血清应答因子在食管鳞癌细胞侵袭转移中的作用

目的:研究血清应答因子(serum response factor,SRF)在人食管鳞癌细胞体外侵袭转移中的意义。方法:选用EC9706-H、EC9706-L和EC109-H、EC109-L两对高低转移细胞系,采用细胞划痕实验验证食管鳞癌高低转移细胞系体外侵袭转移能力的差异;Western blot检测SRF在两对食管鳞癌高低转移细胞系中的差异表达;在EC9706-H、EC109-H细胞中加入CCG(SRF抑制剂)抑制SRF的表达后,检测其侵袭转移能力的变化。结果:细胞划痕实验验证了两对食管鳞癌高低转移细胞系侵袭转移能力的差异;Western blot结果提示SRF在EC9706-H、EC109-H细胞中的表达水平显著高于EC9706-L、EC109-L细胞;在EC9706-H、EC109-H细胞中加入CCG抑制SRF的表达后,其侵袭转移能力明显减退。结论:SRF在高转移性食管鳞癌细胞系中呈现高表达,在低转移性食管鳞癌细胞系中呈现低表达,抑制高转移性食管鳞癌细胞系中SRF的表达后,其侵袭转移能力下降,提示SRF和食管鳞癌的侵袭转移能力呈正相关。     

埃兹蛋白的表达与非小细胞肺癌转移的关系研究

目的:探究埃兹蛋白(Ezrin)的表达与非小细胞肺癌转移的关系。方法:通过免疫组化检测Ezrin在有无转移的非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达差异,通过细胞免疫组化、western-blot、RT-PCR检测Ezrin在不同转移潜能肺癌细胞系中的表达差异,通过transwell考察Ezrin对不同转移潜能癌细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响。结果:Ezrin蛋白在有转移的非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达水平明显高于无转移的肺癌组织,在高转移潜能肺癌细胞系中的表达高于低转移潜能细胞系,受抑制时会削弱高转移潜能肺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,过表达时会增强低转移潜能肺癌细胞的侵袭和迁移能力。结论:Ezrin可能在非小细胞肺癌及其转移中发挥重要作用。     

棕榈酸促进肝癌细胞侵袭转移的分子机制

目的:探讨棕榈酸(Palmiticacid,PA)对人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721侵袭转移能力的影响,并通过检测肝癌细胞系中CD147-MMPs信号通路在PA影响下的变化,初探PA影响肝癌细胞侵袭转移的分子机制。方法:PA(0、20、50、100μM)作用SMMC-7721细胞后(8、16、24h),MTT法检测细胞增殖,划痕及Transwell实验评价细胞迁移侵袭能力,Western-blot及real-time PCR检测CD147蛋白及其mRNA的水平,ELISA检测基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-2,MMP-9)的水平。结果:与对照组相比,PA作用SMMC-7721细胞后,细胞存活率无显著差异(P0.05);细胞迁移和侵袭能力显著增高(P0.05);CD147蛋白及其mRNA的表达显著增高(P0.05);培养上清中MMP-9的浓度显著增高(P0.05),MMP-2的水平则无变化。不同的梯度组之间相比较,细胞迁移和侵袭能力、CD147的表达水平(蛋白及其mRNA)以及培养上清中MMP-9的浓度均随PA作用时间和作用剂量的增大而产生更显著的增高。结论:PA通过活化CD147-MMPs信号通路促进SMMC-7721细胞的迁移侵袭。     

骨桥蛋白通过调控MMP-2和VEGF参与肝癌细胞侵袭的机制研究

目的：骨桥蛋白（Osteopontin,OPN）在肝癌细胞侵袭中的作用机制。方法：采用siRNA干涉的方法处理人肝癌细胞,用PCR和Western-blot法检测OPN的表达;用transwell小室检测不同处理后的HepG2和MHCC97H细胞的侵袭能力;采用Western．b1．ot和ELISA方法检测基质金属蛋白酶-2（matrixmetalloproteinase-2,MMP-2）和血管内皮生长因子（vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF）蛋白表达和活力的变化情况。结果：在不同肝癌细胞系中,随着肝癌细胞系侵袭能力的增强,OPN的表达逐渐增高。siRNA可以降低HepG2和MHCC97H细胞中OPN的表达,并且能够降低HepG2和MHCC97H细胞的侵袭能力;抑制OPN的表达能够降低MMP-2和VEGF蛋白表达和蛋白活性。结论：OPN在肝癌侵袭过程中起着重要作用,其作用机制可能是通过调控MMP-2和VEGF蛋白表达和活性来参与肝癌的侵袭,OPN可作为肝癌侵袭转移治疗的新靶点。     

