alcohols were identified as new alcohols [(S)-2-methylpentanol and (2S,4S)-2,4-dimethylhexanol] by comparing the physico-chemical data of their 3,5-dinitrobenzoates with those of regio-selectively synthesized alcohols. The C9 alcohol was suggested as (2S,4S)-2,4-dimethylheptanol, based on a structural and biogenetic analogy to the C6 and C8 alcohols. Five of the compounds were each identified by GC to be (S)-2-methylpentyl esters from five fatty acids, and the other five components likewise as (2S,4S)-2,4-dimethylhexyl esters. The remaining two were suggested as (2S,4S)-2,4-dimethylheptyl stearate and linolate.     

Identification of N-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing gangliosides of cat and sheep erythrocytes. 252Cf fission fragment ionization mass spectrometry in the analysis of glycosphingolipids

A number of gangliosides were isolated from cat and sheep erythrocytes for use in analyzing the specificity of a panel of human anti-heterophile monoclonal antibodies. The structures of these compounds were determined by a combination of different procedures, including sugar analysis, glycosidase treatment, periodate oxidation, TLC immunostaining, methylation analysis, and mass spectrometry. These methods identified the cat erythrocytes gangliosides (C1 and C2) as N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc)-containing hematosides; C1 was shown to be NeuGc alpha 2----8NeuGc alpha 2----3Gal beta I----4Glc-Cer [NeuGc)2GD3) and C2 to be NeuAc alpha 2----8NeuGc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4Glc-Cer [NeuAc-NeuGc-)GD3). The two sheep gangliosides (S1 and S2) were found to be novel glycolipids based on the paragloboside sequence; S1 was identified as NeuGc alpha 2----8NeuGc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc-Cer [NeuGc)2-disialylparagloboside) and S2 as NeuAc alpha 2----8NeuGc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc-Cer [NeuAc-NeuGc-)-disialylparagloboside). Structural analysis of these compounds was aided by the use of 252Cf fission fragment ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This method provided easily interpretable spectra on methylated derivatives which were particularly useful in determining the sialic acid composition of the gangliosides and the sequence of their disialosyl side chains.     

Novel fucolipids accumulating in human adenocarcinoma. II. Selective isolation of hybridoma antibodies that differentially recognize mono-, di-, and trifucosylated type 2 chain

A series of glycolipids having the X determinant (Gal beta 1----4 [Fuc alpha----3]GlcNAc) at the terminus and a fucosyl alpha 1----3 residue at the internal GlcNAc residue have been isolated and characterized from tumor tissues (Hakomori, S., Nudelman, E., Levery, S.B., and Kannagi, R. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 4672-4680. A series of monoclonal antibodies that differentially recognize glycolipids with mono-, di-, and trifucosylated type 2 chain have been isolated and characterized. The antibody FH4 shows a remarkable preferential reactivity towards di-/or trifucosylated type 2 chain, i.e. it does not react with monofucosylated structures, including lactofucopentaosyl (III) ceramide (III3FucnLc4), monofucosyl neolactonorhexaosylceramide (y2, V3FucnLc6), and monofucosyl neolactonoroctaosylceramide (Z1, VII3FucnLc8), but reacts well with di- and trifucosylated type 2 chain structures such as difucosyl neolactonorhexaosylceramide (III3V3Fuc2nLc6) and trifucosyl neolactonoroctaosylceramide (III3V3VII3Fuc3nLc8). Two other monoclonal antibodies, FH5 and ACFH18, preferentially react with trifucosylated type 2 chain structure (III3V3VII3Fuc3nLc8), although cross-reactivity with difucosylated type 2 chain (III3V3Fuc2nLc6) was observed. They showed a minimal cross-reaction with monofucosylated type 2 chain. In contrast, the antibody FH1 does not react with III3FucnLc4 but reacts with V3FucnLc6, III3V3Fuc2nLc6, and III3V3VII3Fuc3nLc8. Two monoclonal antibodies, FH2 and FH3, do not discriminate among various glycolipids having fucosylated type 2 chain, and their reactivities are essentially similar to previously established antibodies directed to the X determinant, such as anti-SSEA-1, WGHS 29, VEP8 and 9, My-1, etc. This series of antibodies will be useful to detect the specific type of glycolipid with fucosylated type 2 chain accumulating in human cancer and in undifferentiated cells.