新城疫病毒(NDV)D90抑制口腔鳞癌细胞系迁移和侵袭的研究

目的:证明NDV D90是否具有抑制口腔鳞癌细胞系迁移和侵袭的能力。方法:免疫荧光染色法检测D90对细胞微管和微丝形态的改变;Transwell法检测D90对HN-6细胞迁移和侵袭率的抑制作用;蛋白印迹法检测D90对于SP1、RECK、MMP-2和MMP-9表达的影响;明胶酶谱法用于检测MMP-2和MMP-9活性的改变。结果:实验结果表明,D90通过改变细胞的微管和微丝形态来抑制细胞的能动性;D90具有抑制HN-6细胞的迁移和侵袭的功能。同时,D90通过下调SP1和上调RECK的表达来抑制MMP-2和MMP-9的表达和活性。结论:NDV D90能够有效地抑制口腔鳞癌细胞系HN-6的迁移和侵袭,为一种新的抗肿瘤制剂提供了临床试验基础。     

PAI-1过表达促进食管鳞癌细胞的侵袭和迁移

食管癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一。由SERPINE1基因编码的纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)已被报道在多种类型癌症患者的肿瘤组织中存在高表达并参与癌症进展。为探讨PAI-1蛋白在食管鳞癌中的作用及其分子机制,本研究首先利用Westernblot实验和酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测各食管鳞癌细胞系中PAI-1的表达和分泌水平,结果显示,PAI-1高表达的食管鳞癌细胞系分泌至细胞外的PAI-1水平相对较高。进一步选取PAI-1表达及分泌水平均较高的KYSE150和KYSE450细胞系作为研究模型,通过si RNA(小干扰RNA)瞬时转染和Transwell实验证实敲降SERPINE1可显著抑制食管鳞癌KYSE150和KYSE450细胞的侵袭和迁移。同时,构建了慢病毒介导的SERPINE1稳定敲降细胞株KYSE150和KYSE450,将SERPINE1稳定敲降的细胞培养基中外源加入PAI-1蛋白进行Transwell回复实验,结果表明PAI-1过表达可增强食管鳞癌细胞的侵袭和迁移能力。体内实验结果显示,降低PAI-1表达可显著抑制食管鳞癌细胞的成瘤和肺转移能力。分子水平检测表明PAI-1过表达可激活AKT和ERK信号通路,免疫共沉淀(co-immunoprecipitation,Co-IP)实验结果进一步显示PAI-1可能与膜受体LRP1(LDLreceptor related protein1)存在相互作用。上述研究结果表明,PAI-1可能通过与LRP1相互作用进而促进食管鳞癌细胞的侵袭和迁移。     

DLC-1基因表达对结肠癌细胞侵袭转移能力的影响

目的:研究DLC-1基因对结肠癌细胞侵袭迁移能力的影响.方法:将DLC-1 shRNA(短发夹状RNA,short hairpin RNA)序列克隆到质粒pGCsi-U6/Neo载体,采用脂质体介导的转染方法将构建的DLC-1 shRNA表达质粒转入结肠癌细胞系LoVo细胞.采用RT-PCR技术和Western Blot技术分别检测LoVo细胞中DLC-1mRNA和蛋白表达水平的变化.Transwell小室人工重组基底膜侵袭转移实验观察LoVo细胞侵袭迁移能力的改变.结果:结肠癌细胞系LoVo细胞表达DLC-1分子.所构建质粒表达载体能有效地干扰LoVo细胞DLC-1 mRNA和蛋白质表达水平;Transwell小室人工重组基底膜侵袭转移实验结果显示,转染后LoVo细胞侵袭转移能力明显增强(p＜0.05).结论:结肠癌细胞系LoVo细胞表达DLC-1基因,应用RNAi技术可特异性降低其表达.DLC-1的表达水平与结肠癌细胞侵袭转移相关.     

地高辛通过下调AEG-1表达抑制人胃癌MKN45细胞迁移和侵袭

本研究旨在观察地高辛对人胃癌MKN45细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响,并探讨其分子机制。取人胃癌MKN45细胞作为研究对象,采用Transwell法检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力,通过脂质体转染法将星形细胞上调基因-1(astrocyte elevated gene-1,AEG-1)sh RNA干扰质粒转染MKN45细胞以构建低表达AEG-1的细胞株,利用Western blot法检测基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)、E-钙粘蛋白(E-cadherin)和AEG-1等蛋白的表达变化。结果显示,地高辛可使MKN45细胞迁移率和侵袭率均显著下降(P0.05),下调MMP-9和AEG-1蛋白表达水平(P0.05)以及上调E-cadherin蛋白表达水平(P0.05),上述作用均具有剂量依赖性。经sh RNA干扰AEG-1基因表达后,MKN45细胞中AEG-1蛋白表达水平显著下降(P0.05);同时AEG-1干扰组MKN45细胞中E-cadherin蛋白表达水平显著升高(P0.05),细胞迁移率、侵袭率和MMP-9蛋白表达水平均显著下降(P0.05)。上述结果提示,地高辛可在体外剂量依赖性地抑制人胃癌MKN45细胞迁移和侵袭,这可能与地高辛抑制AEG-1蛋白表达,继而下调MMP-9蛋白表达和上调E-cadherin蛋白表达有关。     

枸杞多糖抑制SMMC-7721肝癌细胞的VEGF表达、迁移与侵袭

目的研究枸杞多糖(lycium barbarum polysaccharide,LBP)对SMMC-7721肝癌细胞迁移、侵袭影响的机制。方法运用MTT法检肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的增殖率,Transwell检测细胞的迁移力和侵袭力,应用血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)小分子干扰RNA沉默VEGF表达,转染pcDNA 3.1-VEGF过表达VEGF,Western blot和qRT-PCR检测VEGF、MMP-2和MMP-9表达。结果 LBP(100、200、400μg/ml)处理可抑制SMMC-7721细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,并抑制MMP-2、MMP-9和VEGF表达;沉默VEGF可降低SMMC-7721细胞迁移、侵袭相关蛋白MMP-2和MMP-9水平,过表达VEGF可逆转LBP对SMMC-7721细胞迁移和侵袭相关蛋白MMP-2和MMP-9水平的抑制作用。结论枸杞多糖可抑制肝癌细胞的迁移和侵袭,其机制可能与直接抑制VEGF有关。     

KAI1/CD82 suppresses tumor invasion by MMP9 inactivation via TIMP1 up-regulation in the H1299 human lung carcinoma cell line

We conducted a study on the mechanism of KAI1/CD82-mediated suppression of tumor invasiveness and metastasis, and examined its effect on MMP-9 activity and the TIMP1 levels in H1299 human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. The H1299 human lung carcinoma cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-CD82 and stable transfectant clones that had a high KAI1/CD82 expression were obtained. We performed Western blot analysis, cell invasion assay, gelatin zymography, and RT-PCR to assess the KAI1/CD82 expression and tumor invasiveness, the MMP-9 activity, the MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels, and the TIMP1 levels in the H1299/CD82 transfectant cells and compared the results with those of the control groups. The H1299/CD82 transfectants exhibited significant suppression of cell invasion, reduced MMP9 enzyme activity, elevated MMP9 mRNA and MMP-9 protein levels, and elevated TIMP1 levels. It may be postulated that KAI1/CD82 over-expression in the H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells suppresses the tumor invasiveness and metastatic potential by inducing MMP9 inactivation via the up-regulation of TIMP1.     

Overexpression of Aurora-A enhances invasion and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers, and metastasis is the principal cause of death in ESCC patients. It has been shown that amplification and overexpression of mitotic serine/threonine kinase Aurora-A occur in several types of human tumors, including ESCC. Moreover, increase in expression levels of Aurora-A has been predicted to correlate with the grades of tumor differentiation and invasive capability. However, the mechanisms by which Aurora-A mediates its invasive effects still remain elusive. In this article, we showed that Aurora-A overexpression significantly increased cell migration and invasion as well as secretion and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Conversely, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Aurora-A expression in human ESCC cells led to inhibition of cell invasiveness as well as secretion and expression of MMP-2. In addition, Aurora-A overexpression increased phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt, and the knockdown of Aurora-A by siRNA decreased the activity of p38 MAPK and Akt. Moreover, the blocking of the activity of above kinases using chemical inhibitors suppressed the ability of Aurora-A to induce MMP-2 secretion and expression as well as cell invasion. These data show that overexpression of Aurora-A contributes to the malignancy development of ESCC by enhancing tumor cell invasion as well as MMP-2 activity and expression, which can occur through signaling pathways involving p38 MAPK and Akt protein kinases. Taken together, these studies provide a molecular basis for promoting the role of Aurora-A in malignancy development of ESCC.     

Knockdown of Angiopoietin-2 Suppresses Metastasis in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma by Reduced Matrix Metalloproteinase-2

Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) has been shown highly expressed in resected human pancreatic carcinoma samples, and has tightly combination with tumor angiogenesis, but the role in metastasis of it is less clear. We were, therefore, interested in exploring the effects of Ang2 silencing on the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma. Lentivirus (LV)-mediated Ang2 small hairpin RNA (LV-RNAi) and mock lentivirus (LV-NC) were transfected into pancreatic carcinoma cell line MIA PaCa-2. Groups were designed in this study: the control group (MIA PaCa-2 cells), the LV-NC group (cells transfected with the LV-NC), the LV-RNAi-KD1 group (cells transfected with LV-RNAi of knock down sequence (1) and the LV-RNAi-KD2 group (cells transfected with LV-RNAi of knock down sequence (2). Boyden chamber transwell assay was used to detect the cell invasion change. The protein levels of Ang2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 gene and mRNA level of MMP-2, MMP-9 were detected by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Orthotopic pancreatic carcinoma xenotransplantation model were successfully built with MIA PaCa-2 cells injection. After treatment with intraperitoneal injection of LV-RNAi-KD2 (LV-RNAi), mice growth, liver function test, tumor volume and peritoneal metastatic numbers were observed and counted. Moreover, expression of Ang2, MMP-2, MMP-9 were measured by immunohistochemistry. Ang2 expression were successfully knocked down in two LV-RNAi groups, especially in the LV-RNAi-KD2group. Compared with the control group and the LV-NC group, the mRNA and protein level of MMP-2 gene were downregulated significantly in LV-RNAi groups, also the invasion cell number decreased in boyden chamber transwell assay after LV-RNAi transfection. Meanwhile, no obvious MMP-9 gene expression changes were found among all the groups. LV-RNAi injection inhibited pancreatic carcinoma metastasis and growth in vivo by downregulating the expression of MMP-2 not MMP-9. Most importantly, LV-mediated gene therapy with Ang2 knockdown exhibited almost no toxicity in vivo. These findings demonstrate that Ang2 gene silencing exert an anti-metastasis effect in vitro and in vivo, and Ang2 targeted gene therapy has the potential to serve as a novel way for pancreatic carcinoma treatment.     

Haishengsu, a Protein from Shellfish Tegillarca L. granosa, Inhibits the Growth and the Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in Human Lung Carcinoma

Haishengsu (HSS) is a seashell protein extracted from Tegillarca L. granosa, a type of Malaysian shellfish. Previous in vitro studies showed that HSS might possess biological anticancer activity. In this combined in vitro and in vivo study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of HSS on tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis using human lung carcinoma cell lines A549 and NCI-H292, both intensely positive for matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. HSS significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 and NCI-H292 as estimated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The transwell chamber assay showed that HSS effectively blocked the invasion and migration of the carcinoma cells through the reconstituted extracellular matrix (Matrigel). Gelatin zymography analysis revealed that the secretion and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the supernatants of the cultured cells A549 and NCI-H292 were decreased after treatment with HSS. The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in these cancer cells were further examined by Western blot assay in which a significant decrease of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was observed in A549 and NCI-H292 cells after 24 h of exposure to HSS. The anticancer activity of HSS was verified in a mouse model in which HSS delayed the growth of A549 xenografts after 3 weeks of oral administration. Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was also demonstrated in the A549 xenografts as determined by Western blot analysis. These results suggest that HSS is a novel seashell protein that cannot only inhibit tumor growth but also prevent tumor invasion and metastasis through suppressing the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9.     

过表达外源FUT8增加乳腺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力

核心岩藻糖的修饰被认为是对糖蛋白进行转录后加工和功能调控的一种重要方式, 与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关, 但其在乳腺癌恶性转化过程中所发挥的生物学功能尚不明确. 本文构建了α1,6-岩藻糖基移转酶（FUT8）基因真核表达载体,将其转染人乳腺癌细胞Bcap-37, 实时PCR及Western印迹检测FUT8 mRNA和蛋白质表达, 通过细胞划痕实验和Transwell小室观察FUT8过表达对细胞体外迁移、侵袭能力的影响, 免疫共沉淀和Western印迹检测肿瘤细胞整合素、基质金属蛋白酶（matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs）家族相关蛋白质表达水平变化. 结果显示,外源FUT8基因在mRNA水平和蛋白质水平的表达均显著增加, FUT8过表达组细胞迁移和侵袭能力明显增强;上调FUT8基因表达可使Bcap-37细胞中核心岩藻糖基化的整合素-α3β1、MMP-2和MMP-9在蛋白质水平呈不同程度升高. 上述研究表明,FUT8可通过核心岩藻糖化修饰正性调控整合素-α3β1的功能, 诱导MMP-2、MMP-9的表达, 促进乳腺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭.     

GALNT14对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞迁移的影响

构建真核表达载体pcDNA 3.1-Flag-T14,重组质粒经酶切分析及测序鉴定后,利用脂质体将重组质粒转染人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7细胞,经G418筛选并建立稳定转染GALNT14细胞株.应用半定量RT-PCR、Western blot检测稳定细胞株GALNT14 mRNA及蛋白表达水平,细胞划痕修复及穿膜试验检测GALNT14基因对MCF-7迁移能力的影响,同时RT-PCR检测GALNT14对MMP-2,MMP-9,TGF-β1及VEGF等肿瘤浸润转移相关因子表达的影响.结果显示成功构建了真核重组表达载体pcDNA 3.1-Flag-T14,经RT-PCR和Western blot检测显示成功获得了稳定表达GALNT14的MCF-7细胞株;GALNT14能够提高MCF-7细胞株的迁移能力,且能增加侵袭转移相关因子MMP-2,MMP-9,TGF-β1及VEGF的表达.结论:GALNT14可明显促进MCF-7细胞的迁移,可能在肿瘤侵袭转移中起重要作用.     

Oxygen-mediated regulation of gelatinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 expression by invasive cells.

The relative expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) is an important determinant in trophoblast invasion of the uterus and tumor invasion and metastasis. Our previous studies have shown that low oxygen levels increase the in vitro invasiveness of trophoblast and tumor cells. The present study examined whether changes in oxygen levels affect TIMP and MMP expression by cultured trophoblast and breast cancer cells. Reverse zymographic analysis demonstrated reduced TIMP-1 protein secretion by HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells as well as MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells cultured in 1% vs 20% oxygen for 24 h. While gelatin zymography revealed no changes in the levels of MMP-9 secreted by HTR-8/SVneo trophoblasts cultured under various oxygen concentrations for 24 h, human MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells displayed increased MMP-9 secretion and human MCF-7 breast cancer cells exhibited reduced secretion of this enzyme when cultured under similar conditions. In contrast, MMP-2 levels remained unchanged in all cultures incubated under similar conditions. Western blot analysis of MMP-9 protein in cell extracts confirmed the results of zymography. To assess the contribution of enhanced MMP activity to hypoxia-induced invasion, the effect of an MMP inhibitor (llomastat) on the ability of MDA-MB-231 cells to penetrate reconstituted extracellular matrix (Matrigel) was examined. Results showed that MMP inhibition significantly decreased the hypoxic upregulation of invasion by these cells. These findings indicate that the increased cellular invasiveness observed under reduced oxygen conditions may be due in part to a shift in the balance between MMPs and their inhibitors favoring increased MMP activity.     

沉默单核细胞趋化蛋白-1基因降低人食管癌EC109细胞的迁移及侵袭能力

单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,MCP-1)是白色脂肪细胞分泌的炎症趋化刺激因子,属于趋化因子CC亚族,可促进肿瘤血管形成和细胞外基质降解,从而促进肿瘤细胞的浸润与转移。沉默MCP-1基因可显著抑制恶性肿瘤生长及转移,但其作用的分子机制尚不完全清楚。本研究应用小干扰RNA技术沉默人食管癌EC109细胞中MCP-1表达。细胞划痕试验显示,与对照组相比,沉默MCP-1基因可明显抑制食管癌EC109细胞迁移能力。Transwell 侵袭实验显示,沉默MCP-1基因后,EC109细胞侵袭能力降低。Western 印迹试验和RT-PCR试验揭示,沉默MCP-1基因后,细胞中MMP-7、MMP-9、TGF-β1及VEGF表达水平显著下降。研究结果提示,沉默MCP-1基因可通过抑制MMP-7、MMP-9、TGF-β1及VEGF表达,降低癌细胞迁移及侵袭能力。